{"title":"EMS Service Integration in American Indian and Native Alaskan Rural Communities.","authors":"Chelsea Tsasse, John Shufeldt","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.525","DOIUrl":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article outlines several initiatives to optimize and expand emergency medical services (EMS) in American Indian and Native Alaskan (AI/NA) rural communities. It highlights the significance of cultural humility, cost-effectiveness, equity, and tribal sovereignty in EMS licensure and describes key infrastructure improvements (eg, roads and communication systems) to EMS responsiveness in AI/NA rural communities. This article also examines practical and financial strategies for integrating telehealth and drone-based delivery of critical medicines into rural EMS response capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 7","pages":"E525-529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Might the Past Suggest About Rural Emergency Services Amidst Critical Access Hospitals' Decline?","authors":"Siân Lewis-Bevan, Stephen Powell","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2025.530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Critical access and other rural hospitals have struggled to remain open, which exacerbates inequity in rural residents' access to routine and emergency health services and strains already-taxed rural emergency medical services (EMS). This article discusses the recent history of rural hospital closures and their effects on rural emergency care. This article also suggests modifications to EMS policy and practice that could improve rural community members' access to health services and bolster EMS services in rural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 7","pages":"E530-536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When Is It Justifiable for an Inexperienced but Licensed Clinician to Perform a High-Risk but Low-Frequency Procedure on a Patient in a Prehospital Setting?","authors":"Elizabeth Reiche, Shaila Coffey, Emma Zeratsky","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.497","DOIUrl":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In prehospital settings, clinicians make difficult decisions that need to be made in short periods of time and be within their scope of practice, procedural skill set, and appropriate to their training and preparation. This commentary on a case offers a just culture approach to learning, especially after sentinel events.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 7","pages":"E497-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Should We Fund and Reimagine EMS to Support Sustainable Rural Health Infrastructure?","authors":"Michael Levy","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2025.503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emergency medical services (EMS) care in rural areas of the United States has suffered from being chronically under-resourced and understaffed for many years. Deficits, to a large extent, are due to how EMS is funded and due to shortfalls in staffing and equipment. Licensed volunteers often staff EMS units in rural areas, but recruitment and retention of skilled professional and volunteer caregivers is stifled by waning numbers. If further expansion of our nation's ambulance deserts is to be avoided, policy action must be taken to adequately fund, as well as to reimagine, rural EMS care.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 7","pages":"E503-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I Pressed Down.","authors":"David M Sine","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2025.537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In emergency medical services prehospital care, situational awareness means that not everything is in a textbook and that not all care is about the patient in front of you.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 7","pages":"E537-540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"According to Which Criteria Should a Return EMS Trip of Long Duration and Distance Be Deemed Ethically Justifiable?","authors":"Casey Patrick","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2025.491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessing and adequately documenting a patient's decision-making capacity is a responsibility and skill required of all emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. However, emergency medical technicians' and paramedics' training in a patient's refusal of EMS transport is often limited to evaluating that patient's alertness and orientation. This commentary argues that this approach is too narrow and outlines the obligation of prehospital care personnel to examine the patient thoroughly, obtain a complete set of vital signs, explain prospective risks and benefits of EMS transport, determine capacity, and express support for the patient. Finally, the commentary outlines what it means to appropriately document a prehospital interaction with a patient and express respect for decisions of patients with capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 7","pages":"E491-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Should Rural EMS Funding Streams Be Improved?","authors":"James Small","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2025.518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article considers how to reliably provide emergency medical services (EMS). EMS responses are critical functions of local governments, yet, in rural areas, many are staffed by licensed volunteers. As requests for emergency health services increase and the workforce decreases, transitioning to a paid workforce is critical to maintaining response capacity. This article discusses the need and mechanisms for more robustly funding rural EMS systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 7","pages":"E518-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When Is It Acceptable to Terminate Resuscitation in Prehospital Settings?","authors":"Christopher Libby, Scott H Pasichow","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2025.484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given advances in resuscitation science that bring advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) to prehospital settings, emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics must make decisions about whether and when to terminate resuscitation and to transport a patient for whom ACLS is unsuccessful. Protocols for both vary across the United States. This article reviews ethical and scientific features of EMTs' and paramedics' decisions to initiate, continue, or terminate resuscitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 7","pages":"E484-490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Which Technologies Should Be Used to Improve Prehospital Emergency Services?","authors":"Sophia Görgens","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2025.510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chief among the barriers to maintaining emergency medical services in rural areas are personnel shortages, long travel times, and austere settings in which clinicians must often provide care. These problems stem from a variety of sources, and some of those stemming from funding shortfalls might be remediable through technological innovation. This article examines how new technologies have recently been implemented and suggests how technology might be further integrated into prehospital emergency care.</p>","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 7","pages":"E510-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Makes Rural EMS in the US a Health Equity Concern?","authors":"Molly Nguyen, Tanya Shenoy","doi":"10.1001/amajethics.2025.481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2025.481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38034,"journal":{"name":"AMA journal of ethics","volume":"27 7","pages":"E481-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}