Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Tuberculosis reactivation in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a preemptive strategy in an endemic country","authors":"Irma Karen Pellón-Téllez ,&nbsp;Omar Eduardo Fernandez-Vargas ,&nbsp;Patricia Cornejo-Juárez ,&nbsp;Alexandra Martin-Onraet ,&nbsp;Luis Felipe Rubalcava-Lara ,&nbsp;Rosa Adriana Alvidrez-González ,&nbsp;Andrés Bonilla-Salcedo ,&nbsp;Luis Valero-Saldaña ,&nbsp;Brenda Lizeth Acosta-Maldonado","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health issue, particularly in developing countries. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at increased risk for TB due to immunosuppression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study (2005–2022) assessed a preemptive latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and treatment strategy in 338 HSCT recipients and their donors. Screening included tuberculin skin test (TST) or QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT), and pulmonary imaging, with positive cases receiving isoniazid (INH) therapy before HSCT. Statistical analyses compared TB reactivation rates, overall survival (OS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) across HSCT groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 338 patients, screening involved TST in 325 and QFT in 13 cases, resulting in 94 (27.8%) patients with LTBI. INH therapy was completed by 83 patients, with 5 discontinuing due to hepatotoxicity. The cumulative incidence of active TB was 0.6%, and one patient who received INH prophylaxis developed LTBI reactivation. LTBI status did not affect OS or RFS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study demonstrates that the use of LTBI protocols incorporating TST/QFT and chest CT-scans, followed by INH in positive cases, was safe and is an accessible option among HSCT recipients in high-burden regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological trends and burden of mortality from HIV/AIDS and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis without extensive drug-resistance across Africa: A global burden of disease analysis (1990–2021)","authors":"Ibrahim Khalil ,&nbsp;Noshin Anjum Tasmi ,&nbsp;Md.Imran Hossain ,&nbsp;Mst.Mahmuda Akter","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100564","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;HIV/AIDS and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB, non-extensively drug-resistant) together cause significant mortality in Africa, home to 67% of the 39 million people living with HIV globally and 2.5 million TB cases in 2022. This study analyzes Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data to quantify temporal trends and mortality burdens of HIV/AIDS and MDR-TB across African subregions from 1990 to 2021, focusing on regional and gender-specific patterns.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000 population for HIV/AIDS and MDR-TB were extracted from GBD 2021 for the African Union (Central, Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western subregions), stratified by gender. Joinpoint regression (Joinpoint Regression Program, version 5.0.2) calculated Annual Percent Change (APC) and Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) with 95 % CIs and p-values (p &lt; 0.05 for significance). Weighted Bayesian Information Criterion and permutation testing identified up to six joinpoints. This method fits piecewise log-linear models, pinpointing inflection points (joinpoints) where statistically significant changes occur. Sensitivity analyses ensured robustness, adhering to GBD protocols.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;From 1990 to 2021, the African Union exhibited varied trends in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) for HIV/AIDS and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Overall, mortality trends showed a non-significant average annual percent change (AAPC) of 1.9526 % (95 % CI: −1.7682, 6.3941; p = 0.278344), reflecting a complex epidemic trajectory. Early in the period (1990–1999), mortality surged dramatically, with annual percent changes (APCs) peaking at 99.81 % (1990–1992) due to limited treatment access. A turning point emerged around 2003, with declines becoming prominent from 2006 onward. The most substantial reductions occurred between 2006 and 2014, with an APC of (−10.3478 %; 95 % CI: −11.0939, −9.8873; p &lt; 0.000001), driven by expanded antiretroviral therapy (ART) and improved diagnostics. Gender-specific patterns revealed steeper declines for females, particularly in Southern Africa (2007–2014, APC: −12.97 %), compared to males (2007–2013, APC: −11.36 %), highlighting the impact of targeted interventions for women. Regionally, Southern Africa bore the highest burden, with early increases (1990–1993, APC: 105.55 %) but significant declines post-2007 (APC: −11.95 %). Central Africa saw notable reductions after 2016 (APC: −15.75 %), while Northern Africa experienced a rising trend: AAPC 3.5641 % (95 % CI: 0.6866, 7.0452; p = 0.014397); driven by early spikes (1990–1992, APC: 38.89 %). Eastern and Western Africa showed modest declines, with APCs of −10.98 % (2004–2008) and −9.21 % (2006–2014), respectively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study highlights significant progress in reducing HIV/AIDS and MDR-TB mortality across Africa from 1990 to 2021, largely due","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curated cases from the TB expert network: Unplugged! Series: Use of plasma microbial cell-free DNA metagenomic sequencing to diagnose Mycobacterium tuberculosis","authors":"Madeline Cohodes ,&nbsp;Anmary Fernandez ,&nbsp;David Ashkin ,&nbsp;Caitlin Reed ,&nbsp;Sarah Park ,&nbsp;Niaz Banaei ,&nbsp;Monica Fung ,&nbsp;Karen Jacobson ,&nbsp;Neela D. Goswami","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 52-year-old U.S.