Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0013
T. Woollings
{"title":"Drivers","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces some of the key factors which are suspected to influence the Atlantic jet, and so are potentially predictable drivers of jet variability. This includes factors we have already met, such as El Niño and other patterns of ocean temperatures. Several other possible drivers act via the stratosphere, so a more detailed picture is provided of this layer of the upper atmosphere and how changes in its wind patterns can affect the jet stream below.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124806993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0003
T. Woollings
{"title":"Spin","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of Earth’s rotation on the winds is developed more generally, outlining the key discoveries of Foucault, Coriolis and Ferrel. This shows how the characteristics of weather systems are shaped by the planetary rotation, and central concepts of fluid dynamics are introduced to describe this. The discussion of how the resulting Atlantic wind patterns shaped centuries of shipping, including the infamous slave trade, is concluded.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128287366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0002
T. Woollings
{"title":"Trades","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on understanding the trade winds in the tropical Atlantic. A historical approach is taken, starting from ancient Greek and Chinese theories of wind and then discussing various later theories proposed after European exploration of the Atlantic brought the trade winds into focus. The essentially correct description was provided by George Hadley in 1735, based on the concept of momentum conservation. This chapter hence introduces crucial effects of Earth’s rotation on the atmosphere and provides an overview of tropical Atlantic wind patterns.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129695067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0005
T. Woollings
{"title":"Waves","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter opens with a description of severe weather events which occurred across Asia in the summer of 2010. These events were linked in atmospheric physics by a Rossby wave, which causes the jet stream to meander north and south. The concept of vorticity is introduced in order to give a basic understanding of Rossby waves. Some characteristics of the jet stream over Asia are also discussed, such as how it changes with the seasons.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132215514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0006
T. Woollings
{"title":"Storm","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the history of the jet stream is given here, such as its early identification from Japan using an ingenious system of balloons and the importance of strong, high-altitude winds that emerged during the Second World War. The chapter also discusses mid-latitude cyclones in more detail, covering some of the key historical developments and physical concepts as well as outlining the characteristic structure of these storms.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132671737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0004
T. Woollings
{"title":"Contrasts","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the Hadley cell on regional climate is explored, in particular the dry subtropical regions where many of the world’s deserts are to be found, and the equatorial region frequented by deluges and floods. Some effects of friction in fluid dynamics are considered, which explain the rich fishing waters off the west African coast. Our discussion of the key balances in atmospheric fluid dynamics is completed, with links to the flow of energy through the atmosphere and oceans. The chapter concludes with the example of the North African Sahel, a region where dramatic swings in climate have had severe impacts on humanity.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121950059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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