Childhood in the Past最新文献

{"title":"Contagion in the Capital: Exploring the Impact of Urbanisation and Infectious Disease Risk on Child Health in Nineteenth-Century London, England","authors":"S. Newman, Claire M. Hodson","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956059","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Nineteenth-century London was notorious for overcrowding, poor housing, and heavy air pollution. With a large proportion of its population living in conditions of poverty, diseases flourished as people were increasingly drawn to the industrialising centres of England in search of employment opportunities. Utilising historical documentary and skeletal evidence, this paper explores the impact of increasing urbanisation on non-adult (those aged 0–17 years) health, particularly in relation to exposure to a multitude of infectious diseases in circulation during this time. Focusing on the community of St Bride’s Church, London, it highlights the greater susceptibility of infants and children to risk of severe morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, particularly amongst the lower classes. When considered against the socio-political, cultural and economic milieu of nineteenth-century London, this reveals how the multi-faceted process of urbanisation exacerbated ill-health, increased susceptibility to deadly infectious pathogens, and ultimately further marginalised its poorest inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"14 1","pages":"177 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48954968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Environmental Influences on Infant Development and Their Potential Role in Processes of Cultural Transmission and Long-Term Technological Change","authors":"F. Coward, P. Howard-Jones","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956057","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Emerging understanding of the extent to which the childhood environment can influence long-term neural and cognitive development may justify greater attention to its role in prehistory. In this review, we attempt to identify a range of ways in which changes to the rearing environment might impact on cognitive function with the potential to modify processes of cultural transmission. We focus on the types of change to the infant environment that may arise when moving from mobile hunter-gather to more settled agrarian lifeways. We consider the evidence for such early environmental factors bringing about enduring effects on perceptual tuning, shared attention, behavioural regulation and observational learning, and how these might contribute to differences in processes of cultural transmission across lifeways. We conclude that the potential developmental significance of cultural changes to the infant environment suggests more attention should be paid by archaeologists to lines of evidence related to early childhood environments in prehistory.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"14 1","pages":"80 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42710122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing Up in the Ice Age. Fossil and Archaeological Evidence of the Lived Lives of Plio-Pleistocene Children","authors":"F. Riede, M. Meyer","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"14 1","pages":"197 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45667185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Family in Past Perspective: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of Familial Relationships Through Time","authors":"Meredith A. B. Ellis","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"14 1","pages":"201 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46656369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Votive Statuettes Representing Pairs with Infant/s in Latium Vetus and Southern Etruria: Religious Agency, Family Dynamics and the Role of Space","authors":"Giulia Pedrucci","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956060","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The focus of this article is a particular type of votive statuette representing an adult male and female with infant(s) produced in ancient Latium and southern Etruria from approximately the 5th to the 2nd century BCE. By analyzing this material, my research provides hypotheses regarding who and what is behind the act of offering a votive representation of adult(s) with infant(s). The usage of a specific kind of ex-voto to communicate with human and trans-human entities for religious and social purposes likely went beyond merely a biological mother–child link. The analysis of the location of sanctuaries or votive deposits in which these statuettes have been found provides important considerations in terms of visibility and accessibility. The findings highlight both the importance of offspring for families and communities and the multivocal nature of child-rearing.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"14 1","pages":"145 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45230632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Children Mark the Change: Funerary Rituals and Socio-Demographic Dynamics in Pontecagnano (Salerno, Campania) between the 9th and 5th Centuries BCE","authors":"A. Sperduti, Bruno d’Agostino, Patrizia Gastaldi, Ilda Faiella, I. Fiore, C. Pellegrino, Carmelo Rizzo, L. Bondioli","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956052","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pontecagnano is one of the largest pre-Roman sites in southern Italy, best known for its necropolises, located around the inhabited area. Archaeological excavations of the burial areas have uncovered more than ten thousand burials. Several studies have highlighted different phases of the settlement’s development from the 9th to the 3rd century BCE, which are marked by major societal and cultural shifts. In turn, these periods are reflected by changes in funerary customs. The present study aims to provide further evidence of these social transitions through an interdisciplinary analysis focused on the non-adult population. The analysis integrates archaeological, anthropological, and archeozoological data relating to 152 burials from three chronologically and spatially distinct funerary sectors: Colucci (early Iron Age, 9th century – 8th century BCE); De Chiara (Orientalizing period, 7th century – 6th century BCE); and Baldi (Archaic period, 6th century – first half of the 5th century BCE).","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"14 1","pages":"125 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43390991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"Francesca Fulminante","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"14 1","pages":"193 