Future Internet最新文献_第5页

The Multiband over Spatial Division Multiplexing Sliceable Transceiver for Future Optical Networks 面向未来光网络的多频带空间分复用可分片收发器

IF 3.4

Future Internet Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.3390/fi15120381

L. Nadal, Mumtaz Ali, F. J. Vílchez, J. Fabrega, M. Svaluto Moreolo

{"title":"The Multiband over Spatial Division Multiplexing Sliceable Transceiver for Future Optical Networks","authors":"L. Nadal, Mumtaz Ali, F. J. Vílchez, J. Fabrega, M. Svaluto Moreolo","doi":"10.3390/fi15120381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15120381","url":null,"abstract":"In the last 15 years, global data traffic has been doubling approximately every 2–3 years, and there is a strong indication that this pattern will persist. Hence, also driven by the emergence of new applications and services expected within the 6G era, new transmission systems and technologies should be investigated to enhance network capacity and achieve increased bandwidth, improved spectral efficiency, and greater flexibility to effectively accommodate all the expected data traffic. In this paper, an innovative transmission solution based on multiband (MB) over spatial division multiplexing (SDM) sliceable bandwidth/bitrate variable transceiver (S-BVT) is implemented and assessed in relation to the provision of sustainable capacity scaling. MB transmission (S+C+L) over 25.4 km of 19-cores multicore fibre (MCF) is experimentally assessed and demonstrated achieving an aggregated capacity of 119.1 Gb/s at 4.62×10−3 bit error rate (BER). The proposed modular sliceable transceiver architecture arises as a suitable option towards achieving 500 Tb/s per fibre transmission, by further enabling more slices covering all the available S+C+L spectra and the 19 cores of the MCF.","PeriodicalId":37982,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extended Reality (XR) Engines for Developing Gamified Apps and Serious Games: A Scoping Review 用于开发游戏化应用程序和严肃游戏的扩展现实（XR）引擎：范围审查

IF 3.4

Future Internet Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.3390/fi15120379

Humberto Marín-Vega, G. Alor-Hernández, Maritza Bustos-López, Ignacio López-Martínez, Norma Leticia Hernández-Chaparro

{"title":"Extended Reality (XR) Engines for Developing Gamified Apps and Serious Games: A Scoping Review","authors":"Humberto Marín-Vega, G. Alor-Hernández, Maritza Bustos-López, Ignacio López-Martínez, Norma Leticia Hernández-Chaparro","doi":"10.3390/fi15120379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15120379","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Reality (XR) is an emerging technology that enables enhanced interaction between the real world and virtual environments. In this study, we conduct a scoping review of XR engines for developing gamified apps and serious games. Our study revolves around four aspects: (1) existing XR game engines, (2) their primary features, (3) supported serious game attributes, and (4) supported learning activities. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model to conduct the scoping review, which included 40 primary studies published between 2019 and 2023. Our findings help us understand how current XR engines support the development of XR-enriched serious games and gamified apps for specific learning activities. Additionally, based on our findings, we suggest a set of pre-established game attributes that could be commonly supported by all XR game engines across the different game categories proposed by Lameras. Hence, this scoping review can help developers (1) select important game attributes for their new games and (2) choose the game engine that provides the most support to these attributes.","PeriodicalId":37982,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of Blockchain Tokens Creation and Valuation 区块链代币创建与估值回顾

IF 3.4

Future Internet Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.3390/fi15120382

Oana Marin, T. Cioara, Liana Toderean, D. Mitrea, I. Anghel

{"title":"Review of Blockchain Tokens Creation and Valuation","authors":"Oana Marin, T. Cioara, Liana Toderean, D. Mitrea, I. Anghel","doi":"10.3390/fi15120382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15120382","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain and tokens are relatively new research areas insufficiently explored from both technical and economic perspectives. Even though tokens provide benefits such as easier market access, increased liquidity, lower transaction costs, and automated transactional process, their valuation and price determination are still challenging due to factors such as a lack of intrinsic value, volatility, and regulation making trading risky. In this paper, we address this knowledge gap by reviewing the existing literature on token creation and valuation to identify and document the factors affecting their valuation, investment, and founding, as well as the most promising domains of applicability. The study follows the PRISMA methodology and uses the Web of Science database, defining clear research questions and objective inclusion criteria for the articles. We discuss token technical development, including creating, issuing, and managing tokens on an Ethereum blockchain using smart contracts. The study revealed several key factors that significantly impact the field of tokenomics: demand and supply, social incentives, market conditions, macroeconomics, collective behavior, speculation, and inclusion in index funds. The most relevant use cases of blockchain and tokens are related to the digitization of virtual and physical assets, accountability, and traceability usual in smart grids or supply chains management, social governance, and art and gamification including metaverse.","PeriodicalId":37982,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Statistical Model Checking in Process Mining: A Comprehensive Approach to Analyse Stochastic Processes 过程挖掘中的统计模型检查：分析随机过程的综合方法

