Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.最新文献

{"title":"Uncovering Spatially Resolved 6PPDQ Metabolism in Rainbow Trout Fry with Nano-DESI Mass Spectrometry Imaging","authors":"Nicholas Woytowich,&nbsp;Catherine Roberts,&nbsp;Phillip Ankley,&nbsp;Markus Brinkmann,&nbsp;Erik T. Krogh and Kyle D. Duncan*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00669","url":null,"abstract":"<p ><i>N</i>-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-<i>N</i><i>′</i>-phenyl-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPDQ) is an emerging tire-derived contaminant that poses a critical environmental risk to select salmonids. However, the mechanisms of 6PPDQ toxicity are currently unresolved. While species-specific metabolomic effects of 6PPDQ exposure have been explored, to our knowledge no studies have investigated the <i>in situ</i> spatial distribution of 6PPDQ and 6PPDQ biotransformation products in salmonids. Herein, we employ nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to visualize 6PPDQ metabolism in 6-week posthatch rainbow trout fry exposed to 0.61 μg/L of 6PPDQ for 96 h. These data provide the first spatial mapping of 6PPDQ metabolism in fishes. 6PPDQ was not observed in any fish tissues; however, primary 6PPDQ biotransformation products, hydroxylated 6PPDQ and dihydroxylated 6PPDQ, were found to localize in the liver and gut of exposed fry. Additionally, interrogation of nontargeted nano-DESI spatial metabolomics revealed an accumulation of free fatty acids in the central nervous system of exposed fry. Overall, this study uncovers the spatially resolved 6PPDQ metabolism in exposed fishes and explores the disparate localization of endogenous metabolites disrupted by 6PPDQ exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"12 8","pages":"937–944"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powering the Future: Policies to Advance Equitable Clean Cooking Access for Health, Well-Being, and Climate","authors":"Annelise Gill-Wiehl,&nbsp;Ajay Pillarisetti,&nbsp;Laura H Kwong,&nbsp;Misbath Daouda,&nbsp;Daniel M Kammen and Thomas Clasen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00567","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), a World Health Organization-designated “clean” fuel, dominates household fuel expansion in low- and middle-income countries and is the most widely studied clean fuel in terms of health, climate, gender, equity, and preference considerations. We review the current state of evidence on all clean fuels and argue that knowledge gaps create uncertainty that impedes action on cooking energy alternatives and encourages reliance on markets rather than policy-driven transitions. There is currently not enough evidence that any single fuel is a silver bullet for protecting health and environment. Further research into electric cooking could support a comprehensive household and community energy transition beyond cooking. We propose a set of policies that multilateral agencies, governments, funders, researchers, and nongovernmental organizations can pursue to assess how renewable energy should complement LPG in expanding energy access. This agenda is intended to help ensure a clean, healthful, equitable, and sustainable energy future for all.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"12 8","pages":"893–900"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel, Metal-Based Approach to Identify Residences with Lead Service Lines","authors":"Danielle Land*,&nbsp;Grant D. Brown,&nbsp;David M. Cwiertny,&nbsp;Marc A. Edwards,&nbsp;Mona Hanna,&nbsp;Drew E. Latta and Michelle M. Scherer,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00552","url":null,"abstract":"<p >There is an urgent need for rapid, cost-effective approaches to identify residences with lead service lines (LSLs). We evaluated whether analyzing water for corrosion-related metals could accurately identify residences with LSLs without relying on potentially inaccurate property records. We applied principal component analysis logistic regression (PCA-LR) and classification tree models using 28 analytes per bottle (including Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Al, and others) measured in 216 water samples collected in Flint, Michigan, in August 2015. The PCA-LR model achieved 87% accuracy (AUROC = 0.93) with 81% sensitivity and 90% specificity, while the classification tree model achieved 80% accuracy (AUROC = 0.77) with 74% sensitivity and 84% specificity. The classification tree provided interpretable decision rules identifying key predictive metals, primarily relying on 1 min flush Pb concentrations with Zn and Al as secondary predictors. It also revealed distinct metal co-occurrence patterns between LSLs and premise plumbing, offering insights into Pb source identification. The tree’s interpretable structure makes it particularly valuable for practical implementation by utilities. Although additional work is needed to extend these models to other water systems, our results suggest that metal analysis provides an accurate, cost-effective, and minimally invasive tool that complements existing approaches for predicting the presence of an LSL.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"12 8","pages":"918–923"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning the Corner on Hazardous Tire Compounds: A Management Framework for Tire Additive Pollution","authors":"Timothy F. M. Rodgers*,&nbsp;Simon Drew,&nbsp;Tanya Brown,&nbsp;Kyoshiro Hiki,&nbsp;Yamamoto Hiroshi,&nbsp;Mason King,&nbsp;Edward P. Kolodziej,&nbsp;Erik T. Krogh,&nbsp;Jenifer K. McIntyre,&nbsp;Kyle Miller,&nbsp;Hui Peng,&nbsp;Haley Tomlin,&nbsp;Yan Wang and Rachel C. Scholes,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00453","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Vehicle tires are complex chemical formulations that abrade during use, releasing tire particles everywhere roadways exist. The recent discovery that the tire additive transformation product 6PPD-quinone (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone) was primarily responsible for mortality in sentinel fish