{"title":"Introduction","authors":"S. Halcrow","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1956058","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in research on infancy and childhood in the social sciences with significant developments in method and theory on the topic in anthropology, sociology and history (Alanen 2014; Baxter 2005; Gottlieb 2000; Heywood 2017; James and Prout 2015; Lewis 2006, 2017; Lillehammer 2015; Nowell and Kurki 2020). Anthropological and historical approaches have moved from simply seeking to find and include infants and children in interpretations, towards more sophisticated understandings of the multivocality of infancy and childhood, their roles, and their relationships with caregivers, family and society (Baxter 2005; Gowland and Halcrow 2020; Heywood 2017; Kendall and Kendall 2021; Lillehammer 2015). Within these disciplines, there has been an adoption of a sophisticated appreciation of social life course theory, agency and resilience, and the archaeology of care, emotion and grief (Gowland 2015; Inglis and Halcrow 2018; Lewis 2006, 2017). In anthropological science there has been significant development of methodological advances in chemical and molecular analysis of food remains, sampling techniques for infant feeding and weaning, and a development of theoretical sophistication to understand their biological and social fragility from a lifecourse, the maternal–infant nexus and developmental origins of health and disease perspective (Beaumont and Montgomery 2015; Dunne et al. 2019; Gowland 2015; Gowland and Halcrow 2020; Halcrow et al. 2017). The collection of papers in this special issue showcase research on infancy and childhood with sophisticated theoretical and methodological approaches to this topic. These papers are particularly fitting for Childhood in the Past: An International Journal, an interdisciplinary forum for the publication of research on all aspects of childhood in the past, which transcends conventional disciplinary boundaries and time periods. This issue represents a significant contribution to understanding the role of children and childhood during the transition to urbanization in Europe through the lens of multiple approaches, including bioarchaeological, archaeological, cognitive developmental (palaeoanthropological), sociological and historical research on infants and children, using a variety of new analytical techniques. This issue is organized chronologically from the consideration of cognitive development during prehistory to the nineteenth-century urban environment. The first paper by Coward and Howard-Jones explores the possible role of early infant cognitive development in technological innovation during prehistory. They explore why infancy is a special time in terms of the potential for the environment to impact cognitive development and compare the experiences of infants within small-scale foraging and small-scale agrarian societies. Coward and Howard-Jones argue that a small-scale agrarian","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8000,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Childhood in the Past","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1956058","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ANTHROPOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in research on infancy and childhood in the social sciences with significant developments in method and theory on the topic in anthropology, sociology and history (Alanen 2014; Baxter 2005; Gottlieb 2000; Heywood 2017; James and Prout 2015; Lewis 2006, 2017; Lillehammer 2015; Nowell and Kurki 2020). Anthropological and historical approaches have moved from simply seeking to find and include infants and children in interpretations, towards more sophisticated understandings of the multivocality of infancy and childhood, their roles, and their relationships with caregivers, family and society (Baxter 2005; Gowland and Halcrow 2020; Heywood 2017; Kendall and Kendall 2021; Lillehammer 2015). Within these disciplines, there has been an adoption of a sophisticated appreciation of social life course theory, agency and resilience, and the archaeology of care, emotion and grief (Gowland 2015; Inglis and Halcrow 2018; Lewis 2006, 2017). In anthropological science there has been significant development of methodological advances in chemical and molecular analysis of food remains, sampling techniques for infant feeding and weaning, and a development of theoretical sophistication to understand their biological and social fragility from a lifecourse, the maternal–infant nexus and developmental origins of health and disease perspective (Beaumont and Montgomery 2015; Dunne et al. 2019; Gowland 2015; Gowland and Halcrow 2020; Halcrow et al. 2017). The collection of papers in this special issue showcase research on infancy and childhood with sophisticated theoretical and methodological approaches to this topic. These papers are particularly fitting for Childhood in the Past: An International Journal, an interdisciplinary forum for the publication of research on all aspects of childhood in the past, which transcends conventional disciplinary boundaries and time periods. This issue represents a significant contribution to understanding the role of children and childhood during the transition to urbanization in Europe through the lens of multiple approaches, including bioarchaeological, archaeological, cognitive developmental (palaeoanthropological), sociological and historical research on infants and children, using a variety of new analytical techniques. This issue is organized chronologically from the consideration of cognitive development during prehistory to the nineteenth-century urban environment. The first paper by Coward and Howard-Jones explores the possible role of early infant cognitive development in technological innovation during prehistory. They explore why infancy is a special time in terms of the potential for the environment to impact cognitive development and compare the experiences of infants within small-scale foraging and small-scale agrarian societies. Coward and Howard-Jones argue that a small-scale agrarian
在过去的二十年里,社会科学中对婴幼儿的研究有所增加,在人类学、社会学和历史学中对这一主题的方法和理论有了重大发展(Alanen 2014;巴克斯特2005;Gottlieb 2000;海伍德2017;James and Prout 2015;Lewis 2006, 2017;2015利勒哈默尔;Nowell and Kurki 2020)。人类学和历史研究方法已经从简单地寻找婴儿和儿童并将其纳入解释中,转向更复杂地理解婴儿和儿童的多声性,他们的角色,以及他们与照顾者、家庭和社会的关系(Baxter 2005;Gowland and Halcrow 2020;海伍德2017;Kendall and Kendall 2021;2015利勒哈默尔)。在这些学科中,已经采用了对社会生活过程理论,代理和弹性以及关怀,情感和悲伤考古学的复杂欣赏(Gowland 2015;英语和Halcrow 2018;Lewis 2006, 2017)。在人类学领域,食物残留物的化学和分子分析、婴儿喂养和断奶的抽样技术以及从生命历程、母婴关系和健康与疾病的发展起源角度理解其生物和社会脆弱性的理论复杂性取得了重大进展(Beaumont and Montgomery 2015;Dunne et al. 2019;高兰2015;Gowland and Halcrow 2020;Halcrow et al. 2017)。本特刊中的论文集展示了对婴儿期和儿童期的研究,对这一主题采用了复杂的理论和方法方法。这些论文特别适合于《过去的童年:一份国际期刊》,这是一个跨学科的论坛,发表关于过去童年各个方面的研究,超越了传统的学科界限和时期。该期刊通过多种方法,包括生物考古学、考古学、认知发展(古人类学)、婴儿和儿童的社会学和历史研究,使用各种新的分析技术,对理解儿童和童年在欧洲向城市化过渡期间的作用作出了重大贡献。这个问题是按时间顺序组织的,从史前认知发展的考虑到19世纪的城市环境。科沃德和霍华德-琼斯的第一篇论文探讨了史前时期婴儿早期认知发展在技术创新中的可能作用。他们探讨了为什么婴儿期是一个特殊的时期,因为环境有可能影响认知发展,并比较了婴儿在小规模觅食社会和小规模农业社会中的经历。科沃德和霍华德-琼斯认为小规模农业
期刊介绍:
Childhood in the Past provides a peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, international forum for the publication of research into all aspects of children and childhood in the past, which transcends conventional intellectual, disciplinary, geographical and chronological boundaries. The editor welcomes offers of papers from any field of study which can further knowledge and understanding of the nature and experience of childhood in the past.