Czech Polar Reports最新文献_第6页

Seabirds of human settlements in Antarctica: A case study of the Mirny Station 南极人类住区的海鸟:以米尼站为例

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-1-8

S. Golubev

{"title":"Seabirds of human settlements in Antarctica: A case study of the Mirny Station","authors":"S. Golubev","doi":"10.5817/cpr2021-1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2021-1-8","url":null,"abstract":"Antarctica is free of urbanisation, however, 40 year-round and 32 seasonal Antarctic stations operate there. The effects of such human settlements on Antarctic wildlife are insufficiently studied. The main aim of this study was to determine the organization of the bird population of the Mirny Station. The birds were observed on the coast of the Davis Sea in the Mirny (East Antarctica) from January 8, 2012 to January 7, 2013 and from January 9, 2015 to January 9, 2016. The observations were carried out mainly on the Radio and Komsomolsky nunataks (an area of about 0.5 km). The duration of observations varied from 1 to 8 hours per day. From 1956 to 2016, 13 non-breeding bird species (orders Sphenisciformes, Procellariiformes, Charadriiformes) were recorded in the Mirny. The South polar skuas (Catharacta maccormicki) and Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) form the basis of the bird population. South polar skuas are most frequently recorded at the station. Less common are Brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) and Adélie penguins. Adélie penguins, Wilson's storm petrels (Oceanites oceanicus), South polar and Brown skuas are seasonal residents, the other species are visitors. Adélie penguins, Emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri), Macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica), Wilson's storm petrels, South polar and Brown skuas interacted with the station environment, using it for comfortable behavior, feeding, molting, shelter from bad weather conditions, and possible breeding. South polar and Brown skuas tend to be attracted to the station, while other Antarctic bird species are indifferent to humans. Birds spend part of the annual cycle at the station or visit it with different frequency, but they cannot meet their ecological needs there all year round. The study improves our understanding of the regularities of the phenomenon of urbanization of the avifauna in the polar regions of the planet Earth.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71342097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Combined chlorophyll fluorescence techniques to study environmental impact on the mountain moss Polytrichum commune 结合叶绿素荧光技术研究山地苔藓群落的环境影响

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-1-12

Gabriella Nora Maria Giudici

{"title":"Combined chlorophyll fluorescence techniques to study environmental impact on the mountain moss Polytrichum commune","authors":"Gabriella Nora Maria Giudici","doi":"10.5817/cpr2021-1-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2021-1-12","url":null,"abstract":"Two chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) methods were used to study the effects of high light (photoinhibition) and dehydration, common stressors of the alpine environment, on primary photosynthetic processes in the moss Polytrichum commune from the Czech Republic, the Jeseníky Mountains. Photoinhibition (PI) was studied in fully hydrated thalli of P. commune and during the period of spontaneous desiccation. Time courses of Kautsky kinetics (KK) of ChlF and derived parameters: maximum quantum yield (FV/FM), effective quantum yeld (ΦPSII), and non-photochemical quenching parameters, were measured before and after the samples were treated with high light (1500 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR) for 60 min. Dehydration effects were tested in two sets of experiments with a Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation fluorometry (PAM) and Fast Chlorophyll Fluorescence induction curve (OJIP) techniques. In PAM tests, the desiccating samples were exposed to saturating light pulses every 10 min. in order to obtain ΦPSII and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). In the second dehydration experiment, OJIP transients of ChlF were repeatedly recorded, OJIP-derived ChlF parameters were plotted against relative water content (RWC) monitored during desiccation. Combined ChF techniques provided insights into the mechanisms activated during P. commune desiccation, such as dissipation of excess absorbed energy through heat dissipation, and conformational changes or destructions of the light harvesting complexes. Combination of stressors resulted in amplified interference with the photosynthetic machinery, even when the added stressor (dehydration) was applied in low dose.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71342371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Assessment of long-term changes in the surface air temperature from the High Arctic archipelago Franz Joseph Land from 1929 to the present (2017) 1929年至今(2017)北极高纬度群岛弗朗茨约瑟夫地地表气温长期变化评估

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-1-9

Boris Ivanov, Tatiana Karandasheva, V. Demin, Anastasiia Revina, P. Sviashchennikov, K. Isaksen, Eirik J. Frland, Yvind Nordli, H. M. Gjelten

