Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of nutritional support in combination with standard Buruli ulcer treatment: A case study in Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Yao Didier Koffi ,&nbsp;Paul Aboa Koffi ,&nbsp;Evans Ehouman ,&nbsp;Saint-Pierre Kouadio ,&nbsp;Mamadou Kaloga","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Buruli ulcer (BU) is an infectious skin disease caused by <em>Mycobacterium ulcerans</em>. It primarily affects disadvantaged rural populations and mainly impacts children who are chronically malnourished being especially vulnerable. In Côte d’Ivoire, the estimated prevalence of BU in children is 30 %. Malnutrition may further deteriorate the nutritional status of these individuals. This study aimed to compare the healing time of BU patients treated with the standard protocol (SP) of 8 weeks of rifampicin and clarithromycin combined with wound care versus those treated with the standard protocol plus nutritional support using Skin Renewal Medicine-1 (SPSRM-1) (UNHWA Medical Centre, Seoul, Republic of Korea). Additionally, the study measured the effects of SRM-1 on the patients’ nutritional status.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This was a prospective, randomized, single-blind paired interventional study conducted in BU-endemic health districts of Côte d’Ivoire. This 12-month study had two arms: the standard protocol versus the test treatment (SPSRM-1). SRM-1 is a cereal-based nutraceutical composed of 60 % cereal, 25 % vegetable, and 15 % plant concentrate. Patients included in the study had uncomplicated category I and II ulcerations without comorbidities. Nutritional status including haemoglobin, albumin levels, and body mass index (BMI) was evaluated from enrolment to the end of the study, alongside ulcer healing rates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixty BU wound patients were enrolled: 30 in the control group and 30 in the test group, with a mean age of 22 years. Of the patients, 28.3 % were malnourished, and 42 % had hypoalbuminemia. At the primary endpoint, 6 patients (20.0 %) in the SPSRM1 and 5 patients (16.7 %) in the SP group achieved complete epithelialization, with a reduction rate of 0.7 % per day in the SPSRM1 group compared to 0.3 % per day in the SP group. Patients who received SRM-1 had a higher BMI than those who did not, with a mean difference of 1.72 kg/m² favouring the test group. Haemoglobin and albumin levels also showed improvement at the secondary endpoint compared to the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrated the potential benefit of adding nutritional support to improve BU treatment outcomes, by shortening the healing time of ulcerations. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational investigation of the global prevalence of multidrug resistant Mycobacterium leprae: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Hamidreza Zivarifar ,&nbsp;Forough Ahrari ,&nbsp;Mohsen Karbalaei","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by <em>Mycobacterium leprae</em> (<em>M. leprae</em>) However, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of this bacterium, especially multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, is a serious concern. This study aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of MDR <em>M. leprae</em> and its implications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed ISI Web of Science, MEDLINE, and EMBASE up to August 2023 to assess the prevalence of MDR <em>M. leprae</em>. We included human clinical trials on MDR <em>M. leprae</em>, as well as excluded reviews, animal studies, and unavailable full texts. Data was analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, and publication bias was addressed using Egger’s, Begg’s tests, and the trim-fill method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 861 articles were initially identified, of which 28 met the methodological criteria for inclusion in the quantitative synthesis. Statistically, the combined prevalence of drug resistant <em>M. leprae</em> was approximated at 11.7 % (95 % CI: 7.7–17.3; <em>I²</em>: 90.79; <em>p</em> value = 0.01). Specific drug resistance rates included 7.4 % to dapsone and 5.1 % to rifampin, among others. The global rate for MDR <em>M. leprae</em> was measured at 2.2 % (95 % CI: 1.2–3.9; <em>I²</em>: 82.68; <em>p</em> value = 0.01). Factors such as bacterial density and the lepromatous phase were associated with elevated DR <em>M. leprae</em> risk (OR: 2.69; 95 % CI: 1.35–2.48). A systematic assessment of publication bias indicated a minimal impact on the general results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The increasing prevalence of MDR <em>M. leprae</em> globally requires urgent and strategic interventions to prevent further spread, which in turn is effective in treating leprosy patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous reactivation cases identified by whole genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Exploration of possible causes in Latvian tuberculosis patients","authors":"Anda Viksna ,&nbsp;Darja Sadovska ,&nbsp;Vija Riekstina ,&nbsp;Anda Nodieva ,&nbsp;Ilva Pole ,&nbsp;Renate Ranka ,&nbsp;Iveta Ozere","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The recurrence of tuberculosis (TB) continues to place a significant burden on patients and TB programs worldwide. Repeated TB episodes can develop either due to endogenous reactivation of previously treated TB or exogenous reinfection with a distinct strain of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (Mtb). Determining the precise cause of the recurrent TB episodes and identifying reasons for endogenous reactivation of previously successfully treated patients is crucial for introducing effective TB control