Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host interactions in the manifestation of tuberculosis","authors":"Shadi Abbasnia ,&nbsp;Amir Mohammad Hashem Asnaashari ,&nbsp;Hiva Sharebiani ,&nbsp;Saman Soleimanpour ,&nbsp;Arman Mosavat ,&nbsp;Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The final step of epigenetic processes is changing the gene expression in a new microenvironment in the body, such as neuroendocrine changes, active infections, oncogenes, or chemical agents. The case of tuberculosis (TB) is an outcome of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (<em>M.tb</em>) and host interaction in the manifestation of active and latent TB or clearance. This comprehensive review explains and interprets the epigenetics findings regarding gene expressions on the host-pathogen interactions in the development and progression of tuberculosis. This review introduces novel insights into the complicated host-pathogen interactions, discusses the challengeable results, and shows the gaps in the clear understanding of <em>M.tb</em> behavior. Focusing on the biological phenomena of host-pathogen interactions, the epigenetic changes, and their outcomes provides a promising future for developing effective TB immunotherapies when converting gene expression toward appropriate host immune responses gradually becomes attainable. Overall, this review may shed light on the dark sides of TB pathogenesis as a life-threatening disease. Therefore, it may support effective planning and implementation of epigenetics approaches for introducing proper therapies or effective vaccines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405579424000457/pdfft?md5=49b803c0909a47e7c7ff0c52a0d64725&pid=1-s2.0-S2405579424000457-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141401840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in Wisconsin children and adolescents","authors":"Bryan J. Vonasek ,&nbsp;Danièle Gusland ,&nbsp;Julie Tans-Kersten ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Misch ,&nbsp;Suzanne N. Gibbons-Burgener","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections in the pediatric population is not well described. We estimated the incidence of NTM infection in Wisconsin children and adolescents, and the frequency and type of infection caused by different NTM pathogens. Associations between NTM infection and race/ethnicity and social disadvantage, respectively, were also investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective cohort study evaluated reports of NTM infection in Wisconsin residents under 18 years of age submitted to a state-wide database between 2011 and 2018. Demographics of the cohort, including a social disadvantage score (Area Deprivation Index (ADI)), are described. Specimen type and NTM species are enumerated for reported isolates.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 224 NTM isolates from 212 children and adolescents. Median age of participants was 3 years; 55 % were female. Cumulative incidence did not vary significantly between the larger racial groups or for the various ADI score groups. Compared to white participants (157), there was a significantly lower cumulative incidence of NTM infection in multiracial individuals (2). <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> complex (MAC) was the most frequently isolated organism (69 %). The majority of isolates (52 %) were from skin and soft tissue, which included lymph node specimens. Annual incidence did not vary significantly over the study period.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The epidemiology of pediatric NTM infections in this cohort is consistent with previous pediatric reports of higher rate of infection in females and predominance of skin and soft tissue infections. Disparities in disease burden across racial/ethnic and socio-economic groups were not demonstrated, but these factors should be further explored in larger pediatric studies of diverse U.S. populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405579424000433/pdfft?md5=5d3bcb74fd0ab59bf845e3b0134fda80&pid=1-s2.0-S2405579424000433-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of 280 nasopharyngeal tuberculosis cases and the effectiveness of antituberculosis treatments","authors":"Yun Jin Kang ,&nbsp;Jin-Hee Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is a rare form of tuberculosis in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects the nasopharyngeal tissue. In this study, we analyzed key clinical features to prevent misdiagnosis and to raise awareness of the condition, while recommending suitable treatments. We also report a case of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis presenting with nasal congestion and intermittent ear fullness, contributing valuable educational insight for diagnosis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Demographic and clinical data from patients with nasopharyngeal tuberculosis were collected from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to September 2022. In total, 280 patients from 69 studies were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Reports indicate that the incidence of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis has doubled every decade, particularly in Asia. Most patients are female, presenting with granulomatous pathology and findings such as