{"title":"Assessment of long-term changes in the surface air temperature from the High Arctic archipelago Franz Joseph Land from 1929 to the present (2017)","authors":"Boris Ivanov, Tatiana Karandasheva, V. Demin, Anastasiia Revina, P. Sviashchennikov, K. Isaksen, Eirik J. Frland, Yvind Nordli, H. M. Gjelten","doi":"10.5817/cpr2021-1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2021-1-9","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic archives of data from standard meteorological observations (mean daily/monthly surface air temperatures - SAT) at the meteorological stations at Bukhta Tikhaya (Hooker Island, 1929-1960) and Krenkel Observatory (Hayes Island, 1957-2017) on Franz Josef Land (FJL) are presented. Parallel data series of SAT made in 1958 and 1959 on both meteorological stations were analyzed. Linear regression equations used for extrapolation of observational data representative for Krenkel Observatory for the period 1929-1957 are also presented. The assessment of long-term changes in SAT on FJL was carried out based on the analysis of the obtained series (1929-2017). The main conclusions that follow from our study are: (1) The total warming in the FJL archipelago was 1.6-1.8°C (0.2°C/decade) for the entire available period of instrumental observations (1929-2017); (2) The highest rates of warming were recorded in March-April and amounted to 0.6°C/decade; (3) A particular strong warming has been observed since the 1990s. The annual temperature increased by 6.3°C (2.2°C/decade) for the period 1990-2017 and 5.2°C (2.9°C/decade) for the period 2000-2017; (4) For the period 1990-2017 the maximum rate of warming occurred between October to February with 4.4°C/decade; (5) For the period 2000-2017 the maximum rate of warming occurred between January to April and from November to December with 5.6°C/decade; (6) The dominant seasons of the year are winter (November-April), spring (May), summer (June-September) and autumn (October); (7) Over the entire observation period the largest temperature increase was observed in the winter season. During the period of modern warming (1990-2017), the largest temperature increase was observed in winter and autumn.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71342144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The thermal impact of tourism on a Svalbard glacier cave (Short Communication) 旅游对斯瓦尔巴群岛冰洞的热影响(短讯)

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-1-11

A. Alexander

引用次数: 0

The drag effect of air bubbles on triple junction migration of pure ice 气泡对纯冰三结迁移的阻力效应

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-1-7

P. I. Achával, C. L. Di Prinzio

引用次数: 0

Quasi real-time electromagnetic and greenhouse gases monitoring station at Seymour - Marambio Island, Antarctica 南极洲西摩-马拉比奥岛的准实时电磁和温室气体监测站

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2021-1-1

J. Solano, C. Vargas, A. Gulisano

{"title":"Quasi real-time electromagnetic and greenhouse gases monitoring station at Seymour - Marambio Island, Antarctica","authors":"J. Solano, C. Vargas, A. Gulisano","doi":"10.5817/cpr2021-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2021-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"A new permanent geophysical station was installed in the Seymour-Marambio Island, Antarctica, for monitoring electromagnetic, CO2, and CH4 gas signals. Those signals require specialized low noise instruments and the survey shall be carried out in places far away from cultural noise, such as populated human settlements. The most suitable place would be near the Earth's poles, where noise is the lowest possible. To measure these variables, the Geophysical Instrumentation Laboratory (Laboratorio de Instrumentación Geofísica - LIG) of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, in a partnership with the Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA) under the Argentinean National Antarctic Direction (Dirección Nacional del Antártico - DNA), deployed the COCOAonMEAT project, oriented to design, built and install a low-cost station with time synchronization via GPS and data transmission in almost real-time. Since January 2020, the project monitors continuously (24/7) seven variables: three magnetic components, two electric dipoles, methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. Due to operative facilities and its low electromagnetic noise, the place chosen for its installation was the Argentinean Marambio Scientific Base in the Antarctic Peninsula, with the Multidisciplinary Antarctic Laboratory's collaboration (Laboratorio Multidisciplinario Antártico en la Base Marambio - LAMBI). This station provides valuable information on electromagnetic signals and greenhouse gases related to regional tectonic activity and local perturbations associated with global climate change.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"312 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71342488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oceanographic features of the Indian Ocean sector of Coastal Antarctica (Short Communication) 南极洲沿海印度洋地区的海洋学特征（短通信）