measures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Here, we aimed to provide a retrospective individual analysis of the clinical data of pulmonary TB patients with assumed endogenous infection reactivation based on WGS results to identify the reasons for reactivation. Patient medical files were reviewed to describe the provoking factors for endogenous reactivation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 25 patients with assumed endogenous TB reactivation were included in the study group, and 30 patients with one TB episode during the study period were included in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences identified between studied patient groups in patients age (t₍₅₃₎ = −1.53, p = 0.13), body mass index (t₍₅₃₎ = 0.82, p = 0.42), area of residency (χ²_(1;55) = 0.015, p = 0.9), employment status (χ²_{(1;55) =} 0.076, p = 0.78) and presence of comorbidities (χ²_(1;55) = 3.67, p = 0.78). Study group patients had statistically significantly more frequently positive sputum smear microscopy results (χ²_(1;55) = 8.72, p = 0.0031), longer time to sputum smear (t₍₃₁₎ = −2.2, p = 0.036) and sputum culture conversion (W ₍₅₅₎ = 198.5, p = 0.0029). Smoking was statistically significantly (χ²_(1;55) = 5.77, p = 0.016) more frequently represented among study group patients. The median treatment duration for drug susceptible TB was 6 months in both in the control group (IQR 6–6) and among study group patients (IQR 6–7.75). The median treatment duration for multidrug-resistant TB was 20 months (IQR 17–23) in the control group and 19 months (IQR 16–19) in the study group patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Positive SSM for acid-fast bacteria, delayed time to sputum smear and sputum culture conversion, smoking, and incomplete therapy in the study group patients with multidrug-resistant TB should be considered as potential reasons for reactivation in recurrent TB patient group in our study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine tuberculosis reactor cattle in Southwest Ethiopia: Risk factors for bovine tuberculosis","authors":"Dereje Tulu Robi ,&nbsp;Tsegaye Teklemariam ,&nbsp;Belay Gezahegn Gebreyes ,&nbsp;Ararsa Bogale ,&nbsp;Tamirat Haile ,&nbsp;Melkam Aleme ,&nbsp;Dawit Dejene ,&nbsp;Shiferaw Temteme ,&nbsp;Beksisa Urge","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine tuberculosis, caused by <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em>, is a chronic zoonotic disease that persists in Ethiopia despite global control efforts, impacting public health and the economy. However, little is known about the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Southwest Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and identify associated risk factors in dairy cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to October 2023 in four districts in the Sheka, Bench-Sheko, and Keffa zones. A multistage sampling approach was employed, resulting in the selection of 1,152 cattle from various herds. Tuberculin skin testing was performed to detect bovine tuberculosis, and data on potential risk factors were collected through questionnaires. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between bovine tuberculosis and various risk factors. The overall prevalence of bovine tuberculosis was 4.95% at the cow level and 22.19% at the herd level in the study areas. Significant herd-level risk factors for bovine tuberculosis included lowland areas, larger herd sizes, and the introducing new animals. At the cow level, risk factors included age, breed, body condition, herd size, introduction of new animals, and management system. The study reveals a high prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle in Southwest Ethiopia, identifying key risk factors. Effective control requires targeted interventions, such as improved management practices, enhanced farmer awareness, and a better understanding of and guidance on bovine tuberculosis strategies in Ethiopia. Future research should isolate and characterize <em>M. bovis</em> in the study areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapidly growing knowledge of Mycobacterium smegmatis: A case series and review of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns","authors":"Patrick D. Crowley ,&nbsp;James J. Vaillant ,&nbsp;Joshua D. Shirley ,&nbsp;Nancy L. Wengenack ,&nbsp;Mary Jo Kasten","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycobacterium smegmatis</em> is a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium that is rarely isolated from clinical specimens and is frequently considered to be a contaminant. We conducted a retrospective review of mycobacterial cultures positive for <em>M. smegmatis</em> from 1998 to 2023 at our institution to evaluate the clinical significance of recovering this mycobacterium. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were also determined. Twenty-two <em>M. smegmatis</em> isolates were identified from 17 patients, 12 of whom met criteria for clinical chart review. <em>M. smegmatis</em> was deemed a cause of infection in 5/5 isolates from skin or soft tissue, 3/3 from bone, 1/1 from blood, and 0/3 from respiratory specimens. All cases thought to be significant were treated with at least 2 active agents for periods varying from 2 weeks up to 8 months. 