species has prompted regulatory and scientific scrutiny of tire additives as contaminants subject to widespread human and ecological exposure. Tire additives pose a global pollution challenge to human and ecosystem health due to their high emissions via tire wear particles combined with loss from in-use and waste tire materials. Such releases often occur in close proximity to humans, and mobilized material or chemicals are easily transported to habitats where adverse effects are possible. This issue demands a commensurate policy response that remains unaddressed by existing pollution management policies. We here propose five principles for managing tire additives: mandating nonhazardous alternatives and their transformation products, acknowledging impacts throughout tire life cycles, transparency in tire compositions, characterizing effects, and international harmonization. Following these principles, we outline a <i>Management Framework for Tire Additive Pollution</i> (MF-TAP) that recommends a phased regulatory approach, data transparency, independent expert panels, and internationally coordinated governance to drive the development and use of alternative, nonhazardous tire additive compounds. Managing tire additives according to the MF-TAP will allow us to better address the pollution potential of hazardous tire additives and reduce their impacts on human health and ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"12 8","pages":"869–880"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Molecules as Markers for Decoding Plastic-Related Information: A Focus on Polymer Composition","authors":"Yu Li,&nbsp;Katherine Poisson,&nbsp;Madison H. McMinn,&nbsp;Changyong Zhang,&nbsp;Shuai Yang and Zhenyu Tian*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00448","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Although the relationship between plastics and their embedded small molecules has been previously hypothesized, direct and systematic evidence remains limited. Herein, we introduced an innovative approach to validate this relationship by screening specific small molecules as markers to decode plastic information. Given the mature techniques available for polymer identification, enabling subsequent validation, this study focused on screening polymer-specific small molecule markers. Specifically, plastic samples of various polymer types─including raw plastic pellets and postprocessed plastic products─were collected, extracted, and analyzed with a nontargeted method. Distinct polymer-based features were observed in raw plastic pellets: 21 in polyethylene (PE), 69 in polypropylene (PP), 119 in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and 14 in polystyrene (PS). Of these, 2, 28, 101, and 10 features were also detected in postprocessed plastic products of the same polymer, indicating these co-occurring features could serve as polymer-specific markers. Representative markers were identified, including Irganox 1010 transformation products in PP-based plastics, PET oligomers in PET-based plastics, and dibenzoylmethane in PS-based plastics. These markers were then used to identify the polymer type of two additional plastic bottles as PET, consistent with results obtained from pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. This work provides a proof-of-concept for employing small molecule markers to decode plastic-related information.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"12 8","pages":"1019–1025"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Removal Due to Enhanced Weathering","authors":"Ella Milliken*,&nbsp;Alex Woodley and Noah J. Planavsky,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00441","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Enhanced weathering (EW) is a durable carbon removal strategy with clear pathways to produce significant global supply on a decadal scale. Despite increasing interest and investment in this process, there have been limited direct, continuous observations of instantaneous carbon removal rates from feedstock dissolution. In this study, we monitor a soybean plot amended with basalt in Southeast Virginia using continuous in-soil CO₂ monitors, a method not previously applied in agricultural EW trials. We provide clear evidence of CO₂ flux reduction within the soil profile, equivalent to 1.04 tCO₂ ha^–1 yr^–1. This removal is most substantial in the growing season, following significant rain pulses. This work supports that direct, continuous gas-phase measurements could play an important role in advancing our understanding of biotic and abiotic influences on enhanced weathering rates while demonstrating enhanced weathering to be a rigorous, scalable method of durable carbon removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"12 8","pages":"970–976"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of AC Field Frequency on Membrane Colloidal Deposition and Detachment","authors":"Elina Yachnin,&nbsp;Fan Yang,&nbsp;David Jassby,&nbsp;Eric M. V. Hoek,&nbsp;Tamar Segal-Peretz and Guy Z. Ramon*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00623","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Colloidal fouling remains an operational challenge for numerous membrane filtration processes. While various approaches exist for fouling mitigation, the use of time-periodic electric fields represents a particularly interesting, relatively unexplored one. Here, we report experimental results of colloidal deposition onto an electrically conductive membrane in the presence of AC electric fields of varying frequency. We show that fouling mitigation can be achieved in the presence of an AC electric field at a relatively low applied potential amplitude of 1 V. Moreover, an extremum in the frequency response is observed in the medium frequency range (represented by 100 Hz), where deposition is greatly reduced with slow kinetics and remains reversible, all while maintaining constant permeate flux. Our results serve as an initial, experimental proof of concept, demonstrating the potential of tuning AC fields for fouling control.