Czech Polar Reports最新文献

{"title":"Cryoresistance of Antarctic endemic lichen <i>Himantormia lugubris</i>: Analysis of photosystem II functionality using a constant-rate cooling approach","authors":"Josef Hájek, Angélica Casanova-Katny, Miloš Barták, Jiří Sekerák Jr.","doi":"10.5817/cpr2023-1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2023-1-10","url":null,"abstract":"It is well established that lichens from polar regions of the Earth are capable to perform photosynthesis at sub-zero temperatures. Majority of them show a high degree of cryoresistance, however, species-specific differences exist. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate behaviour of primary photochemical processes of photosynthesis in Antarctic endemic species Himantormia lugubris at sub-zero temperature. For the purpose, the method of constant rate (2°C min-1) cooling (from +20 to -40°C) with simultaneous measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters related to photosystem II (PSII) was used. During the cooling, potential yield of photosynthetic processes in PSII (FV/FM), and effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) were measured in 30 s interval. From the FV/FM and ΦPSII data sets, S-curves reflecting temperature dependence of the two chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were constructed and analyzed. The S-curves were found tri-phasic in response to sample temperature decline: (1) slight or no decline phase, (2) rapid decline phase, followed by (3) slow change reaching critical temperature at which the primary photosynthetic processes were fully inhibited. Critical temperature was found -30 and -20°C for FV/FM, and ΦPSII, respectively. The latter critical temperature was accompanied by an increase in background chlorophyll fluorescence (F0) indicating inhibition of energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes to core of PSII. A newly-designed chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (a differential, i.e. the difference between the maximum value-normalized FV/FM, and ΦPSII) was used in order to evaluate the temperature at which the processes related to photosynthetic electron flow through thylakoid membrane carriers (ΦPSII) and the energy flow through PSII (FV/FM) differed to a largest extent. This parameters proved to be temperature-dependent and useful in the evaluation of cryoresistance. Based on our study, H. lugubris, its primary photosynthetic processes in particular, might be considered as higly resistant to sub-zero temperature.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136361011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antarctica – A unique location for the testing of polymers","authors":"Jiří Tocháček, Kamil Láska, Radka Bálková, Pavel Kapler, Peter Váczi, Lukáš Krmíček","doi":"10.5817/cpr2023-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2023-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"The Johann Gregor Mendel Czech Antarctic Station (JGM), located in the northern part of James Ross Island in Antarctica, provides a facility for research in many scientific disciplines, such as geography, geology, climatology and biology. In 2015 its activities were extended by the testing of plastics. When synthetic polymers, often referred to as plastics, are exposed to outdoor conditions they undergo irreversible changes due to the absorption of incident solar UV radiation and the consequent reactions with oxygen. Their stability and reliability for outdoor applications are tested through weathering at various locations around the world. Until 2015, when systematic research into plastics started at the JGM, no information on the resistance of plastics to the Antarctic climate was available.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of soil moisture on three sites in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula in 2022/23","authors":"Filip Hrbáček, Michaela Kňažková, Mohammad Farzamian, Joana Baptista","doi":"10.5817/cpr2023-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2023-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Soil moisture represents one of the crucial parameters of the terrestrial environments in Antarctica. It affects the biological abundance and also the thermal state of the soils. In this study, we present one year of volumetric water content and soil temperature measurements on James Ross Island, Nelson Island and King George Island. The volumetric water content at all sites increased with depth. The mean summer values were between 0.24 and 0.37 cm3/cm3 (James Ross Island), 0.30 and 0.40 cm3/cm3 (Nelson Island) and 0.11 and 0.36 cm3/cm3 (King George Island). We found that the freezing point of the soils was close to 0°C on Nelson Island and King George Island. We attributed the lower temperature of soil freezing around -0.5°C on James Ross Island to the site location close to the sea. Even though the sites are located in the distinctive climate zones and comprise of contrasting soil types, the only differences of moisture regime were observed the surficial layer of the studied sites.