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43877745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction","authors":"S. Halcrow","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956058","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in research on infancy and childhood in the social sciences with significant developments in method and theory on the topic in anthropology, sociology and history (Alanen 2014; Baxter 2005; Gottlieb 2000; Heywood 2017; James and Prout 2015; Lewis 2006, 2017; Lillehammer 2015; Nowell and Kurki 2020). Anthropological and historical approaches have moved from simply seeking to find and include infants and children in interpretations, towards more sophisticated understandings of the multivocality of infancy and childhood, their roles, and their relationships with caregivers, family and society (Baxter 2005; Gowland and Halcrow 2020; Heywood 2017; Kendall and Kendall 2021; Lillehammer 2015). Within these disciplines, there has been an adoption of a sophisticated appreciation of social life course theory, agency and resilience, and the archaeology of care, emotion and grief (Gowland 2015; Inglis and Halcrow 2018; Lewis 2006, 2017). In anthropological science there has been significant development of methodological advances in chemical and molecular analysis of food remains, sampling techniques for infant feeding and weaning, and a development of theoretical sophistication to understand their biological and social fragility from a lifecourse, the maternal–infant nexus and developmental origins of health and disease perspective (Beaumont and Montgomery 2015; Dunne et al. 2019; Gowland 2015; Gowland and Halcrow 2020; Halcrow et al. 2017). The collection of papers in this special issue showcase research on infancy and childhood with sophisticated theoretical and methodological approaches to this topic. These papers are particularly fitting for Childhood in the Past: An International Journal, an interdisciplinary forum for the publication of research on all aspects of childhood in the past, which transcends conventional disciplinary boundaries and time periods. This issue represents a significant contribution to understanding the role of children and childhood during the transition to urbanization in Europe through the lens of multiple approaches, including bioarchaeological, archaeological, cognitive developmental (palaeoanthropological), sociological and historical research on infants and children, using a variety of new analytical techniques. This issue is organized chronologically from the consideration of cognitive development during prehistory to the nineteenth-century urban environment. The first paper by Coward and Howard-Jones explores the possible role of early infant cognitive development in technological innovation during prehistory. They explore why infancy is a special time in terms of the potential for the environment to impact cognitive development and compare the experiences of infants within small-scale foraging and small-scale agrarian societies. Coward and Howard-Jones argue that a small-scale agrarian","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"14 1","pages":"75 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45755708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear of COVID-19 changes the motivation for physical activity participation: Polish-Chinese comparisons.","authors":"Dominika Wilczyńska, Jianye Li, Yin Yang, Hongying Fan, Taofeng Liu, Mariusz Lipowski","doi":"10.5114/hpr.2021.105007","DOIUrl":"10.5114/hpr.2021.105007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 has brought people many negative emotions, such as fear and anxiety about the epidemic. However, when people in different countries face the COVID-19 epidemic, the impact is also different due to different cultural and sports habits. Therefore, this study compares China and Poland's sports motivations in the face of COVID-19 anxiety to find out the cultural differences behind them.</p><p><strong>Participants and procedure: </strong>In the study were <i>N</i> = 674 participants (female <i>n</i> = 407, male <i>n</i> = 260, other <i>n</i> = 4). Their average age was <i>M</i> = 29.86, <i>SD</i> = 11.03. There were <i>n</i> = 381 participants in the Chinese sample, and <i>n</i> = 293 in Polish. The scales used for the purpose of the study were the Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives (IPAO) and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study results showed that the increased level of COVID-19 anxiety changed selected motives for physical activity, and different changes of motives characterized women and men as well as people of different ages. As predicted in the study model, culture was the moderator of the shifts of the selected motives.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The understanding of what motivates individuals to participate in sport seems to have significant value, especially for health practitioners and researchers to design appropriate interventions and programs to increase activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"10 1","pages":"138-148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10687523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76970775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ages and Abilities: The Stages of Childhood and their Social Recognition in Prehistoric Europe and Beyond (SSCIP Monograph 9)","authors":"E. Kendall","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1905888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1905888","url":null,"abstract":"Ages and Abilities explores social responses to childhood stages from the late Neolithic to Classical Antiquity in Central Europe and the Mediterranean and includes cross-cultural comparison to expand the theoretical and methodological framework. By comparing osteological and archaeological evidence, as well as integrating images and texts, authors consider whether childhood age classes are archaeologically recognizable, at which approximated ages transitions took place, whether they are gradual or abrupt and different for girls and boys. Age transitions may be marked by celebrations and rituals; cultural accentuation of developmental stages may be reflected by inclusion or exclusion at cemeteries, by objects associated with childhood such as feeding vessels and toys, and gradual access to adult material culture. Access to tools, weapons and status symbols, as well as children’s agency, rank and social status, are recurrent themes. The volume accounts for the variability in how a range of chronologically and geographically diverse communities perceived children and childhood, and at the same time, discloses universal trends in child development in the (pre-)historic past.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"14 1","pages":"70 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2021.1905888","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60434444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}