Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Silent barriers: psycho-social factors and the hidden risk of medication non-adherence among tuberculosis patients in Mongolia","authors":"Munkhzaya Namsraijav ,&nbsp;Basbish Tsogbadrakh ,&nbsp;Orn-Anong Wichaikhum ,&nbsp;Azadeh Stark","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medication non-adherence, potentially influenced by psychological and social factors, is a major barrier to effective treatment of tuberculosis. This study aimed to examine the associations between anxiety, depression, and social support with medication adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 215 inpatients at the National Center for Communicable Diseases. Data were collected using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS), Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3). Associations with medication adherence were examined using chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the participants, 53.0% (n = 114) exhibited clinical signs of depression, and 44.2% (n = 95) had borderline or abnormal anxiety. Medication non-adherence was reported in 56.7% of patients. Abnormal anxiety was linked to a threefold higher risk of non-adherence (OR = 3.829, 95% CI = 1.495–9.807, P = 0.005). Poor (OR = 2.769, P = 0.024) and moderate (OR = 2.409, P = 0.043) social support also significantly increased risk. Depression was common but not significantly associated with adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Anxiety and social support influence TB patients’ adherence with their treatment repertoire. Screening for anxiety and implementing interventions to enhance social and family support may improve adherence and optimize treatment outcomes in this patient population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic efficacy of bronchoscopy guided by hand-drawn mapping in the diagnosis of initial treatment for sputum-smear negative peripheral pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"Yukun Tao ,&nbsp;Xiuyan Liu ,&nbsp;Yaning Liu ,&nbsp;Yiming Ma ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Ming Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the clinical value and safety of hand–drawn mapping for bronchoscopic navigation combined with radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP–EBUS) in the diagnosis of primary peripheral sputum smear–negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPTB).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients suspected of having peripheral–type primary SNPTB, who were admitted to Southeast University Zhongda Hospital from 2021 to 2024, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy rate, and area under the receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curve were evaluated with different diagnostic methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 212 patients were enrolled, including 149 in the SNPTB group and 63 in the non–SNPTB group. The success rate of ultrasound bronchoscopy exploration is 90.6 %. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and AUC value of bronchoscopy guided by hand-drawn mapping were 92.6 %, 95.2 %, 93.4 %, and 0.939, respectively, which were superior to those of T-SPOT detection (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Among the various sampling methods, EBUS–guided bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomic next–generation sequencing (EBUS–BALF mNGS) demonstrated the highest sensitivity (86.6 %), positive predictive value (89.6 %), and AUC (0.917).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>For peripheral SNPTB, the combination of hand–drawn navigation and RP–EBUS is both safe and effective. EBUS–BALF mNGS demonstrated the highest diagnostic efficiency. When radial ultrasound detects hypoechoic areas of the lesion, it is recommended to perform BALF mNGS. Conversely, in solid lesions, the negative rate of BALF mNGS is relatively high, and combining mNGS with biopsy is recommended to further improve diagnostic efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curated Cases from the TB Expert Network: Unplugged!: Navigating Uncertainty in Treatment of a Child with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis","authors":"James Gaensbauer ,&nbsp;Emily Harrison ,&nbsp;Kristen Wendorf ,&nbsp;Lisa Armitige ,&nbsp;Erin Corriveau ,&nbsp;Connie A. Haley ,&nbsp;Ethel D. Weld ,&nbsp;Lisa Chen ,&nbsp;Vaishnavi Ramesh ,&nbsp;Neela Goswami","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100593","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U.S. Health department roles and challenges in conducting contact evaluation for tuberculosis aircraft contact investigations","authors":"Samantha Swisher ,&nbsp;Marco M. Salerno ,&nbsp;Alida Gertz ,&nbsp;Katelynne Gardner Toren ,&nbsp;Shannon Gearhart ,&nbsp;Shu-Hua Wang ,&nbsp;Douglas Weigelt ,&nbsp;Laura Young ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Zaborowski ,&nbsp;Emily F. Squire ,&nbsp;Yonette