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy of rock-inhabiting fungi from James Ross Island, Antarctica","authors":"Monika Laichmanová","doi":"10.5817/cpr2023-1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2023-1-8","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 51 strains of rock-inhabiting fungi, which were isolated from rock fragments in the deglaciated area of James Ross Island, Antarctica, were studied and compared by sequencing the ITS rDNA region. Analysed strains were classified into two classes of the phylum Ascomycota. Specifically, 41 strains were classified within the families Teratosphaeriaceae (20) and Extremaceae (21), belonging to the order Mycosphaerellales of the class Dothideomycetes. The remaining Dothideomycetes strains were found to be related to species from the orders Cladosporiales and Dothideales. Additionally, only four strains were related to the order Chaetothyriales, which belongs to the class Eurotiomycetes. On the whole, 29 analysed strains were affiliated with four genera of typical rock-inhabiting fungi, namely Oleoguttula, Rachicladosporium, Elasticomyces and Vermiconidia. The genus Vermiconidia was represented by the highest number of isolates among the studied strains, suggesting that it represents a common component of the fungal community of the investigated area. Out of the 51 analysed strains, only seven were successfully identified as the species Rachicladosporium antarcticum, Oleoguttula mirabilis, and Elasticomyces elasticus. Further investigation and characterization of the majority of analysed strains are necessary to determine their taxonomic position and describe potentially new taxa.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Lendemeriella vaczii</i>, a new lichenized fungal species from Antarctic Peninsula-with a key to the genus <i>Lendemeriella</i>","authors":"Mehmet Gökhan Halıcı, Ekrem Bölükbaşı, Mithat Güllü, Merve Kahraman Yiğit, Miloš Barták","doi":"10.5817/cpr2023-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2023-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Lichens are most dominant elements of Antarctic terrestrial vegetation, however, they are still not well known. In this paper, Lendemerialla vaczii is described as a new lichen species to science from the James Ross Island and Horseshoe Island, Antarctic Peninsula, based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis. The new species is characterized by brownish cream or buff-colored areolate thallus lacking vegetative propagules, black and lecideine apothecia and very thin (up to 1 µm) septa in ascospores. Phylogenetic analysis of nrITS sequence data shows that new species clusters in the genus Lendemeriella with a high bootstrap support. The new species is compared with other Lendemeriella species and other related crustose Teloschistaceae species without anthraquinones and a comprehensive description is provided. An identification key to 10 species of Lendemeriella is also provided.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in immunological characteristics of summer crew during a short term expedition to Antarctica","authors":"Alena Žákovská","doi":"10.5817/cpr2023-1-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2023-1-11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the effect of extreme climatic conditions and isolation on levels of pre-selected immunological parameters in humans. This article describes changes in immunological parameters measured in members of the 9th Czech Antarctic Scientific Expedition during their field work in Antarctica in summer time. The total of 15 sera samples were collected in the morning shortly before the expedition, the second collection was proved in the middle and the third in the end of stay at the Czech Polar station (Mendel station). The statistically significant difference appeared in eight of 11 parameters, from which the value of C3, C4, IgA, and number of monocytes decreased; level of IgG and number of non segmented neutrophils increased. The difference was showed also in the middle of stay, when the level of IgM, number of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the first part of stay decreased, in the second increased. The way of life in the station, physical performance and extreme climatic condition, probably positively affected the results of some studied immunological parameters.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Night LED illumination in the temperate regions as a model of polar day for algal cultivation in field-installed photobioreactors: Comparison of Svalbard and Central Europe","authors":"Jana Kvíderová, Jaromír Lukavský","doi":"10.5817/cpr2023-1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2023-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"The low-temperature algal biotechnology starts to develop in the Polar Regions, and especially in the Arctic. Light is crucial environmental factor in algal mass cultivation, therefore knowledge of the light environment and its modeling is crucial for design of the photobioreactors. The light conditions in three different environments were compared: natural diel light cycle during the polar summer (June-August) in Svalbard and in winter/spring (January – March) in the Central Europe outdoor and in the greenhouse photobioreactor, and in greenhouse photobioreactor equipped by additional night LED illumination in central Europe in winter/spring. In Svalbard, the monthly mean diel PAR values ranger from 126 to 395 µmol m-2 s-1, and the monthly diel sums of the PAR ranged from 2.38 to 7.47 MJ m-2 d-1. In the Central Europe in natural diel light cycle, the monthly mean diel PAR values and monthly diel sums of the PAR were generally lower, 57 - 248 µmol m-2 s-1 and 1.08 and 4.69 MJ m-2 d-1 in outdoor and 26 – 107 µmol m-2 s-1 and 0.50 – 2.03 69 MJ m-2 d-1 in the sun-illuminated photobioreactor. When additional night LED illumination, lasting from 12 to 14.7 hrs and from 12 to 15.3 hrs in 2021 and 2022, respectively, was provided, the monthly mean diel PAR values and monthly diel sums of the PAR increased to 479 – 598 µmol m-2 s-1 and 9.06 – 11.31 MJ m-2 d-1, respectively. Since the Svalbard maxima of diel sum of PAR are comparable to the values found in the night LED illuminated greenhouse photobioreactor, the night LED illumination in winter/spring in Central Europe should be proposed for model cultivations in the Polar Region in summer.