masses, lymphoid hyperplasia, polypoid formations, or swelling on endoscopic examination. Common symptoms include nasal obstruction, hearing impairment, sore throat, and dysphagia, usually accompanied by cervical lymphadenopathy. The mean duration from symptom onset to diagnosis is ∼2.88 months, and the average time from the start of treatment to resolution of symptoms is ∼ 4.90 months. The antituberculosis treatment regimen and duration are significantly associated with the time to resolution (r = −0.648, p = 0.003 and r = 0.584, p = 0.028, respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results suggest that an extended regimen of antituberculosis drugs may expedite symptom relief. However, there is a need for more standardized data on patient outcomes and treatment efficacy due to the current lack of comprehensive data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405579424000421/pdfft?md5=10cb66fec806702109c3314df16066cd&pid=1-s2.0-S2405579424000421-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141403880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss to follow-up among people living with HIV on tuberculosis preventive treatment at four regional referral hospitals, Uganda, 2019–2021","authors":"Edirisa Juniour Nsubuga ,&nbsp;Deus Lukoye ,&nbsp;Steven N. Kabwama ,&nbsp;Stella Martha Migamba ,&nbsp;Allan Komakech ,&nbsp;Elayete Sarah ,&nbsp;Rose Nampeera ,&nbsp;Rashida Nakazzi ,&nbsp;Saharu Magona Nerima ,&nbsp;Jireh Kirabo ,&nbsp;Lilian Bulage ,&nbsp;Benon Kwesiga ,&nbsp;Alex Riolexus Ario","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV). TB preventive treatment (TPT) can prevent active TB infection in PLHIV for several years after it is completed. During 2019–2021, the six-month course of TPT (using isoniazid) was the most readily available in Uganda; however, program data indicated a TPT program loss to follow-up (LTFU) rate of 12 % during this period. We evaluated factors associated with TPT LTFU among PLHIV in four regional referral hospitals (RRHs) in Uganda from 2019 to 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We abstracted program data from TPT registers on patient LTFU at Masaka, Mbale, Mubende, and Jinja RRHs. Additional data collected included client demographics, duration on HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART), year of TPT initiation, adherence, and point of entry. LTFU was defined as the failure to finish six consecutive months of isoniazid without stopping for more than two months at a time. We conducted bivariate analysis using the chi-square test for independence. Variables with <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05 in bivariate analysis were included in a logistic regression model to establish independent factors associated with LTFU.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, 24,206 clients were started on TPT in the four RRHs. Their median age was 40 years (range, 1–90 years), and 15,962 (66 %) were female. A total of 22,260 (92 %) had TPT adherence &gt;95 %. Independent factors associated with LTFU included being on ART for &lt;3 months (AOR: 3.1, 95 % CI: 2.1–4.5) and 20–24 years (AOR: 4.7, 95 % CI: 1.9–12) or 25–29 years (AOR: 3.3, 95 % CI: 1.3–8.2) compared to 15–19 years.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PLHIV just starting ART and young adults had higher odds of being LTFU from TPT during 2019–2021 in the four RRHs. Close follow-up of PLHIV aged 20–29 years and those newly initiated on ART could improve TPT completion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240557942400041X/pdfft?md5=fe04fb7d02af7172039d0436010484e3&pid=1-s2.0-S240557942400041X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141303311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19: The association between knowledge, practice, and attitude of tuberculosis infection in the university population","authors":"Ilse Faustina Fernández-Honorio ,&nbsp;Eladio Angulo-Altamirano ,&nbsp;Susana Marleni Atuncar-Deza ,&nbsp;Rosmery Sabina Pozo-Enciso","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The study focused on the association between knowledge, practice and attitude towards tuberculosis in the university population during the COVID-19 pandemic<strong>.</strong></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Used Jean Watson’s theory of caring in mindfulness practice and surveyed 187 nursing surveyed 187 nursing interns from three universities. The instruments (knowledge, practice and attitude questionnaires) were validated and showed high reliability (Cronbach’s α reliability Cronbach’s α = 0.814).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A strong correlation was found between knowledge and practice of tuberculosis (r = 0.996, p &lt; 0.05), indicating a significant association. However, the association between knowledge and attitude was weaker (r = 0.160, p &lt; 0.05). The majority had knowledge (61.2 %), a neutral practice (52.2 %) and an acceptable attitude towards TB (85.4 %).