T. Kyle Stoops MD , Josué G. Layuno-Matos BA , Peter Simon PhD , Kenneth A. Gustke MD , Thomas L. Bernasek MD
{"title":"Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasties: Why Do They Fail?","authors":"T. Kyle Stoops MD , Josué G. Layuno-Matos BA , Peter Simon PhD , Kenneth A. Gustke MD , Thomas L. Bernasek MD","doi":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Metal sensitivity reaction is a major concern in painful failed metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA), but it may not be the dominant failure mode. We investigated revised MoM THAs for failure etiologies, operative indications, and clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ninety consecutive revised MoM THAs were reviewed. Preoperative evaluation included inflammatory markers, metal ion levels, radiographs, metal artifact reduction sequence magnetic resonance imaging, synovial fluid analysis, and operative histopathology. Outcome measures included advanced imaging and laboratory findings, revision etiology, and clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Metal sensitivity reactions (MSRs) accounted for 36% of MoM failures, with 64% of MoM THA being revised for non-MSR-related etiologies. Failure etiologies not related to MoM bearing articulation included prosthetic joint infection (14%), aseptic loosening (13%), isolated abductor failure (7%), periprosthetic fracture (3%), recurrent dislocation (3%), symptomatic heterotopic ossification (3%), mechanical failure (1%), and angiosarcoma (1%). Additionally, 18% of patients had painful MoM THA with no identifiable failure etiology; of these patients, 69% had continued pain following revision. Patients with large periarticular fluid collections had an odds ratio of 19.2 (P =< 0.0001) of having MSR. Cobalt (Co) levels were statistically higher in patients with MSR compared to non-MSR-related failures (<em>P</em> = .034). Chromium (Cr) ion levels and the Co/Cr ratio did not predict MSR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The majority of revised MoM THAs did not have MSR. Large periarticular fluid collections and elevated Co levels were highly predictive of MSR. Painful MoM THA without an identifiable failure etiology resulted in a high incidence of persistent pain following revision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37940,"journal":{"name":"Arthroplasty Today","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philomena Burger BA , Mina Botros MD , Katelyn S. Quartuccio PharmD, BCIDP , Sonal S. Munsiff MD , Thomas Myers MD, MPT
{"title":"“Bilateral Capnocytophaga Canimorsus Periprosthetic Joint Infections in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review”","authors":"Philomena Burger BA , Mina Botros MD , Katelyn S. Quartuccio PharmD, BCIDP , Sonal S. Munsiff MD , Thomas Myers MD, MPT","doi":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 63-year-old dog owner with bilateral total knee arthroplasties developed periprosthetic joint infections bilaterally due to <em>Capnocytophaga canimorsus</em> (<em>C canimorsus</em>), a bacterium commonly found in the saliva of dogs and cats. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures from explant surgery were negative; however, bacterial 16S polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing of the amplified product identified <em>C canimorsus</em> in both knees. Treatment was successful with bilateral explant, antibiotic spacers, intravenous antibiotics, and reimplantation. <em>C canimorsus</em> is a rare cause of prostheses infections. As total knee arthroplasty prevalence increases, infections will also increase. Treatment is best provided with collaboration among orthopaedic surgeons, infectious disease specialists, and pharmacists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37940,"journal":{"name":"Arthroplasty Today","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander S. Dash MD, MSCR, Michael A. Hewitt BA, Richard A. Ruberto MD, Tiffany A. Smith MD, Carl L. Herndon MD, Nana O. Sarpong MD, MBA
{"title":"Body Mass Index Above 35 Has Increased Risk of Complications but Still Achieves Clinically Meaningful Improvement in Patient-Reported Outcomes After Anterior-Based Total Hip Arthroplasty","authors":"Alexander S. Dash MD, MSCR, Michael A. Hewitt BA, Richard A. Ruberto MD, Tiffany A. Smith MD, Carl L. Herndon MD, Nana O. Sarpong MD, MBA","doi":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Increased perioperative complications in obese patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) have previously been reported. There is a relative paucity of data evaluating these complications strictly in the context of anterior-based THA. In this study, we compare the outcomes following anterior-based THA as a function of body mass index (BMI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 1:1 matched retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients undergoing anterior-based THA from January 2022 to June 2024 with a BMI >35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> were matched 