Czech Polar Reports最新文献_第2页

Marine mammals records in the Haswell archipelago, East Antarctica 南极洲东部哈斯韦尔群岛的海洋哺乳动物记录

Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2023-10-08 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2023-1-5

Sergey Golubev

{"title":"Marine mammals records in the Haswell archipelago, East Antarctica","authors":"Sergey Golubev","doi":"10.5817/cpr2023-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2023-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first comprehensive review of marine mammal records from the Haswell archipelago (Davis Sea, East Antarctica), collected in 1912-2016. The goal of the review is to provide baseline ecological and faunal information on the marine mammals during the historical period (species diversity and status). Eight marine mammal species were recorded within the survey area. Ross seals (Ommatophoca rossii) and sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) were seen very rarely. Killer whales (Orcinus orca), southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) and leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) appeared rarely and few in numbers. Crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga) were rare in general but common during the rare seasons of early fast ice breaking. Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) were common year-round. Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) were seasonally common. Weddell seals and Antarctic minke whales were recorded annually. Only Weddell seals were found year-round. Leopard seals were seasonal residents, the remaining species were seasonal visitors in the area. The archipelago is an annual breeding site for Weddell seals (up to 10 pups per breeding season). Rare breeding of crabeater seals is possible. The information presented in this paper was obtained mostly through random observations and few historical records. During the long-term monitoring, a single agreed-upon data collection protocol was not used. As a result, the status of each marine mammal species in this paper should be regarded as preliminary. The review represents a basis for the development of further research programs. A unified protocol for the year-round registration of marine mammals under the conditions of the Mirny Station for the program for monitoring the biota of the Haswell archipelago is proposed.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What does critical temperature tell us about the resistance of polar lichens to freezing stress? Applicability of linear cooling method to ecophysiological studies. 临界温度告诉我们极地地衣对冰冻压力的抵抗力是什么?线性冷却方法在生态生理学研究中的适用性。

IF 1

Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2022-2-18

J. Hájek, A. Puhovkin, Davide Giordano, Jiří Sekerák Jr.

{"title":"What does critical temperature tell us about the resistance of polar lichens to freezing stress? Applicability of linear cooling method to ecophysiological studies.","authors":"J. Hájek, A. Puhovkin, Davide Giordano, Jiří Sekerák Jr.","doi":"10.5817/cpr2022-2-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2022-2-18","url":null,"abstract":"Lichens from polar regions are well adapted to low temperature and considered cryoresistant. However, interspecific differences in their cryoresistance exist according to the degree of their adaptation and severity of the environment. In our study, we applied linear cooling technique in order to evaluate the interspecific differences in several lichen species. Thalli segments of Umbilicaria antarctica, Nephroma antarctica, Placopsis contortuplicata and Lasallia pustulata were exposed to the cooling from 20 to –35°C at a constant rate of 2°C min-1. Simultaneously with the cooling, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters evaluating potential (FV/FM) and effective yield of primary photochemical processes in PSII (FPSII) were measured in 30 s interval. Temperature response curves of FV/FM and FPSII formed typical S-curves that were species specific. Critical temperature (cooling point at which FPSII equals 0), was found in a narrow range of –25 to –28°C, suggesting that all experimental lichen species have a high resistance to sub-zero temperatures. The method of linear cooling used in this study has proven its applicability in ecophysiological studies since it is sensitive enough for the evaluation of species-specific differences in cryoresistance. This study describes different parameters that can be derived from the S-curves and discuss their proper use in ecophysiological and stress physiology studies.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47395618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Littoral phytocenoses of marshes located in different tidal conditions of the White Sea 白海不同潮汐条件下沼泽的滨海植物群落

IF 1

Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2022-2-14

D. Moseev, A. V. Leshchev, L. Sergienko, I. Miskevich, N. Makhnovich, Alexey S. Lokhov

{"title":"Littoral phytocenoses of marshes located in different tidal conditions of the White Sea","authors":"D. Moseev, A. V. Leshchev, L. Sergienko, I. Miskevich, N. Makhnovich, Alexey S. Lokhov","doi":"10.5817/cpr2022-2-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2022-2-14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the distribution of plant communities from various associations, identified from the standpoint of the ecological-phytocenotic approach, occupying the tidal flat of low and medium marshes, which are under the influence of tide range, different values of pH and water salinity. According to the degree of pH influence, we identified acidotrophic, alkalotrophic, and indifferent phytocenoses, combined into different associations. Most associations of the estuaries with different tide range are alkalotrophic, there are noticeably fewer acidotrophic ones; a few eurytopic communities from the Phragmitetum australis, Bolboschoenetum maritimae, and Caricetum aquatilis associations are classified as indifferent. The study shows that the coastal vegetation of the marshes of the mesotidal estuaries of the White Sea develops in stable pH conditions in the range from 7.2 to 7.6. The formation of coastal vegetation is less stable in the macrotidal estuaries of the Mezen Bay, most of them form at pH = 7.0-8.3. Halophyte vegetation forms in the widest range of pH (6.2-8.3) in the marshes of microtidal estuaries in the Dvina Bay of the White Sea, which are more affected by floods than other estuaries. The halophytic vegetation of the White Sea develops in a wide range of salinity fluctuations from brackish to marine waters. However, the majority of plant associations in the rivers estuaries occupy the habitats of weakly saline waters with 10 to 25% salinity.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48849321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbiome of abandoned soils of former agricultural cryogenic ecosystems of central part of Yamal region 亚马尔地区中部原农业低温生态系统废弃土壤微生物组研究