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings suggest the need to strengthen anti-TB strategies, especially in times of pandemic. The inclusion of Watson’s humanistic approach can improve the well-being of inmates and the care of patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405579424000391/pdfft?md5=f49b4ba7018ef8759e08954480dbc4d0&pid=1-s2.0-S2405579424000391-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141239428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomal microRNAs associated with tuberculosis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus","authors":"Yujiao Jin,&nbsp;Yuan Liu,&nbsp;Wenyan Yu,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Kenv Pan,&nbsp;Miaochan Wang,&nbsp;Aifang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the diagnostic value of selected exosomal miRNAs for Tuberculosis (TB) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 43 adult HIV patients, including 20 diagnosed with TB and 23 controls, were enrolled. The levels of six exosomal miRNAs (miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-26a, miR-106a, miR-191, and miR-486) were measured using qRT-PCR.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The levels of these six exosomal miRNAs (miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-26a, miR-106a, miR-191, and miR-486) were significantly higher in the plasma of TB patients compared to controls among PLHIV. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of these six miRNAs showed a fair performance in distinguishing TB patients from controls, with Area Under Curve (AUC) values of 0.78 (95 %CI 0.63–0.93), 0.81 (95 %CI 0.67–0.95), 0.77 (95 %CI 0.61–0.93), 0.84 (95 %CI 0.70–0.98), 0.82 (95 %CI 0.68–0.95) and 0.79 (95 %CI 0.65–0.93), respectively. These miRNAs showed higher AUC values for extrapulmonary tuberculosis compared to pulmonary tuberculosis. An analysis of subgroups was performed based on CD4 + T cell count (＜200 and ≥ 200 cells·µL⁻¹). In the high CD4 count group, all these six exosomal miRNAs appeared to have higher AUC values compared to the low CD4 count group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These six exosomal miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing TB among PLHIV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405579424000408/pdfft?md5=80a636858ebad9760cc675c5c2671012&pid=1-s2.0-S2405579424000408-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141239429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of diabetes mellitus on retreatment of Tuberculosis: A multi-centered case-control study from Bangladesh","authors":"Mohammad Afsarul Habib ,&nbsp;Kaniz Afrin ,&nbsp;Syeda Sumaiya Efa ,&nbsp;Md. Delwar Hossain ,&nbsp;Md. Rafiqul Islam ,&nbsp;Md. Mahbubur Rahman ,&nbsp;Nasreen Islam ,&nbsp;Farhana Afroz ,&nbsp;Muhammad Abdur Rahim ,&nbsp;Mohammad Delwar Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Several studies suggested that diabetes mellitus (DM) worsens the tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome. But information regarding the association of DM with retreatment of TB is very scarce in Bangladesh. Present study aimed to assess the effects of DM on retreatment of TB.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This case-control study was conducted among 254 patients (127 cases and 127 controls) from January 2022 – December 2022. Patients were recruited by purposive sampling from 92 centers of the Diabetic Association of Bangladesh (BADAS). Data were collected by face-to-face interview and record reviewing with the help of semi-structured questionnaire and checklist respectively. Quality of data was maintained in all stages of the study. Data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS software. Informed written consent was taken from each patient prior to the study. Ethical issues were maintained strictly.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Present study matched the age and sex of cases and controls. The study revealed that majority of case (89.0) and controls (97.6) were married. Among cases 78.0 % had DM and among controls 64.6 % had DM. Among diabetic patients, 78.8 % cases‘ and 64.6 % controls‘ HbA1C level was not within normal range. The study found that, the number of episodes of previous TB (AOR = 3.088, ρ = 0.019), presence of DM (AOR = 2.817, ρ = 0.012) and uncontrolled HbA1C level (AOR = 2.500, ρ = 0.028) were independently associated with retreatment of TB.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study found that presence of DM, uncontrolled HbA1C level and multiple episodes of previous TB were the risk factors for retreatment of TB. So, a separate guideline for treatment of TB-DM patients should be established to prevent retreatment cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405579424000378/pdfft?md5=d5fcd8dd22efad05dd5b27a3b820b4ea&pid=1-s2.0-S2405579424000378-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140901995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of non-tuberculous mycobacteria on BCG vaccine efficacy: A narrative review","authors":"Fatemeh Ghasemi ,&nbsp;Jalil Kardan-Yamchi ,&nbsp;Mohsen Heidary ,&nbsp;Morteza Karami-Zarandi ,&nbsp;Sousan Akrami ,&nbsp;Abbas Maleki ,&nbsp;Saeed Khoshnood ,&nbsp;Hossein Kazemian","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> bacterial pathogen is responsible for the ongoing global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only currently approved TB vaccine, is successful in preventing disseminated disease in newborns. However, it has a variable efficacy against pulmonary TB in adults. This protective effect of the vaccine varies greatly among different populations and geographical areas, which the increased