Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0007
T. Woollings
{"title":"Tracks","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter centres around a set of severe storms in November 2002 which began in the Pacific and then spread across North America and the Atlantic, leaving a trail of devastation behind them. It discusses how cyclones like these are grouped into storm tracks, and how they have a profound effect on wind patterns from the jet stream down the to surface and even the circulation of the ocean below.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131622515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0011
T. Woollings
{"title":"Gulf","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the reasons for Europe’s mild winter climate, including discussion of the history and physics of the Gulf Stream and other ocean currents. The atmospheric jet stream plays a central role, however, in setting up prevailing winds which bring warm air from further south, as was first realised by James Glaisher in early adventurous balloon trips above Victorian England.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116288623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0017
T. Woollings
{"title":"Confession","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"The book ends with a discussion of different viewpoints in fluid dynamics and the complexity of flow trajectories in the atmosphere. A final analogy for the jet stream is given which highlights that it is not quite as simple as the ‘river of air’ image that is often used.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115648133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0016
T. Woollings
{"title":"Changes","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Many aspects of climate change predicted by scientists are already appearing, with the structure and rate of warming generally proceeding as anticipated. But changes in wind patterns and circulation features such as the jet stream are much more uncertain. While the thermodynamic consequences of climate change have strongly affected the risk of several recent extreme weather events, we are only just starting to see hints of emerging dynamical changes to the jet stream.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115388157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0010
T. Woollings
{"title":"Mountains","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"The jet stream hits the Rocky Mountains and is strongly affected by them. Arguments of fluid dynamics show how a semi-permanent anticyclone is formed over the mountains, and then a stationary Rossby wave train follows downstream. This extends across North America and beyond, with profound consequences for regional climate, for example allowing frequent surges of cold, Arctic air down over eastern North America. A brief discussion also considers how the jet stream may have differed in climates of the distant past.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121527276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0009
T. Woollings
{"title":"Niño","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"El Niño events are the most powerful of natural climate variations, rearranging weather patterns around the world and triggering countless extreme events. This chapter gives an overview of El Niño, its history and its physics, including its important effect on the Pacific jet stream. El Niño is the main source of information for the science of seasonal forecasting, which is also introduced here.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131621510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0008
T. Woollings
{"title":"Experiments","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Our understanding of the jet stream has been built on many novel experiments, some with fluids in tanks in the laboratory and some on computers. This chapter gives an overview of some of these, starting from the early lab models of Dave Fultz in the years following the Second World War. This reveals the upiquity of jet streams in rotating fluid dynamics, from the oceans up to the atmospheres of distant planets.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117303769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0001
T. Woollings
{"title":"Launch","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This introduction sets the scene for the book, motivating the main storyline. It also introduces a few general concepts, such as the vertical structure of the atmosphere and the system of observations which are used to provide starting conditions for weather forecasts. Some aspects of Caribbean climate are discussed, and the chapter gives a basic description of the jet stream.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126130497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0012
T. Woollings
{"title":"Split","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Over the North Atlantic the eddy-driven jet stream finally separates from the subtropical jet, forming a split jet structure. Free from the steady influence of the Hadley cell, the northern jet is highly variable and its shifts and meanders affect weather and climate patterns around much of the hemisphere. This chapter introduces the North Atlantic Oscillation, the dominant pattern of jet variability, giving an overview of its history and impacts.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131547078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jet StreamPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0014
T. Woollings
{"title":"Exit","authors":"T. Woollings","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828518.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"We have reached the end of the jet stream spiral and the jet exit over Europe. This chapter describes some of the jet-related phenomena here, such as occasional extreme cyclones. The prevailing westerly winds driven by the jet stream help to support Europe’s thriving wind power industry. Blocking events are discussed, which bring disruptive easterly winds and are often linked to heatwaves in summer but also cold snaps in winter.","PeriodicalId":379991,"journal":{"name":"Jet Stream","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121017120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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