Hercules ,&nbsp;Donna Hope Wegener ,&nbsp;Sundari Mase","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To describe the experiences of U.S. tuberculosis (TB) program officials participating in contact investigations after TB exposures on aircraft in order to 1) characterize barriers to participation and 2) better understand reasons for low return of outcomes data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We surveyed 51 TB professionals representing 47 jurisdictions about their experiences participating in TB aircraft contact investigations coordinated by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most jurisdictions (43/47, 91%) reported that they attempt an evaluation for every contact in their jurisdiction, and a smaller proportion (33/47, 70%) reported that they always participate in voluntary return of outcomes to CDC. Approaches to distributing and completing requests for evaluation were highly variable, but in most cases (32/47, 68%) involved contributions by both state and local jurisdictions. Common challenges in evaluating contacts included difficulty reaching exposed individuals due to incorrect locating information or contact non-responsiveness (36/47, 76%), as well as limited staffing (24/47, 51%) and resources (17/47, 36%). Barriers to returning outcomes to CDC included (for states) difficulty getting responses from local jurisdictions (24/38, 63%), limited staff (17/47, 36%), and limited resources (16/47, 34%).</div></div><div><h3>Public health implications</h3><div>Many high-income, low TB burden countries, including the United States, conduct TB aircraft contact investigations, but limited available data suggest that TB transmission on aircraft is likely rare and not well-documented. Given the substantial challenges many jurisdictions reported, it may be appropriate for CDC to reconsider its approach to investigating TB exposure events on aircraft.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in tuberculosis treatment: Towards shorter, safer, and more effective therapies","authors":"Katherine Timboe ,&nbsp;J.Brooks Jackson ,&nbsp;Greta L. Becker","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the leading infectious cause of death globally. Although effective treatments are available, treatment length, drug toxicity, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains have challenged TB control efforts. Current clinical trials are focused on developing shorter, safer, and more effective regimens that incorporate both new and repurposed agents for the treatment of TB. This narrative review provides an overview of current and emerging treatment options for drug-susceptible, drug-resistant, and latent TB based on recent clinical trials and WHO guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiologic trajectories and burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) mortality across South Asia: An analysis of Global Burden of Disease data (1990–2023) with machine learning forecasting to 2050","authors":"Ibrahim Khalil ,&nbsp;Sakib Abrar ,&nbsp;I.M. Khalid Reza ,&nbsp;Md. Imran Hossain ,&nbsp;Mst. Mahmuda Akter ,&nbsp;Farhana Sultana","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a major public health challenge in South Asia, which bears a disproportionate global burden. Comprehensive, longitudinal analyses of MDR-TB mortality trends, stratified by country and sex, with forward-looking projections are limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 to examine age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) attributable to MDR-TB in South Asia and its countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan) from 1990 to 2023. Trends were assessed by sex, and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated via log-linear regression. Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models were employed to forecast ASMR through 2050, with 95% prediction intervals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regional ASMR rose from 0.25 per 100,000 (95% UI: 0.03–0.88) in 1990 to a peak of 6.34 (95% UI: 2.56–13.56) in 2010, declining to 3.63 (95% UI: 0.54–9.80) by 2023, driven predominantly by India and Pakistan. Nepal exhibited consistent declines (EAPC: −2.44%; 95% CI: −3.21 to −1.66), while Pakistan showed the highest increase (EAPC: 6.16%; 95% CI: 3.21–9.19). Males consistently had higher ASMR across all settings. Forecasts suggest continued declines toward near-elimination in Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal, but potential substantial rebounds in India, Pakistan, and regionally, with upper prediction intervals exceeding 20–40 per 100,000 by 2050 in high-burden scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite progress in some countries, MDR-TB mortality remains elevated in populous nations, with persistent male excess. Projections highlight risks of resurgence without intensified interventions. These findings underscore the urgent need for tailored, gender-sensitive strategies