exposure of particular populations to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is considered as one of the reasons for this issue. Numerous studies have shown that exposure to NTM species causes the host immune system to be improperly primed. It has also been suggested that NTM species may be blamed for reduction in BCG vaccine effectiveness against <em>M. tuberculosis</em>. The increased exposure of certain populations to NTM has diverse effects on BCG efficacy. Moreover, the exposure to NTM can induce opposite effects on BCG efficacy depending on the NTM exposure route and survivability. A detailed understanding of the impact of NTM exposure on the efficacy of the BCG vaccine is essential for ongoing efforts to develop new TB vaccines as it may ultimately be a crucial success factor. The aim of this study was to review the findings of the studies focusing on the effects of NTM on BCG vaccine efficacy in animal models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240557942400038X/pdfft?md5=95ff864368404bc7ec92ab4a599a3a80&pid=1-s2.0-S240557942400038X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140893825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children: A practical update on epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention","authors":"James T. Gaensbauer ,&nbsp;Nabaneeta Dash ,&nbsp;Sanjay Verma ,&nbsp;DJ Hall ,&nbsp;Felice C. Adler-Shohet ,&nbsp;Guyu Li ,&nbsp;Grace Lee ,&nbsp;Laura Dinnes ,&nbsp;Kristen Wendorf","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pediatric multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a significant global problem, and there are numerous barriers preventing children with MDR-TB from being identified, confirmed with microbiologic tests, and treated with a safe, practical, and effective regimen. However, several recent advances in diagnostics and treatment regimens have the promise to improve outcomes for children with MDR-TB. We introduce this review with two cases that exemplify both the challenges in management of MDR-TB in children, but also the potential to achieve a positive outcome. More than 30,000 cases of MDR-TB per year are believed to occur in children but less than 5% are confirmed microbiologically, contributing to poorer outcomes and excess mortality. Rapid molecular-based testing that provides information on rifampin susceptibility is increasingly globally available and recommended for all children suspected of TB disease--but remains limited by challenges obtaining appropriate samples and the paucibacillary nature of most pediatric TB. More complex assays allowing better characterization of drug-resistant isolates are emerging. For children diagnosed with MDR-TB, treatment regimens have traditionally been long and utilize multiple drugs associated with significant side effects, particularly injectable agents. Several new or repurposed drugs including bedaquiline, delamanid, clofazimine and linezolid now allow most treatment regimens to be shorter and all-oral. Yet data to support short, all-oral, novel regimens for young children containing pretomanid remain insufficient at present, and there is a compelling need to conduct pediatric trials of promising therapeutics and MDR-TB treatment regimens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405579424000366/pdfft?md5=e9c7ad8a2942fc818d05c2b37c9216ac&pid=1-s2.0-S2405579424000366-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient navigator’s role in latent tuberculosis infection at a New York City Health Department Chest Clinic","authors":"E. Barroso ,&nbsp;T. Mark ,&nbsp;R. Acevedo ,&nbsp;S. Rao ,&nbsp;H.T. Jordan ,&nbsp;J. Burzynski ,&nbsp;W. Remegio ,&nbsp;E. Ea ,&nbsp;L. Compas","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Philippines is one of the top ten countries of birth among individuals with tuberculosis in New York City (NYC). The NYC Health Department (HD) screened Filipino-born New Yorkers for latent TB infection (LTBI), but few of those tested positive completed evaluation and treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To increase the proportion of Filipinos with a positive QuantiFeron-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) complete LTBI evaluation and treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nine community-based LTBI screening events were conducted during September-December 2021. Patients with positive QFT-Plus results were offered no-cost LTBI evaluation and treatment at HD Chest Clinic. The HD engaged culturally- and linguistically-competent Filipino patient navigators (PN) to facilitate LTBI evaluation and treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 77 Filipinos screened, 17 (22%) tested positive. Fourteen (82%) were evaluated for LTBI; eight of the 14 (57%) completed LTBI treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Pairing patients with culturally- and linguistically- competent Filipino PNs contributed to an increase in the proportion of Filipinos with a positive QFT-Plus who completed LTBI evaluation and treatment. TB prevention programs may wish to consider PNs in LTBI patient care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405579424000330/pdfft?md5=b2cd2d1a6045247ccd8e276d952eb701&pid=1-s2.0-S2405579424000330-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140816016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}