IF 3.4

Future Internet Pub Date : 2023-11-26 DOI: 10.3390/fi15120378

Fawad Ali Mangi, Guoxin Su, Minjie Zhang

{"title":"Statistical Model Checking in Process Mining: A Comprehensive Approach to Analyse Stochastic Processes","authors":"Fawad Ali Mangi, Guoxin Su, Minjie Zhang","doi":"10.3390/fi15120378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15120378","url":null,"abstract":"The study of business process analysis and optimisation has attracted significant scholarly interest in the recent past, due to its integral role in boosting organisational performance. A specific area of focus within this broader research field is process mining (PM). Its purpose is to extract knowledge and insights from event logs maintained by information systems, thereby discovering process models and identifying process-related issues. On the other hand, statistical model checking (SMC) is a verification technique used to analyse and validate properties of stochastic systems that employs statistical methods and random sampling to estimate the likelihood of a property being satisfied. In a seamless business setting, it is essential to validate and verify process models. The objective of this paper is to apply the SMC technique in process mining for the verification and validation of process models with stochastic behaviour and large state space, where probabilistic model checking is not feasible. We propose a novel methodology in this research direction that integrates SMC and PM by formally modelling discovered and replayed process models and apply statistical methods to estimate the results. The methodology facilitates an automated and proficient evaluation of the extent to which a process model aligns with user requirements and assists in selecting the optimal model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology with a case study of a loan application process performed in a financial institution that deals with loan applications submitted by customers. The case study highlights our methodology’s capability to identify the performance constraints of various process models and aid enhancement efforts.","PeriodicalId":37982,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139235608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

User Association Performance Trade-Offs in Integrated RF/mmWave/THz Communications 集成射频/毫米波/太赫兹通信中的用户关联性能权衡

IF 3.4

Future Internet Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.3390/fi15120376

Noha Hassan, Xavier Fernando, Isaac Woungang, A. Anpalagan

{"title":"User Association Performance Trade-Offs in Integrated RF/mmWave/THz Communications","authors":"Noha Hassan, Xavier Fernando, Isaac Woungang, A. Anpalagan","doi":"10.3390/fi15120376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15120376","url":null,"abstract":"In combination with the expected traffic avalanche foreseen for the next decade, solutions supporting energy-efficient, scalable and flexible network operations are essential. Considering the myriad of user case requirements, THz and mmW bands will play key roles in 6G networks. While mmW is known for short-rate LOS connections, THz transmission is subjected to even severe propagation losses, resulting in very short-range connections. In this context, we evaluate a dynamic multi-band user association algorithm to optimize connectivity in coexisting RF/mmW/THz networks. The algorithm periodically calculates association scores for each user–base station pair based on real-time channel conditions across bands, accounting for factors like signal strength, link blockage risk and noise. It then reassociates users in batches to balance loads while considering user priorities and network conditions. We simulate the algorithm’s performance within a realistic propagation model, where high path loss, molecular absorption, blockage, and narrow beam widths contribute to lower coverage at higher frequencies. Results demonstrate the algorithm’s ability to efficiently utilize network resources across diverse operating environments. In addition, our results show that the choice of frequency band depends on the specific requirements of the application, the environment, and the trade-offs between coverage distance, capacity, and interference conditions.","PeriodicalId":37982,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":"2015 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Empowering Digital Twin for Future Networks with Graph Neural Networks: Overview, Enabling Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities 利用图神经网络为未来网络的数字双胞胎赋能：概述、赋能技术、挑战和机遇

IF 3.4

Future Internet Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.3390/fi15120377