18 isolates had antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed and all were susceptible to doxycycline, imipenem, linezolid, moxifloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tobramycin while all isolates were resistant to clarithromycin. When recovered in culture, the presence of <em>M. smegmatis</em> should be correlated with clinical presentation as it may represent a true infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of family caregivers’ associated factors with medication adherence among elderly with tuberculosis in Iran","authors":"Somayeh Hassani ,&nbsp;Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulagi ,&nbsp;Mahshid Foroughan ,&nbsp;Payam Tabarsi ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni ,&nbsp;Hamidreza Jamaati ,&nbsp;Mohammad Varahram ,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Seyedmehdi ,&nbsp;Seyed Alireza Nadji","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100488","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background and Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The global incidence rate of tuberculosis and related death among the elderly are 3 times and 6 times more than that of non-elderly, respectively. Therefore, the successful treatment of tuberculosis in the elderly affects all national tuberculosis control programs. Given the fact that “medication adherence” is the main key to effective treatment, it is essential to identify the factors related to medication adherence in the elderly with tuberculosis and provide appropriate interventions. Family caregivers play a pivot role in the elderly care and treatment, and their characteristics can influence the medication adherence of the elderly with tuberculosis. The objective of present study was determining the medication adherence of the elderly with tuberculosis and the factors related to their family caregivers in Iran.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The present study was carried out through descriptive-analytical method and convenience sampling. 305 elderly patients with tuberculosis as well as their family caregivers who met the inclusion criteria were selected from those who referred to infectious diseases clinic of Masih Deneshvari Hospital in Tehran. Demographic and background data, 12-item standard general health questionnaire, Zarit Scale of Caregiver Burden questionnaire and Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence questionnaire were used for the elderly with tuberculosis. The significance level for statistical tests was considered 0.05. Data analysis of the study was done using SPSS-25 software. Independent &lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt;-test, One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test, Spearman’s correlation test and ordinal logistic regression model were also used for the analytical statistics.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Out of the elderly with tuberculosis, 44.92 % had low medication adherence, 27.54 % had moderate medication adherence, and 27.54 % had full medication adherence. Medication adherence of married elderly was significantly better than single, widowed or lonely elderly (p &lt; 0.001 and F = 53.192). The medication adherence was significantly better among the elderly whose caregivers had better general health (p &gt; 0.001 and r = 0.776) and no burden or low burden according to Zarit scale (p &gt; 0.001 and F = 357/96). In addition, there was a significant relationship between general characteristics of the caregivers (age, gender, marital status, number of children, education, knowledge about tuberculosis, sources of information, relativity to the patient, number of caregivers, employment status, and affordability) and the medication adherence of the elderly with tuberculosis. The results of simultaneous regression test of ordinal logistic regression showed that variables predict medication adherence behavior to a very acceptable level. The coefficient of determination values obtained from McFadden (0.4), Nagelkerke (0.747) and Cox-Snell (0.714) statistics demonstrated high explanatory power of the mod","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A predictive score for early in-patient tuberculosis mortality: A case-control study","authors":"Joseph Baruch Baluku ,&nbsp;Priscilla Sheilla Apolot ,&nbsp;Brenda Namanda ,&nbsp;Sharon Namiiro ,&nbsp;Shamim Katusabe ,&nbsp;Diana Karungi ,&nbsp;Reagan Nkonge ,&nbsp;Mary Madalen Angut ,&nbsp;Jasper Nidoi ,&nbsp;Robinah Nalwanga ,&nbsp;Charles Mondo ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Seremba ,&nbsp;Charles Kabugo","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In-hospital mortality rates for tuberculosis (TB) patients are high within the first seven days of admission. This study sought to identify predictors of early inpatient mortality and assess the performance of a predictive score for early mortality in a Ugandan tertiary hospital.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A case-control study was conducted at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Cases included patients admitted with TB who died within seven days of admission, while controls survived beyond this period. Logistic regression was utilized to identify early mortality predictors. The performance of an adapted predictive score (<strong>PROS</strong> score) was evaluated, assigning scores based on the following criteria: <strong>P</strong>ulse rate &gt;100 beats/min (1 point), <strong>R</strong>espiratory rate &gt;20 breaths/min (2 points), <strong>O</strong>xygen saturation &lt;92 % (4 points), and <strong>S</strong>ystolic blood pressure &lt;90 mmHg (2 points).