IF 1

Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2022-2-17

E. Abakumov, A. Kimeklis, G. Gladkov, E. Andronov, E. Morgun, T. Nizamutdinov

{"title":"Microbiome of abandoned soils of former agricultural cryogenic ecosystems of central part of Yamal region","authors":"E. Abakumov, A. Kimeklis, G. Gladkov, E. Andronov, E. Morgun, T. Nizamutdinov","doi":"10.5817/cpr2022-2-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2022-2-17","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial activity plays a crucial role in the development and formation of soil properties. The active and abandoned agricultural soils in the Arctic zone represent a valuable resource that can play a crucial role in providing food security in the northern regions. The reuse of abandoned land for agriculture will reduce environmental risks in the context of a changing climate. Therefore, there is a need for monitoring studies to assess changes in soil parameters after long-term abandonment (taxonomic diversity, agrochemical and physico-chemical qualities). In the study, we evaluated the taxonomic diversity of the microbiome in abandoned (postagrogenic) and pristine soils of the Central part of the Yamal region. In the process of taxonomic analysis, more than 30 different bacterial and archaeal phyla were identified. The formation of a specific microbiome associated with anthropogenic influence in post-agrogenic sites has been shown. Most common types of soil microorganisms in samples collected from pristine and postagrogenic soils were Firmicutes (average 26.86%), Proteobacteria (average 23.41%), and Actinobacteria (average 15.45%). Firmicutes phylum was found mainly in the agrocenoses soils, Proteobacteria were mainly described in the mature tundra soils, Actinobacteria in humid conditions. An increase in diversity indices in postagrogenic soils was shown.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46676790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Vitality and growth rate of agar plate-cultivated Antarctic microautotrophs: Analysis of PSII functioning by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters 琼脂平板培养南极微自养细胞的活力和生长速率：用叶绿素荧光参数分析PSII功能

IF 1

Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2022-2-20

A. Manová, Blanka Hýžová, Diana Darriba Canora, Ana Castrillo Antolin, K. Dufková

{"title":"Vitality and growth rate of agar plate-cultivated Antarctic microautotrophs: Analysis of PSII functioning by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters","authors":"A. Manová, Blanka Hýžová, Diana Darriba Canora, Ana Castrillo Antolin, K. Dufková","doi":"10.5817/cpr2022-2-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2022-2-20","url":null,"abstract":"In our study, we focused on the growth of three different microautotrophs isolated from Antarctic lichens (Placopsis contortuplicata, Solorina spongiosa) and cryptoendolithic algal vegetation. The isolates were purified and inoculated on agar plates, Bold´s Basal Medium (BBM). The growth of the cultures and the markers of physiological (photosynthetic) activity were monitored by chlorophyll fluorescence in 1 week intervals for 3 months after inoculation. For the assessment of photosynthetic activity, the method of slow Kautsky kinetics supplemented with saturation pulses was applied. Four chlorophyll fluorescence parameters calculated: (1) maximum quantum yield of PSII (FV/FM), (2) effective quantum yield of photosynthetic processes in PSII (ΦPSII), (3) non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, and (4) background chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (F0/F0´). Troughout the cultivation period, the maximum quantum yield of PSII (FV/FM) showed high values in all three autotrophs with only slight increase in the first part of the cultivation period, followed by slight decrease in the second part. The ΦPSII values showed a rapid decline within the first 4 weeks of cultivation followed by more or less constant values in the isolates from P. contortuplicata and cryptoendolithic alga. Contrastingly, time course of ΦPSII rather showed an increase followed by a decrease in S. spongiosa isolate. NPQ (related to the activation of protective mechanisms) increased in the second part of cultivation period, the rate of increase and maximum values were species-specific. The species-specific differences in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are discussed as well as their potential for evaluation of photosynthetic performance of in vitro cultivated algal/cyanobacterial cultures on agar plates.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41914737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The importance of Arctic driftwood for interdisciplinary global change research (Short Communication / Methodological note) 北极浮木对跨学科全球变化研究的重要性（简短交流/方法论说明）

IF 1

Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2022-2-13

T. Kolář, M. Rybníček, P. Aspholm, P. Čermák, Ó. Eggertsson, V. Gryc, T. Žid, U. Büntgen

引用次数: 0

Interannual variation of soil heat flux in a grass-dominated alpine tunda. Preliminary study from the Jeseníky Mts. (Short Communication) 草为主的高山苔原土壤热通量的年际变化。Jeseníky Mts的初步研究（短通信）

IF 1

Czech Polar Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.5817/cpr2022-2-21

Jirí Kucera, J. Hájek, M. Barták

引用次数: 0

Rinodina gennarii Bagl., a new record of lichenized fungi for Antarctica rindina gennarii Bagl。这是南极洲地衣真菌的新记录