-born man with diabetes and a kidney transplant 3 months prior presented with fever of unknown origin and left-sided weakness. On admission, he was found to have right internal carotid artery thrombus and cerebral infarct. He developed respiratory failure and underwent treatment for Pseudomonas bacteremia. Fevers continued through hospital day 30 and computed tomography (CT) scans demonstrated an esophageal mass, hepatic lesions, and pulmonary nodules, which were new compared to pre-transplant imaging 2 years prior. While awaiting results from acid-fast bacilli (AFB) cultures from sputum and tissue, plasma microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) metagenomic sequencing was ordered on day 29 and was positive for <em>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb).</em> Based on the results of mcfDNA sequencing, clinical presentation, and radiographic findings, a diagnosis of tuberculosis disease was made, and anti-tuberculosis treatment was initiated.</div><div>While awaiting results from acid-fast bacilli (AFB) cultures and<!--> <!-->molecular studies<!--> <!-->from sputum and tissue, plasma microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) metagenomic sequencing was ordered on day 29 and was positive for<!--> <em>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb).</em></div><div>The patient was discharged on hospital day 60;<!--> <!-->27 days after discharge, 58 days after the Mtb PCR resulted positive from tissue biopsy, and 60 days after the positive mcfDNA, sputum cultures returned positive for<!--> <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retreatment TB is a risk factor for multidrug-resistant TB among people with HIV in rural eastern Uganda: A nested case-control study","authors":"Godfrey Opolot ,&nbsp;Peter Olupot-Olupot ,&nbsp;Samuel Okware ,&nbsp;Jonathan Izudi","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Rationale</h3><div>People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) have an increased risk of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) compared to those without HIV.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the risk factors for MDR-TB among PWH in rural eastern Uganda.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a nested case–control study at Soroti Regional Referral Hospital in rural eastern Uganda. TB records from January 2017 to May 2024 were retrospectively reviewed to identify all PWH. MDR-TB was defined as resistance to at least both Isoniazid and Rifampicin following GeneXpert <em>Mycobacterium TB</em> and Rifampicin assay and culture-based drug-susceptible testing. Cases were PWH with MDR-TB, while controls were a random sample of PWH without MDR-TB, in a 1:3 ratio. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with being a case rather than a control. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 37 cases and 111 controls, and found retreatment TB was associated with being a case rather than a control (aOR 6.97; 95% CI 2.65–19.46). Male sex (aOR: 1.59; 95% CI: 0.67–3.93), clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB (aOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.10–1.23) or extrapulmonary TB (aOR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.05–1.62), and recent anti-retroviral therapy initiation (aOR: 2.07; 95% CI: 0.83–5.28) were insignificantly associated with being a case.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study showed that retreatment TB is associated with a higher likelihood of MDR-TB among PWH in a referral hospital in rural eastern Uganda. These findings underscore the need for intensified drug resistance surveillance and adherence support among PWH with prior TB treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection status and associated factors among household close contacts of rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A single-center cross-sectional study","authors":"Zhengyu Shi ,&nbsp;Juan Peng ,&nbsp;Xiu Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Fu ,&nbsp;Liping Zou ,&nbsp;Qin Chen ,&nbsp;Tao Huang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongmei Zhu ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Shenjie Tang ,&nbsp;Guihui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100561","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) is a major global public health challenge. Household close contacts (HHCs) of RR-TB patients face a high risk of &lt;em&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/em&gt; infection. Southwestern China carries a heavy RR-TB burden, yet research data on the infection status of this population remain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis disease (TBD) and their associated factors among HHCs of RR-TB patients in this region through active