D. Ngo, Ons Aouedi, Kandaraj Piamrat, Thomas Hassan, Philippe Raipin-Parvédy

{"title":"Empowering Digital Twin for Future Networks with Graph Neural Networks: Overview, Enabling Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities","authors":"D. Ngo, Ons Aouedi, Kandaraj Piamrat, Thomas Hassan, Philippe Raipin-Parvédy","doi":"10.3390/fi15120377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15120377","url":null,"abstract":"As the complexity and scale of modern networks continue to grow, the need for efficient, secure management, and optimization becomes increasingly vital. Digital twin (DT) technology has emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges by providing a virtual representation of the physical network, enabling analysis, diagnosis, emulation, and control. The emergence of Software-defined network (SDN) has facilitated a holistic view of the network topology, enabling the use of Graph neural network (GNN) as a data-driven technique to solve diverse problems in future networks. This survey explores the intersection of GNNs and Network digital twins (NDTs), providing an overview of their applications, enabling technologies, challenges, and opportunities. We discuss how GNNs and NDTs can be leveraged to improve network performance, optimize routing, enable network slicing, and enhance security in future networks. Additionally, we highlight certain advantages of incorporating GNNs into NDTs and present two case studies. Finally, we address the key challenges and promising directions in the field, aiming to inspire further advancements and foster innovation in GNN-based NDTs for future networks.","PeriodicalId":37982,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Structured Narrative Prompt for Prompting Narratives from Large Language Models: Sentiment Assessment of ChatGPT-Generated Narratives and Real Tweets 用于从大型语言模型中提示叙述的结构化叙述提示：ChatGPT 生成的叙述和真实推文的情感评估

IF 3.4

Future Internet Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.3390/fi15120375

Christopher J Lynch, Erik J. Jensen, Virginia Zamponi, Kevin O’Brien, Erika F. Frydenlund, Ross Gore

{"title":"A Structured Narrative Prompt for Prompting Narratives from Large Language Models: Sentiment Assessment of ChatGPT-Generated Narratives and Real Tweets","authors":"Christopher J Lynch, Erik J. Jensen, Virginia Zamponi, Kevin O’Brien, Erika F. Frydenlund, Ross Gore","doi":"10.3390/fi15120375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15120375","url":null,"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) excel in providing natural language responses that sound authoritative, reflect knowledge of the context area, and can present from a range of varied perspectives. Agent-based models and simulations consist of simulated agents that interact within a simulated environment to explore societal, social, and ethical, among other, problems. Simulated agents generate large volumes of data and discerning useful and relevant content is an onerous task. LLMs can help in communicating agents’ perspectives on key life events by providing natural language narratives. However, these narratives should be factual, transparent, and reproducible. Therefore, we present a structured narrative prompt for sending queries to LLMs, we experiment with the narrative generation process using OpenAI’s ChatGPT, and we assess statistically significant differences across 11 Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) sentiment levels between the generated narratives and real tweets using chi-squared tests and Fisher’s exact tests. The narrative prompt structure effectively yields narratives with the desired components from ChatGPT. In four out of forty-four categories, ChatGPT generated narratives which have sentiment scores that were not discernibly different, in terms of statistical significance (alpha level α=0.05), from the sentiment expressed in real tweets. Three outcomes are provided: (1) a list of benefits and challenges for LLMs in narrative generation; (2) a structured prompt for requesting narratives of an LLM chatbot based on simulated agents’ information; (3) an assessment of statistical significance in the sentiment prevalence of the generated narratives compared to real tweets. This indicates significant promise in the utilization of LLMs for helping to connect a simulated agent’s experiences with real people.","PeriodicalId":37982,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":"78 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Artificial Neural Network Autoencoder for Insider Cyber Security Threat Detection 用于内部网络安全威胁检测的人工神经网络自动编码器

IF 3.4

Future Internet Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.3390/fi15120373

Karthikeyan Saminathan, Sai Tharun Reddy Mulka, Sangeetha Damodharan, Rajagopal Maheswar, J. Lorincz

{"title":"An Artificial Neural Network Autoencoder for Insider Cyber Security Threat Detection","authors":"Karthikeyan Saminathan, Sai Tharun Reddy Mulka, Sangeetha Damodharan, Rajagopal Maheswar, J. Lorincz","doi":"10.3390/fi15120373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15120373","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic made all organizations and enterprises work on cloud platforms from home, which greatly facilitates cyberattacks. Employees who work remotely and use cloud-based platforms are chosen as targets for cyberattacks. For that reason, cyber security is a more concerning issue and is now incorporated into almost every smart gadget and has become a prerequisite in every software product and service. There are various mitigations for external cyber security attacks, but hardly any for insider security threats, as they are difficult to detect and mitigate. Thus, insider cyber security threat detection has become a serious concern in recent years. Hence, this paper proposes an unsupervised deep learning approach that employs an artificial neural network (ANN)-based autoencoder to detect anomalies in an insider cyber security attack scenario. The proposed approach analyzes the behavior of the patterns of users and machines for anomalies and sends an alert based on a set security threshold. The threshold value set for security detection is calculated based on reconstruction errors that are obtained through testing the normal data. When the proposed model reconstructs the user behavior without generating sufficient reconstruction errors, i.e., no more than the threshold, the user is flagged as normal; otherwise, it is flagged as a security intruder. The proposed approach performed well, with an accuracy of 94.3% for security threat detection, a false positive rate of 11.1%, and a precision of 89.1%. From the obtained experimental results, it was found that the proposed method for insider security threat detection outperforms the existing methods in terms of performance reliability, due to implementation of ANN-based autoencoder which uses a larger number of features in the process of security threat detection.","PeriodicalId":37982,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":"84 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diff-SwinT: An Integrated Framework of Diffusion Model and Swin Transformer for Radar Jamming Recognition Diff-SwinT：用于雷达干扰识别的扩散模型与斯温变换器集成框架