1:1 based on age and sex to patients with a BMI <35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> from our division registry. Demographic data, surgical details, complications (intraoperative and postoperative), and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs: 12-Item Short Form P/M, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index-P/S/F) were collected and analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 280 patients included (140 per group). There were 27 postoperative complications in the BMI >35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> group and 10 in the BMI <35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> group (<em>P</em> < .01). There were 10 major complications (4 dislocations, 2 periprosthetic fractures, and 4 deep infections requiring incision and drainage) in the BMI over 35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> group, with no major complications occurring in the lower BMI group. There were 3 intraoperative complications (periprosthetic fracture), all in patients with BMI >35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. There was significant improvement in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index P/S/F scores and 12-Item Short Form pain in both groups at 3 months postoperatively, with greater improvements seen in the BMI >35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The present study found that despite significant differences in postoperative complications, there were significant improvements in PROMs in patients with a BMI above and below 35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> who underwent anterior THA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37940,"journal":{"name":"Arthroplasty Today","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter P. Hsiue MD , Jeffrey A. O’Donnell MD , Ryan Cheng BA , Elliot Sappey-Marinier MD , Tarik Ait Si Selmi MD , Friedrich Boettner MD
{"title":"Fracture of the Femoral Broach Locking Mechanism and Surgical Technique to Retrieve the Broach","authors":"Peter P. Hsiue MD , Jeffrey A. O’Donnell MD , Ryan Cheng BA , Elliot Sappey-Marinier MD , Tarik Ait Si Selmi MD , Friedrich Boettner MD","doi":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current case series reports on 4 cases of intraoperative fracture of the femoral broach locking mechanism during total hip arthroplasty and subsequent entrapment of the broach. Three of the cases were performed via the direct anterior approach and 1 was performed with the posterolateral approach. Two femoral broach locking mechanisms fractured with the use of a power broaching device and 2 occurred when using the calcar planar. The authors also discuss a minimally invasive technique to remove the broach. While intraoperative fracture of the femoral broach locking mechanism is not a common complication, surgeons should be aware of the potential causes of these complications as well as strategies and techniques to retrieve the broach should they encounter this issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37940,"journal":{"name":"Arthroplasty Today","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin Leal BS , Alexander F. Heimann MD , Eric S. Dilbone MD , Sean P. Ryan MD , Samuel S. Wellman MD
{"title":"How Much Does a Computed Tomography-Based Mixed-Reality Navigation System Change Freehand Acetabular Component Position?","authors":"Justin Leal BS , Alexander F. Heimann MD , Eric S. Dilbone MD , Sean P. Ryan MD , Samuel S. Wellman MD","doi":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study evaluates how a computed tomography-based mixed-reality (MR) navigation system impacts acetabular component orientation compared to freehand positioning in total hip arthroplasty.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A series of 79 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty utilizing a computed tomography-based MR navigation system were reviewed. The surgeon initially placed the acetabular cup freehand, attempting to achieve the preoperative plan, and this initial intraoperative orientation was recorded. The cup was then adjusted to the planned position. The difference between freehand and planned tilt-adjusted operative anteversion (OA) and inclination (OI) determined the navigation tool’s impact.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean preoperative planned OA was 30.1 ± 2.0 (range: 25, 35) degrees, and the mean freehand intraoperative OA was 30.2 ± 9.1 (range: 4, 57) degrees (<em>P</em> = .885), requiring a mean adjustment of 6.8 ± 5.1 (range: 0, 23) degrees. Freehand OA was corrected at least 5 degrees in 54.4% (43/79) of cases. The mean preoperative planned OI was 40.8 ± 0.6 (range: 39, 42) degrees, and the mean freehand intraoperative OI was 37.8 ± 6.6 (range: 18, 53) degrees (<em>P</em> < .001), requiring a mean adjustment of 5.7 ± 4.5 (range: 0, 22) degrees to achieve. Freehand OI was corrected at least 5 degrees in 43.0% (34/79) of cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Freehand acetabular component positioning in the lateral position is variable when attempting to execute patient-specific numerical cup orientation targets. Use of this navigation tool led the surgeon to correct more than 5 degrees in both OA and OI in roughly half of the hips.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37940,"journal":{"name":"Arthroplasty Today","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anastasia A. Hunt MD, Ian Hollyer MD, Nicole S. Pham MPH, William J. Maloney MD, James I. Huddleston III MD