screening, providing data support for optimizing regional RR-TB prevention and control strategies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Using a cross-sectional design, HHCs of RR-TB patients diagnosed at Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center from October 1, 2023, to March 30, 2025, were enrolled. Clinical data were collected via a self-designed questionnaire including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), relationship to index case, living environment, chronic comorbidities, medication history, and TBD-suspicious symptom screening. TBD screening used chest digital radiography (DR) or computed tomography (CT). Clinical data of index cases were extracted from the hospital information system (HIS), covering sputum acid-fast bacillus smear, sputum mycobacterial culture, sputum molecular testing for M. tuberculosis, fluoroquinolone resistance, extent of pulmonary lesions, and cavitation status. TB infection screening employed tuberculin skin test (TST), ESAT6-CFP10 fusion protein skin test (EC), or interferon-γ release assays (IGRA). Infection status was categorized as uninfected, LTBI, or TBD based on screening results, clinical symptoms, and imaging findings. Incidence rates of LTBI and TBD were calculated. Chi-square tests compared clinical characteristics across infection states. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed factors associated with LTBI and TBD (versus uninfected).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;264 HHCs from 197 RR-TB index cases were included: 113 males (42.8 %), 151 females (57.2 %), aged 3–78 years (mean 42.4 ± 15.1). Among 209 participants tested with TST: 117 (44.3 %) had induration diameter [0, 5) mm, 17 (6.4 %) [5, 10) mm, 30 (11.4 %) [10, 15) mm, 45 (17.1 %) ≥ 15 mm. Among 46 EC-tested: 29 (11.0 %) had [0, 5) mm, 17 (6.4 %) ≥ 5 mm. Among 9 IGRA-tested: 1 (0.4 %) negative, 8 (3.0 %) positive. After cluster-effect adjustment, LTBI incidence was 31.2 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 25.8–38.3), TBD incidence 9.9 % (95 % CI: 6.4–13.6). The proportion of spousal relationships to index cases was higher in LTBI/TBD groups than uninfected (P &lt; 0.05). BMI &lt; 18.5 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and positive TBD symptom screening were more frequent in TBD than uninfected/LTBI groups (P &lt; 0.05). Pulmonary cavitation in index cases was more common in TBD contacts (P &lt; 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed spousal relationship was an independent associated factor for LTBI (ad","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the therapeutic threshold in tuberculosis Care: Lessons from Southern Africa’s dual-method approach","authors":"Chadaporn N. Gordon ,&nbsp;Nav La ,&nbsp;Schawanya K. Rattanapitoon ,&nbsp;Nathkapach K. Rattanapitoon","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of nontuberculous Mycobacteria among presumptive drug resistance tuberculosis patients from a ministry of health drug resistance surveillance program, in western Kenya","authors":"Okumu Albert ,&nbsp;Odeny Lazarus ,&nbsp;Ochieng John Benjamin ,&nbsp;Odhiambo Ben ,&nbsp;Sitati Ruth ,&nbsp;Tonui Joan ,&nbsp;Ogoro Jeremiah ,&nbsp;Wandiga Steve ,&nbsp;Collins Ouma","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) species are emerging pathogens causing Pulmonary diseases with no definitive treatment. Molecular techniques enable characterization and drug resistance profiling, this study sought to determine NTM prevalence, circulating species, and distribution factors among presumptive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in western Kenya.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Sputum samples were collected between March through October 2022, and transported for testing at Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) TB laboratory, in Kisumu. The standard NALC-NaOH MGIT culture technique, smear, HAIN AS/CM and NTM drug resistance were carried out.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 155 specimens analyzed, 106 (68.4 %) were males, 41 (26.5 %) HIV positive, and participants of ages 36–45 years, the majority. An overall NTM prevalence of 99 (63.9 %), of whom 63 (63 %) among males reported. In addition, 11 NTM species identified, with <em>M. intracellulare</em> (44, 44 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High prevalence of NTM species was observed among middle-aged males and HIV negative participants, Kisumu led in distribution (29 %) and among HIV positive. The NTM prevalence among smear negative vs smear positive, was significant a p &lt; 0.001, hence adequate TB/HIV integration and management, use of molecular techniques, and accurate identification is critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term occupational risk of latent tuberculosis infection in Hamburg, Germany: Findings from a 13-year prospective observational study","authors":"Roland Diel ,&nbsp;Matthias Gröschel ,&nbsp;Albert Nienhaus","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Only limited population-based data are available on the risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in health care workers (HCWs).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the long-term effects of protective measures of HCWs on LTBI risk in Hamburg, Germany.