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"12 8","pages":"1089–1094"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nondestructive In Operando Imaging of Thin Film Composite Membrane Compaction Enhanced by AI-Based Segmentation","authors":"Jishan Wu,&nbsp;Yara Suleiman,&nbsp;Jinlong He,&nbsp;Minhao Xiao,&nbsp;Parisa Mahyari,&nbsp;Mingzhe Li,&nbsp;Lin Zhou,&nbsp;Yuanmiaoliang Chen,&nbsp;Hanqing Fan,&nbsp;N. A. Sreejith,&nbsp;Hariswaran Sitaraman,&nbsp;Marc Day,&nbsp;Ying Li,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. McCutcheon,&nbsp;Menachem Elimelech,&nbsp;Sina Shahbazmohamadi* and Eric M. V. Hoek*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00529","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are essential for desalination and water reuse, yet their permeability declines in high-pressure applications due to membrane compaction. This study investigates the structural and functional responses of commercial brackish, seawater, and high-pressure RO membranes at applied pressures up to 120 bar using a multiscale, nondestructive <i>in operando</i> scanning electron microscopy (<i>i</i>SEM) imaging platform. The <i>i</i>SEM technique reveals progressive densification across the composite membrane structure, which correlates with observed declines in water and solute permeance. To quantify these structural changes with greater fidelity, we combined X-ray computed tomography with AI-based segmentation enabling precise analysis of pore size distribution and thickness of the polysulfone support layer. Compared to traditional thresholding, AI segmentation accurately delineates material phases and void spaces, enhancing the reproducibility and resolution of morphological assessments. The results demonstrate that compaction-induced reductions in porosity and thickness strongly impact membrane transport properties. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the compaction behavior of RO membranes and underscore the potential for advanced imaging and AI-driven data analysis to guide the design of next-generation membranes with improved mechanical resilience and operational longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"12 8","pages":"1069–1074"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Reusable Feminine Hygiene Products","authors":"Alyssa Wicks,&nbsp;Sydney Brady,&nbsp;Heather D. Whitehead,&nbsp;Thomas Hedman,&nbsp;Alison Zachritz,&nbsp;Marta Venier and Graham F. Peaslee*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00553","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Personal care products, such as cosmetics, have received attention for containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), yet limited information is known on the PFAS content in reusable feminine hygiene products, both in the United States and abroad. In this study, 59 reusable feminine hygiene products across five product categories first underwent total fluorine screening via particle-induced gamma-ray emission spectroscopy. Period underwear and reusable pads had the greatest rates of intentional PFAS use (&gt;110 ppm total fluorine) at 33% and 25%, respectively. Subsequently, 19 of these products were chosen for targeted analysis of 31 ionic and 11 neutral PFAS. PFAS were detected in 100% of the extracted products, with 6:2 and 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohols being the most abundant compounds. Tested products were sourced from multiple markets, including North America, South America and Europe, all of which had at least one item with levels consistent with intentional fluorination. The observation of at least one product in each tested category not containing intentional fluorine indicates that PFAS use is unnecessary in all these reusable products. The results of this small initial survey, together with limited knowledge of the dermal absorption of PFAS, suggest more comprehensive PFAS exposure studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"12 8","pages":"924–929"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Evidence on the Penetration Efficiencies of Parent Neonicotinoids and Their Metabolites across the Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier","authors":"Ruyun Liu,&nbsp;Jun Shang,&nbsp;Ke Gao*,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Shiyuan Wang and Liping Lu,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00558","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The ability of exogenous compounds to cross the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) is a crucial factor in evaluating their potential neurotoxic risks. To date, limited research has reported the presence of parent neonicotinoids (p-NEOs) and metabolite NEOs (m-NEOs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), not to mention their penetration efficiencies across BCSFB. Nine p-NEOs and 5 m-NEOs were measured in 159 paired serum and CSF samples. Seven p-NEOs and 5 m-NEOs were frequently detected in serum (median of 0.030–0.295 ng/mL), while 5 p-NEOs and 5 m-NEOs were commonly found in CSF (median of 0.032–0.283 ng/mL). Notably, concentrations of imidacloprid-olefin and acetamiprid-<i>N</i>-desmethyl exceeded those of imidacloprid (IMI) and acetamiprid (ACE), indicating that IMI and ACE predominantly existed as metabolites. The ratios (<i>R</i>_CSF/serum) of NEO concentrations in CSF to those in paired serum were used to estimate penetration efficiencies across BCSFB. Their <i>R</i>_CSF/serum (median of 0.468–0.992) were positively correlated with log <i>P</i> (<i>r</i> = 0.673, <i>p</i> = 0.033) while negatively correlated with water solubility (<i>r</i> = −0.745, <i>p</i> = 0.013), highlighting lipophilicity as a principal factor influencing BCSFB penetration. Additionally, <i>R</i>_CSF/serum was significantly correlated with white blood cell count in CSF. This study provided a unique delineation of differential behaviors of p-NEOs and m-NEOs in crossing BCSFB, offering a novel perspective on their neurotoxic risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"12 8","pages":"930–936"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}