{"title":"Residual Postoperative Valgus After Total Knee Arthroplasty for Preoperative Valgus Deformity Results in Inferior Patient-Reported Outcomes","authors":"Anastasia A. Hunt MD, Ian Hollyer MD, Nicole S. Pham MPH, William J. Maloney MD, James I. Huddleston III MD","doi":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The optimal postoperative coronal alignment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for preoperative valgus deformity is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the impact of postoperative coronal alignment on clinical outcomes following TKA for valgus deformities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients in preoperative valgus undergoing primary TKA between 2010 and 2020 with at least 1 year of follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative mechanical alignment was assessed on long-leg radiographs via the hip-knee-ankle angle. Postoperative alignment was categorized into valgus (>2° valgus), neutral (within 2° of the mechanical axis), or varus (>2° varus). Patient demographics, preoperative and postoperative outcome scores, and complications were collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>106 patients met inclusion criteria, with a mean preoperative valgus deformity of 11° (standard deviation ± 6.1). Postoperatively, 18 patients were in varus alignment, 58 were neutral, and 30 remained in valgus. At 2-year follow-up, multivariate analyses showed that patients in neutral or varus alignment postoperatively had superior Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey Physical and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Pain scores compared to those in residual valgus. Varus knees showed significantly greater improvement in Knee Society Score Function scores compared to valgus knees. At final follow-up, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Pain scores were significantly better in varus knees. Patients in varus were 7.79 times more likely to achieve the minimal clinically important difference VR-12 Physical score, while patients in neutral were 3.26 times more likely to achieve the minimal clinically important difference for Knee Society Score Function when compared to valgus knees.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Correcting preoperative valgus coronal alignment to neutral or varus yields improved patient-reported outcomes when compared to residual valgus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37940,"journal":{"name":"Arthroplasty Today","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Guild MD , Joseph Schwab MD , Bailey J. Ross MD , Mary Jane McConnell BS , Farideh Najafi MD , Thomas L. Bradbury MD
{"title":"Is Robotic-Assisted Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Compared to Manual Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Associated With Decreased Revision Rates? An Updated Matched Cohort Analysis","authors":"George Guild MD , Joseph Schwab MD , Bailey J. Ross MD , Mary Jane McConnell BS , Farideh Najafi MD , Thomas L. Bradbury MD","doi":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite increased utilization of robotic assistance during unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), its impact on postoperative outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to compare rates of postoperative revision and complications among patients undergoing robotic-assisted UKA (RA-UKA) versus manual UKA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective matched cohort study was performed. Trends analysis of the annual proportion of RA-UKA between 2010 and 2021 was performed, and RA-UKA patients (n = 3976) were matched 1:3 with manual UKA patients (n = 11,766) across age, sex, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, and comorbidities. Rates of 2-year prosthesis-related complications were compared between the matched cohorts using multivariable logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The annual proportion of UKA procedures performed with robotic assistance trended significantly upward (1.51% to 5.19%, <em>P</em> < .001). Within 2 years postoperatively, the RA-UKA cohort exhibited significantly lower rates of aseptic revision (1.84% vs 2.37%; odds ratio: 0.76; <em>P</em> = .040) and aseptic loosening (0.13% vs 0.42%; odds ratio: 0.32; <em>P</em> = .010). Total cost for the index UKA was significantly higher for the RA-UKA cohort ($10,321 vs $7,366; <em>P</em> < .001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There has been a marked increase in utilization of RA-UKA. Compared to matched manual UKA, RA-UKA had lower rates of revision and aseptic loosening at 2-year follow-up, but at a higher total cost for the index procedure. Further research exploring the use of robotics in UKA with attention to patient outcomes and cost is crucial for defining its evolving role in orthopaedic surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37940,"journal":{"name":"Arthroplasty Today","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101652"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ran Atzmon MD , Landon Polakof MD , Adam Wang PhD , Seth Sherman MD , Nicholas John Giori MD, PhD