and enhanced regional collaboration to achieve End TB targets in South Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of food insecurity on hazardous alcohol consumption and psychological well-being among people with tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda","authors":"Jonathan Izudi ,&nbsp;Saidi Appeli ,&nbsp;Francis Bajunirwe","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Rationale</h3><div>Food insecurity (FI), hazardous alcohol consumption (HAC), and poor mental health are common among people with tuberculosis (TB), yet empirical evidence on their interrelationships remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We evaluated the effect of FI on HAC and psychological well-being among people with pulmonary TB in Kampala, Uganda.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected data across five TB clinics and constructed a quasi-experimental design. FI was the exposure, measured using the FI Experience Scale (FIES). FIES scores range between 0 and 8, and individuals were classified as food insecure if they scored ≥ 4. The primary outcome was HAC, assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) tool. Participants with AUDIT scores ≥ 16, indicating high-risk drinking or possible alcohol dependence, were categorized as having HAC. The secondary outcome was psychological well-being measured using the World Health Organization’s Five Well-Being Index, with a total score of &lt;15 indicating poor psychological well-being. We used doubly robust estimation to report causal risk ratios (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 818 participants, 475 (58.1 %) were from food-insecure households, 153 (18.7 %) had HAC, and 316 (38.6 %) had poor psychological well-being. FI was independently associated with HAC (RR 1.43, 95 % CI: 1.21–1.69), but not poor psychological well-being (RR 1.06, 95 % CI: 0.81–1.37).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>FI is associated with a higher likelihood of HAC but not psychological well-being among people with TB in Kampala, Uganda. Given their high prevalence, there is a need to address food insecurity, HAC, and poor psychological well-being within TB control programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenesis of tubercular retinal vasculitis: An ongoing quest","authors":"Ikhwanuliman Putera ,&nbsp;Rina La Distia Nora ,&nbsp;Saskia M. Rombach ,&nbsp;P. Martin van Hagen ,&nbsp;Willem A. Dik","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on “Tuberculosis infection control in MDR-TB designated hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China”","authors":"Sushma Narsing Katkuri ,&nbsp;Varshini Vadhithala ,&nbsp;Arun Kumar ,&nbsp;Sushma Verma ,&nbsp;Dhanya Dedeepya","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2026.100581","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100581"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment outcomes among patients with mycobacterial blood stream infection in a tertiary hospital:a retrospective study form 2019 to 2023","authors":"Liangzi Yang ,&nbsp;Houming Liu ,&nbsp;Senlin Zhan ,&nbsp;Hongjuan Qin ,&nbsp;Peize Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mycobacteria are rare causes of blood stream infections (BSI). Mycobacterial BSI is associated with a significantly increased risk of early death compared with other bacterial blood infectious diseases. Clinical characteristics and mortality rate of different Mycobacteria BSI remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study of patients with positive mycobacterial blood cultures hospitalized between January 1, 2019, and June 30, 2023, at Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, a 1500-bed tertiary university-affiliated hospital in southern China, was performed. Clinical characteristics and mortality rate of patients with different Mycobacteria BSI were reviewed and analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-one hospitalized patients with positive mycobacterium blood cultures were identified. Of the 41 participants, 37 (90.2 %) were newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. 7 (17.1 %) BSI was caused by <em>M. tuberculosis</em> and 34 (82.9 %) was by non-tuberculosis mycobacteria. Twelve patients died, with an overall mortality rate of 29.3 %. The median day from admission to death is 24 days. More than 70 % (30/41) of patients were treated with three or more antibiotics for mycobacterial BSI. The mortality rate was higher in the TB-BSI group compared to the NTM-BSI group (57.1 % vs. 23.5 %, p = 0.110). The median time from hospital admission to death was similar for both groups (NTM-BSI: 27.5 days; TB-BSI: 19 days).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The mortality rate of patients with mycobacterial BSI is high. Mycobacterial BSI occur mostly in severely ill patients with HIV/AIDS. TB-BSI was associated with a higher mortality rate compared to NTM-BSI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}