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Close contacts of smear-positive and smear-negative, but culture-confirmed, pulmonary TB index cases were prospectively enrolled from June 2005 to December 2017 and tested with the QuantiFERON TB (QFT) test approximately eight weeks after last exposure<strong>.</strong> Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by trained healthcare personnel using a standardized questionnaire.</div><div>Contacts with known previous positive TST or IGRA results were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After exclusion of prevalent TB cases and contact persons who had been tested positive in other settings, valid results were available for 937 index cases and 6980 close contacts (average per case 7.45; standard deviation (SD) ± 9.99; range 1–83). Of the contacts, 3459 (49.6 %) were males and 3520 (50.4 %) females. 771 contacts (11.05 %) belonged to 11 HCW subgroups, most of them (475, or 62.8 %) hospital or geriatric nurses. Foreign-born HCW did not differ significantly from non-HCW regarding origin from high-incidence countries.</div><div>By adjusting for confounders, logistic regression analysis confirmed household contact as strongest predictor for acquiring LTBI (OR 3.8, p &lt; 0.001), followed by foreign-born status (OR 2.2, p &lt; 0.001) and male gender (OR 1.28, p &lt; 0.001). Contact with a smear-positive index case only slightly increased the risk of IGRA positivity, by 16 % (OR 1.16, p = 0.024). For each additional year of age, higher odds were found at 1.86 % (OR 1.019, p &lt; 0.001] and for each additional hour of contact at approximately 0.11 % (OR 1.011, p &lt; 0.001). BCG vaccination had no significant effect on IGRA test results (OR 0.95, p = 0.41).</div><div>Employment in healthcare overall was associated with a 26 % lower risk of IGRA positivity compared to non-HCWs (OR 0.74, p = 0.013); however, in a second adjusted model focusing on specific HCW subgroups, this risk reduction was statistically significant only for hospital and geriatric nurses, with no significant difference observed in other HCW subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Working in a health-care facility overall was associated with a lower LTBI risk compared to other risk factors<del>.</del> These findings suggest that protective measures might be particularly effective in hospital and geriatric nursing, while no risk reduction was evident for other HCW subgroups. Continued targeted protective measures remain important in high-risk care environments and support the relevance of recommendations issued (and last updated 2023) by the German Central Committee against Tuberculosis (DZK).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptomatic (STB) and Asymptomatic (ATB) tuberculosis in Italy: Results from a multicenter retrospective study","authors":"Sergio Cotugno ,&nbsp;Giacomo Guido ,&nbsp;Francesco Di Gennaro ,&nbsp;Francesco Cavallin ,&nbsp;Mariantonietta Pisaturo ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Onorato ,&nbsp;Federica Zimmerhofer ,&nbsp;Luca Pipitò ,&nbsp;Giuseppina De Iaco ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Bruno ,&nbsp;Massimo Fasano ,&nbsp;Agostina Pontarelli ,&nbsp;Annarita Botta ,&nbsp;Tiziana Iacovazzi ,&nbsp;Rossana Lattanzio ,&nbsp;Roberta Papagni ,&nbsp;Elda De Vita ,&nbsp;Alberto Zolezzi ,&nbsp;Gianfranco Panico ,&nbsp;Raffaella Libertone ,&nbsp;Annalisa Saracino","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Asymptomatic tuberculosis (ATB) represents a significant proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases. This study aimed to compare ATB and symptomatic TB (STB) cases in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics, adverse events, hospital length of stay, and treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multicenter retrospective study included 510 microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB patients across ten Italian hospitals between 2018 and 2023. STB cases presented with at least one symptom such as cough, fever, chest pain, hemoptysis, dyspnea, night sweats or weight loss. ATB cases presented with no symptoms. The endpoints included adverse events, length of hospital stay, and incompleteness of the treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ATB accounted for 36.4 % of cases (184/510). STB was significantly associated with diabetes (p = 0.03), hepatitis B/C infections (p &lt; 0.0001), and history of TB (p = 0.01). Adjusting for clinically relevant confounders, STB was associated with higher occurrence of adverse events (odds ratio 2.04, 95 % confidence interval 1.31 to 3.23; p = 0.002), more severe adverse events (odds ratio 8.07, 95 % confidence interval 2.58 to 33.34; p = 0.001) and a 24 % increase in length of hospital stay (95 % confidence interval 7 % to 47 %; p = 0.005), but was not associated with incomplete treatment (odds ratio 0.79, 95 % confidence interval 0.47 to 1.32; p = 0.37).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>STB is associated with a higher burden of adverse events. ATB poses challenges for TB elimination due to its asymptomatic nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving tuberculosis infection treatment completion among pregnant and postpartum women","authors":"Kristen A. Wendorf ,&nbsp;Lisa Armitige","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}