{"title":"One High-Volume Posteromedial Knee Capsular Injection Can Provide Safe Anesthetic Infiltration Across the Entire Posterior Knee Capsule","authors":"Ran Atzmon MD , Landon Polakof MD , Adam Wang PhD , Seth Sherman MD , Nicholas John Giori MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anesthetic injection through the central or posterolateral knee capsule for analgesia after knee surgery risks popliteal vessel and tibial and peroneal nerve injury. We evaluated the distribution of a high volume of fluid injected through only the posteromedial capsule and compared it to a technique involving injections through the posteromedial and posterolateral capsules.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four fresh cadaveric knees were injected with 50 ml of Omnipaque 350 diluted 1:4 with normal saline through the posteromedial knee capsule. In four other specimens, we followed a published protocol by injecting 12.5 ml posteromedially and 12.5 ml posterolaterally. The knees were then ranged 20 times over 20 minutes before obtaining a computed tomography scan to evaluate the spread of injected contrast fluid.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both techniques demonstrated broad distribution of injected fluid posterior to the capsule. An average of 80% of the capsular width at the level of the injection was within 5 mm of the injected contrast with the single injection, while 63% was with the two-injection technique.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>One 50 mL injection through the posteromedial knee capsule can provide broad medial, lateral, superior, and inferior distribution of anesthetic without risking injury to neurovascular structures. This has become our preferred method of anesthetizing the posterior knee during knee surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37940,"journal":{"name":"Arthroplasty Today","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudio Diaz-Ledezma MD , Angel X. Xiao MD, MSE , Juan David Lizcano MD , Erik N. Hansen MD , Camilo Restrepo MD , William J. Hozack MD
{"title":"Two-Dimensional Preoperative Digital Templating is Less Accurate When Using a Collared Triple Taper Stem Versus a Single Taper Design","authors":"Claudio Diaz-Ledezma MD , Angel X. Xiao MD, MSE , Juan David Lizcano MD , Erik N. Hansen MD , Camilo Restrepo MD , William J. Hozack MD","doi":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Collared triple taper stems (CTTS) and single taper stems (STS) have an excellent performance in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). While 2-dimensional radiographic templating is accurate for STS, data are lacking for CTTS. We hypothesize that CTTS’ more anatomical design in the anteroposterior dimension may lead to inaccurate templating sizing. This study compared templating accuracy of CTTS to a predecessor STS in THA patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>106 THA performed with CTTS were compared to 106 THA performed with STS by 2 high-volume surgeons. The stems chosen for comparison were manufactured by the same company, use the same templating software, shared an identical medial-lateral profile, and offered the same size range. The ability of digital templating to predict final implant size was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Template to stem accuracy was 36.8% for CTTS and 49.1% for STS (<em>P</em> = .07). Accuracy within 1 size was 88.7% for CTTS versus 95.2% for STS (<em>P</em> = .1). CTTS was implanted using a smaller size compared to the template twice as frequently as STS (43.4% vs 20.8%; <em>P</em> < .01). CTTS was 3.7 times more likely to have implants 2 or more sizes under the template compared to STS (10.4% vs 2.8%; <em>P</em> = .02). In logistic regression, the only predictor of implant 2+ sizes under the template was type of stem (<em>P</em> = .04).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The accuracy of conventional templating for CTTS is lower than the predecessor STS, with the template often suggesting a larger size. Bi-planar or 3-dimensional preoperative templating could potentially be a more accurate technique, especially during the initial learning curve with these stems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37940,"journal":{"name":"Arthroplasty Today","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101658"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}