{"title":"Hong Kong (China)","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/91a89eab-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/91a89eab-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379630,"journal":{"name":"Prevention of Treaty Abuse – Second Peer Review Report on Treaty Shopping","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141221023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tunisia","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/89678ff5-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/89678ff5-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379630,"journal":{"name":"Prevention of Treaty Abuse – Second Peer Review Report on Treaty Shopping","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141220992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"San Marino","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/166ddf18-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/166ddf18-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379630,"journal":{"name":"Prevention of Treaty Abuse – Second Peer Review Report on Treaty Shopping","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141221044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Republic of North Macedonia","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/68bd5d38-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/68bd5d38-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379630,"journal":{"name":"Prevention of Treaty Abuse – Second Peer Review Report on Treaty Shopping","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141220972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Slovenia","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/51102d2a-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/51102d2a-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379630,"journal":{"name":"Prevention of Treaty Abuse – Second Peer Review Report on Treaty Shopping","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133813746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Difficulties in implementing the minimum standard","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/99a6ab36-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/99a6ab36-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379630,"journal":{"name":"Prevention of Treaty Abuse – Second Peer Review Report on Treaty Shopping","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131619203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"United Kingdom","authors":"D. Rhind, S. Jowett, I. Greenlees","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/9658.003.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9658.003.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining research excellence, promoting innovation and strengthening the interface between universities and industry are major focus areas of new national strategies for productivity and competitiveness. These cross-governmental strategies have been complemented by a number of important recent reviews focused on specific aspects of the UK STI system, including the public research funding agencies and university-business collaborations. These reviews are providing the stimulus for significant structural changes in the governance and management, as well as the focus, of public investment in STI.","PeriodicalId":379630,"journal":{"name":"Prevention of Treaty Abuse – Second Peer Review Report on Treaty Shopping","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132473568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Republic of North Macedonia","authors":"B. Barkbu, Jean-Guillaume Poulain","doi":"10.18356/b89c7d1c-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/b89c7d1c-en","url":null,"abstract":"Selected Issues","PeriodicalId":379630,"journal":{"name":"Prevention of Treaty Abuse – Second Peer Review Report on Treaty Shopping","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114670159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spain","authors":"J. Spijker, Juan Manuel González, Dolores Puga","doi":"10.1787/mei-v2018-10-table88-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/mei-v2018-10-table88-en","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes recent developments and debates on older workers’ participationinthelabourforce,retirementdecisionsandthepensionsysteminSpain,fromasocialclass,healthandgenderperspective.Spainisoneofthemostagedcountriesintheworld.However,theSpanishpopulationhasoneofthelowestlevelsofemploymentamongpeopleaged50+inEurope.Womenretirelaterthanmen,mainlybecausetheycannotaffordtoretireearlier.Womenhavealowerprobabilityofachievingtherequisiteminimumcontributionsthatgivethemtherighttoreceiveapension.Forwomentransitiontopost-employmentlifedependsonperceivingretirementasforceduponthemforfamilyreasonsortheneedtocareforotherfamilymembersinpoorhealth.Healthisanimportantvariableindeterminingtherateofactivityamongpeopleunder60yearsold,howeverthisbecomeslessimportantastheincentivesofthepensionsystembecomemoreevident.Womenaremorelikelytohavetemporaryworkcontracts,greaterjobinsecurityandmoreexposuretoemotionalpressure.Ifwomenalsocareforrelatives,extendingworkinglifemayfurtherworsentheirmentalandphysicalhealthstatus.","PeriodicalId":379630,"journal":{"name":"Prevention of Treaty Abuse – Second Peer Review Report on Treaty Shopping","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129725546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}