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What Are High-Quality Race and Ethnicity Data and How Are They Used in Health Equity Research? 什么是高质量的种族和民族数据及其如何用于卫生公平研究？
AMA journal of ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2025.34
Christopher T Rentsch, Moneeza K Siddiqui, Rohini Mathur
{"title":"What Are High-Quality Race and Ethnicity Data and How Are They Used in Health Equity Research?","authors":"Christopher T Rentsch, Moneeza K Siddiqui, Rohini Mathur","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.34","DOIUrl":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic changed public awareness of the importance of high-quality race and ethnicity data for identifying and redressing widely documented racial and ethnic health inequity. This article emphasizes the importance of high-quality race and ethnicity data in health equity research, as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The article defines what constitutes high-quality race and ethnicity data, discusses challenges in using these data, and provides 2 cases that illustrate the role of these data in identifying and redressing health inequity. Finally, this article advocates for the use of accurate, standardized, and granular data and highlights the need for community engagement and trust building to improve data quality and research outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 1","pages":"E34-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Right In the Eye. 直视眼睛。
AMA journal of ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2025.64
Kayla Mackenzie McCormick
{"title":"Right In the Eye.","authors":"Kayla Mackenzie McCormick","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2025.64","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This illustration represents how a patient's view of themselves can be altered while going through iatrogenic trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 1","pages":"E64-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Which Values Should Guide Evidence-Based Practice? 哪些价值观应该指导循证实践？
AMA journal of ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2025.21
Amber Comer
{"title":"Which Values Should Guide Evidence-Based Practice?","authors":"Amber Comer","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.21","DOIUrl":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article draws on opinions in the AMA Code of Medical Ethics and applies them to evidence-based practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Whom Should We Regard as Responsible for Health Record Inaccuracies That Hinder Population-Based Fact Finding? 健康记录的不准确阻碍了基于人群的事实发现，我们应该将其视为谁的责任？
AMA journal of ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2025.6
Kathleen M Akgün, Shelli L Feder
{"title":"Whom Should We Regard as Responsible for Health Record Inaccuracies That Hinder Population-Based Fact Finding?","authors":"Kathleen M Akgün, Shelli L Feder","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2025.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electronic health records (EHRs) have revolutionized the scale, speed, and granularity at which health data can be collated and summarized for epidemiologic purposes. However, population-level analyses of patient-level data are only as reliable as the accuracy or completeness of patient reporting, clinician data entry, and how systems are programmed. This commentary on a case argues that responsibility for the validity of EHR data should be shared among key stakeholders, including patients. This commentary also proposes models for EHR data inquiry, data entry, and review processes that incorporate roles of community partners, frontline clinicians, and health science experts.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 1","pages":"E6-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142922214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Should Clinicians Know About How Coding Influences Epidemiological Research? 关于编码如何影响流行病学研究，临床医生应该知道什么？
AMA journal of ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2025.51
Jennifer Quint, Alex Brownrigg
{"title":"What Should Clinicians Know About How Coding Influences Epidemiological Research?","authors":"Jennifer Quint, Alex Brownrigg","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2025.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coded health care data from patients' health records are used in epidemiological research, especially on incidence or prevalence of disease; for drug safety monitoring or long-term cohort tracking; and to inform policy making. This article briefly summarizes the evolution of internationally recognized coding ontologies and nomenclature and describes applications of coded electronic health record (EHR) data in day-to-day health care operations, research, auditing, and policy development. This article also illuminates how errors can occur when EHR information is coded, considers errors' consequences, and suggests strategies for mitigating errors and improving overall use of coded EHR data.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 1","pages":"E51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142922062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hospital Design Standards and the AMA. 医院设计标准和AMA。
AMA journal of ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2024.963
Jorie Braunold
{"title":"Hospital Design Standards and the AMA.","authors":"Jorie Braunold","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2024.963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2024.963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The establishment of the American Medical Association in 1847 launched medical practice standardization in the United States. Consensus on standards was hard won, however, and implementation was not immediate. Hospital design standards, specifically, were debated for decades and were ultimately ceded to nurses and architects. This article describes key moments along that trajectory.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"26 12","pages":"E963-969"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Which Values Should Guide Health Care Organizations' Retrofit Expenditures on Patient-Centered and Evidence-Based Design? 在以患者为中心和循证设计中，哪些价值观应该指导医疗机构的改造支出？
AMA journal of ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2024.916
Ellen Taylor
{"title":"Which Values Should Guide Health Care Organizations' Retrofit Expenditures on Patient-Centered and Evidence-Based Design?","authors":"Ellen Taylor","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2024.916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2024.916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When built environments in health care result from an evidence-based design (EBD) process, they are interventions that can improve patients' health outcomes. This commentary on a case discusses which ethical values should guide organizations' capital expenditure decisions about retrofits, which might be more costly than the original budget. This discussion urges reevaluation of the common assumption that capital improvements are \"sunk costs,\" since such improvements can promote long-term positive health outcomes for an organization's patients, thereby advancing both financial value and ethical values. This commentary also suggests that EBD offers key interventions that are clinically and ethically relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"26 12","pages":"E916-924"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who Should Contribute to Decisions About Health Care Space Design? 谁应该参与医疗空间设计的决策？
AMA journal of ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2024.901
Diana C Anderson, Stowe Locke Teti
{"title":"Who Should Contribute to Decisions About Health Care Space Design?","authors":"Diana C Anderson, Stowe Locke Teti","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2024.901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2024.901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary on a case considers how and by whom decisions about health care structures and spaces should be made and suggests merits and drawbacks of shared decision-making as one approach to Certificate of Need assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"26 12","pages":"E901-908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Design Affects Health. 设计如何影响健康。
AMA journal of ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2024.899
Joy C Liu
{"title":"How Design Affects Health.","authors":"Joy C Liu","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2024.899","DOIUrl":"10.1001/amajethics.2024.899","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"26 12","pages":"E899-900"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Should We Respond to Spatial Injustice in Health Care Organizations? 我们应该如何应对医疗机构的空间不公平？
AMA journal of ethics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2024.909
Ian M Johnson
{"title":"How Should We Respond to Spatial Injustice in Health Care Organizations?","authors":"Ian M Johnson","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2024.909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2024.909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hostile design is a built environment strategy to discourage unwanted behaviors or limit use by unwanted users in a space. This commentary on a case identifies how hostile design choices perpetuate spatial injustice in both health care settings and the surrounding community and argues that health care organizations have duties to mitigate adverse health consequences of such spatial injustices. This commentary then describes strategies for identifying overt and covert hostile design of health care spaces and proposes future practices and translational research to make health care environments' designs accessible, approachable, and more just.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"26 12","pages":"E909-915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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