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 602 hospitalized TB patients, 187 (31.0 %) died during admission. Among these, 78 (41.7 %) died within seven days. Wasting (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.76, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.12–15.63, p = 0.001) and respiratory rate &gt;20 breaths/min (aOR = 2.89, 95 % CI 1.19–7.00, p = 0.019) predicted early mortality. PROS score of ≥1 demonstrated a sensitivity of 87.8 % and negative predictive value of 90.0 %. The ultimate TB treatment success rate of all hospitalized patients (n = 599) was 47.4 % with 275 (45.9 %) dying during TB treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Early and long term mortality rates among hospitalized TB patients are high. Wasting and tachypnea predict early inpatient mortality. The PROS score could be useful in ruling out low-risk patients in low-resource settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value of tuberculosis-Specific antigens Ag85B, ESAT-6 and CFP10 in pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"Jie Sun ,&nbsp;Xinchun Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiang Yu ,&nbsp;Shiyu Fang ,&nbsp;Shaoqi Duan ,&nbsp;Fengjun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the diagnostic value of tuberculosis-secreted Ag85B, ESAT-6 and CFP10 in pulmonary tuberculosis.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Immunohistochemical (IHC) and acid-fast staining were performed, the detection efficiency of the two methods were analysed with chi-square test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Acid-fast staining demonstrated a sensitivity of (18/69, 26.09%) and a specificity of 100%. IHC staining for Ag85B, ESAT-6 and CFP10 was positive in all 18 cases with positive acid-fast staining and additionally positive in 25,36 and 30 cases, respectively, that were acid-fast-negative. The sensitivities of IHC staining for Ag85B, ESAT-6 and CFP10 were 62.32%, 78.26% and69.57%, respectively, while their specificities were 86.57%, 85.07% and 91.04%, respectively. Joint antigen analysis revealed that simultaneous positivity for two or three of Ag85B, ESAT-6 and CFP10 increased specificity (95.52% to 100%) but decreased sensitivity (49.28% to 62.31%). The presence of any one of the three antigens elevated sensitivity (81.16% to 88.41%) but lowered specificity (68.66% to 77.61%). Specificity reached 100% for concurrent positivity of all three antigens, while a sensitivity of 88.41% was observed for positivity of any one antigen.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP10 exhibits greater sensitivity in pulmonary tuberculosis and combined antigen testing enhances the diagnostic accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variants in the N-acetyltranferase 2 gene, acetylator phenotypes and their association with tuberculosis: Findings in Peruvian patients","authors":"Rodrigo Sánchez ,&nbsp;Oscar Acosta ,&nbsp;Lina Laymito ,&nbsp;Teodoro Oscanoa ,&nbsp;María Guevara-Fujita ,&nbsp;Saul Moscol ,&nbsp;Daisy Obispo ,&nbsp;Doris Huerta ,&nbsp;Ricardo Fujita","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly prevalent chronic infectious disease in developing countries, with Peru being one of the most affected countries in the world. The variants of the <em>N</em>-acetyltransferase 2 (<em>NAT2</em>) gene are related to xenobiotic metabolism and have potential usefulness in TB studies.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To determine whether <em>NAT2</em> gene variants and acetylator phenotypes are associated with active TB in Peruvian patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included cases (patients with TB) and controls (population-based data). First, DNA isolation and the rs1799929, rs1799930, and rs1799931 variants of the <em>NAT2</em> gene were identified using sequencing methods. Subsequently, the acetylator phenotypes, namely slow (SA), intermediate (IA), and rapid acetylation (RA), were also analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The comparison of the frequencies of the rs1799931 variant in the cases and controls revealed significant differences. Risk factors were found for both the A allele (p = 0.00; odds ratio [OR] = 3.04, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.88–4.9) and AG genotype (p = 0.00; OR = 5.94, 95 % CI: 3.17–11.09). In addition, the non-rapid acetylator phenotype (SA + IA) was also found to be a risk factor (p = 0.016; OR = 3.16, 95 % CI: 1.29–7.72).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The A allele, GA heterozygous genotype of the rs1799931 variant of the NAT2 gene, and SA + IA acetylator phenotype showed an association with increased risk for the development of TB. In addition to xenobiotic metabolism, other metabolic and immunological functions of <em>NAT2</em> have also been postulated to confer susceptibility to TB in the Peruvian population owing to its characteristic high Native American component.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis evolution from monoresistance to pre-extensive drug resistance during a prolonged household outbreak","authors":"G. Greif ,&nbsp;C. Coithino ,&nbsp;M.N. Bentancor ,&nbsp;C. Robello","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is sensitive tool for the analysis of tuberculosis transmission and drug-resistance. We used WGS to analyze the <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> evolution from isoniazid monoresistance to MDR/preXDR during a prolonged household outbreak. The outbreak started with a isoniazid resistant strain (katG S315T mutation) and evolve in two cases to pre-XDR phenotype (with mutations in katG, rpoB, embB, pncA and gyrA genes). Based on WGS data and epidemiological interview we proposed a possible chain of transmission an evolution of the strains.</div><div>Similar intra-patient and inter-patient acquisition of variability was observed, making difficult to distinguish reinfection or reactivation. Analysis of WGS data together with epidemiological clinical history are discussed in order to distinguish between prolonged infections or transition from latency to reactivation. Classical interview and clinical history taking should be consider to fully understanding WGS data. With a still low incidence of TB cases, Uruguay could use universal WGS of all isolates to reduce time of diagnosis, detect outbreaks and perform public actions to reduce TB incidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}