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2020-08-07 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2020-1-10

A. J. Luis

引用次数: 0

The pigment complex and photosynthetic activity in the annual cycle of Polytrichum commune in the forest belt of the Khibiny Mountains on the Kola Peninsula of Russia 俄罗斯科拉半岛Khibiny山脉林带Polytrichum群落年周期中的色素复合体和光合活性

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2020-08-07 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2020-1-4

N. Y. Shmakova, O. Ermolaeva

{"title":"The pigment complex and photosynthetic activity in the annual cycle of Polytrichum commune in the forest belt of the Khibiny Mountains on the Kola Peninsula of Russia","authors":"N. Y. Shmakova, O. Ermolaeva","doi":"10.5817/cpr2020-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2020-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents data on the content and ratio of pigments, photosynthesis rate, and assimilation number throughout the annual cycle of Polytrichum commune in the forest belt of the Khibiny Mountains. It is shown that the activity of the pigment complex in the photosynthetic organs of P. commune is preserved and maintained over 2 years. The highest content of plastid pigments in this year’s shoots was recorded in fall, in the past year’s shoots in the summer. In winter, the content of chlorophylls in the photosynthetic organs of this year’s shoots decreased in 1.5 times relative to the summer maximum, and carotenoids - in 1.4 times. In the past year’s shoots, no significant changes in the content of the pigments were noted. During the active vegetation period, the photosynthetic intensity in this year’s shoots is in 1.5 times as high as that in the past year’s shoots. At the end of the growing season in the past year’s shoots the value of LHC (76%) due to their immersion deep into the moss clumps and shading them with this year’s shoots. Chlorophyll’s efficiency (assimilation number) in P. commune shoots of different ages in early spring (April) is in 2 times as high as that in fall (October).","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"37-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43011705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The effects of changing environment and human activities on the Arctic: Drivers and challenges in Svalbard (Short Communication) 变化的环境和人类活动对北极的影响:斯瓦尔巴群岛的驱动因素和挑战(简短通讯)

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2020-08-07 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2020-1-8

Barbora Padrtová

{"title":"The effects of changing environment and human activities on the Arctic: Drivers and challenges in Svalbard (Short Communication)","authors":"Barbora Padrtová","doi":"10.5817/cpr2020-1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2020-1-8","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change brings several layers of challenges to the Arctic. On the one hand, we can observe increased human activities that create potential for economic development – especially in mining, oil and gas industry, shipping, fisheries and tourism. On the other hand, these economic benefits pose a risk to the environment, local populations and traditional livelihood of the Indigenous peoples. In the following three years (2020-2022), recently established interdisciplinary team investigates the impact of climate change and human activities on natural environment in the Arctic. The team is composed of eight scientists with different specialization from three faculties of the Masaryk University – Faculty of Social Studies, Faculty of Science, and Faculty of Law. The research focuses on both the challenges and risk assessment in terrestrial ecosystems. The relation of natural environment changes to the human-to-environment interaction is investigated, as well as the consequences for the geopolitical, legal and security developments in the Arctic region. Based on gained findings, risks analysis and recommendations for mitigating the impact of environmental changes on the natural environment and population in the specific Arctic territories will be done. The research directly contributes to encouraging interdisciplinary innovative approach with high added value and international impact. These innovative aspects of the project lie in the interdisciplinary character of the Arctic research across different specializations – natural science, social science and law, which has not been combined and investigated yet. Additionally, the project is unique due to its specific science communication and dissemination of research findings, which aims at four levels of audiences – (i) academic community, (ii) policymakers, (iii) general public, and (iv) students.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"83-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46321512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Weddell seal observations on female and pup behavior and breeding status for four overwintering periods (2015 to 2018) at Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica 南极乔治王岛巴顿半岛威德尔海豹四个越冬期(2015 - 2018)雌海豹和幼海豹行为和繁殖状况的观察

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Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2020-08-07 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2020-1-1

Yejin Kim, I. Ahn, Ji Kang Park, W. Y. Lee

引用次数: 1