IF 3.4

Future Internet Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.3390/fi15120374

Minghui Sha, Dewu Wang, Fei Meng, Wenyan Wang, Yu Han

{"title":"Diff-SwinT: An Integrated Framework of Diffusion Model and Swin Transformer for Radar Jamming Recognition","authors":"Minghui Sha, Dewu Wang, Fei Meng, Wenyan Wang, Yu Han","doi":"10.3390/fi15120374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15120374","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing complexity of radar jamming threats, accurate and automatic jamming recognition is essential but remains challenging. Conventional algorithms often suffer from sharply decreased recognition accuracy under low jamming-to-noise ratios (JNR).Artificial intelligence-based jamming signal recognition is currently the main research directions for this issue. This paper proposes a new radar jamming recognition framework called Diff-SwinT. Firstly, the time-frequency representations of jamming signals are generated using Choi-Williams distribution. Then, a diffusion model with U-Net backbone is trained by adding Gaussian noise in the forward process and reconstructing in the reverse process, obtaining an inverse diffusion model with denoising capability. Next, Swin Transformer extracts hierarchical multi-scale features from the denoised time-frequency plots, and the features are fed into linear layers for classification. Experiments show that compared to using Swin Transformer, the proposed framework improves overall accuracy by 15% to 10% at JNR from −16 dB to −8 dB, demonstrating the efficacy of diffusion-based denoising in enhancing model robustness. Compared to VGG-based and feature-fusion-based recognition methods, the proposed framework has over 27% overall accuracy advantage under JNR from −16 dB to −8 dB. This integrated approach significantly enhances intelligent radar jamming recognition capability in complex environments.","PeriodicalId":37982,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IoT-Based Object-Detection System to Safeguard Endangered Animals and Bolster Agricultural Farm Security 基于物联网的物体检测系统，保护濒危动物，加强农场安全

IF 3.4

Future Internet Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.3390/fi15120372

Mohaimenul Azam Khan Raiaan, Nur Mohammad Fahad, Shovan Chowdhury, Debopom Sutradhar, Saadman Sakib Mihad, Md. Motaharul Islam

{"title":"IoT-Based Object-Detection System to Safeguard Endangered Animals and Bolster Agricultural Farm Security","authors":"Mohaimenul Azam Khan Raiaan, Nur Mohammad Fahad, Shovan Chowdhury, Debopom Sutradhar, Saadman Sakib Mihad, Md. Motaharul Islam","doi":"10.3390/fi15120372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15120372","url":null,"abstract":"Significant threats to ecological equilibrium and sustainable agriculture are posed by the extinction of animal species and the subsequent effects on farms. Farmers face difficult decisions, such as installing electric fences to protect their farms, although these measures can harm animals essential for maintaining ecological equilibrium. To tackle these essential issues, our research introduces an innovative solution in the form of an object-detection system. In this research, we designed and implemented a system that leverages the ESP32-CAM platform in conjunction with the YOLOv8 object-detection model. Our proposed system aims to identify endangered species and harmful animals within farming environments, providing real-time alerts to farmers and endangered wildlife by integrating a cloud-based alert system. To train the YOLOv8 model effectively, we meticulously compiled diverse image datasets featuring these animals in agricultural settings, subsequently annotating them. After that, we tuned the hyperparameter of the YOLOv8 model to enhance the performance of the model. The results from our optimized YOLOv8 model are auspicious. It achieves a remarkable mean average precision (mAP) of 92.44% and an impressive sensitivity rate of 96.65% on an unseen test dataset, firmly establishing its efficacy. After achieving an optimal result, we employed the model in our IoT system and when the system detects the presence of these animals, it immediately activates an audible buzzer. Additionally, a cloud-based system was utilized to notify neighboring farmers effectively and alert animals to potential danger. This research’s significance lies in its potential to drive the conservation of endangered species while simultaneously mitigating the agricultural damage inflicted by these animals.","PeriodicalId":37982,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0