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative anatomical and physiological characteristics of <i>Ranunculus glacialis</i> and estimation of its adaptive potential in natural habitats and the PABGI nursery (Murmansk region)","authors":"Natalya Yu. Shmakova, Olga V. Ermolaeva","doi":"10.5817/cpr2023-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2023-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Ranunculus glacialis (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve is a rare species that is included in the Red Data Book of the Murmansk region. It belongs to a group of northern species that, under climate change conditions, will be exposed to a reduction of range and loss of genetic diversity. The objective of this study was to estimate the adaptive potential of this species in the Khibiny Mountains, which is the edge of the eastern limit of its range. Plants growing in natural conditions of the Khibiny Mountains and in the nurseries of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute (PABGI) were compared in terms of leaf mesostructure and pigment content. Under nursery conditions, at higher temperature than in the field, R. glacialis plants showed quantitative rearrangement of leaf mesostructure. Changes associated with increases in internal leaf volume and disturbance of ontogeny, changes in morphometric indicators of assimilating organs (mass and leaf area), reduced productivity and, consequently, reduced resistance to growing conditions were also found in the PABGI-cultivated plants. In this study, we show that this species has a low level of genetic diversity and a limited adaptive potential in the extreme eastern edge of its range in Russia (Kola Peninsula), as evidenced by numerous experiments on acclimatization of R. glacialis under nursery conditions in the Khibiny Mountains.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosynthetic pigments in herbaceous plants on the territory of Railway Stations in the Kola Peninsula cities","authors":"Natalya V. Saltan, Ekaterina A. Sviatkovskaya","doi":"10.5817/cpr2023-1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2023-1-7","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, a study on photosynthetic pigments found in native (Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg) and introduced herbaceous plants (Primula elatior (L.) Hill, Trollius asiaticus L.) growing in subarctic regions is presented. Plant species were collected close to railway stations in five cities of the Kola Subarctic (Murmansk, Olenegorsk, Apatity, Polyarnye Zori, Kandalaksha). The leaves for pigment analysis were collected at comparable times during the growing season of plants. In the leaves of Ch. angustifolium, the content of pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) was higher than in T. officinale (except Murmansk). In T. asiaticus the content of photosynthetic pigments was comparable to native species. P. elatior was inferior to other species in terms of the content of chlorophyll b and carotenoids. In the leaves of T. asiaticus on the territory of the railway stations Polyarnye Zori and Kandalaksha, shifts in the ratio of the main groups of pigments were noted. Application of maximum permissible concentrations Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb for comparison with the actual content of the pollutants in soils of railway stations showed that the soils contaminated only by Ni and Cu (3-6 times), with a maximum in Olenegorsk. Low soil contamination with Pb was found only in Kandalaksha. The impact of soil pollution with heavy metals on native species was not revealed. For introduced species, a weak non-significant positive relationship was found (r = 0.56). A high correlation coefficient was obtained for the total content of chlorophylls in the leaves of T. asiaticus (r = 0.83) and P. elatior (r = 0.89) in Kandalaksha, caused by the content of nitrogenous compounds in the soil associated with the use of fertilizers in the flower garden.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral characteristics of bryophyte carpet and mat subformation showing a vitality-dependent color pattern: Comparison for two distant regions of maritime Antarctica","authors":"Anton Puhovkin, Jerzy Smykla, Peter Váczi, Ivan Parnikoza","doi":"10.5817/cpr2023-1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2023-1-9","url":null,"abstract":"Spectral characteristics of the bryophyte carpet and mat subformation on Nelson Island (South Shetlands Islands) and Galindez Island (Argentine Islands, Graham Coast) were analyzed using spectral reflectance characteristics. A set of 9 specific reflectance indices were calculated and compared between two locations for the same type of moss vegetation formed by Sanionia georgicouncinata and Warnstorfia spp. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is efficient in discriminating between the two contrasting color/ecological moss community classes, i.e. such as less vigorous or dead and vigorous. However, NDVI is not sufficiently sensitive to discriminate intermediate vitality states. Presented data also demonstrates that complementary application of two indices, NDVI and Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), can be promising for follow-up studies focused on the determination of the color differences attributed to ecolophysiological state of a moss community. With the same values of NDVI, bryophyte carpet and mat subformation on Galindez Island are characterized by higher values of the OSAVI, which can be used as an indicator for further monitoring.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}