Journal of Wetland Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"Physical and Chemical Analyses of Sediments from around Star Carr as Indicators of Preservation","authors":"S. Boreham, J. Boreham, C. Rolfe","doi":"10.1179/jwa.2011.11.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jwa.2011.11.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents results of a project focused on investigating the deterioration of organic sediments in the area adjacent to the Mesolithic site of Star Carr. Physical and geochemical analyses of sediment sequences from 15 boreholes have been used to assess preservation status and potential of the deposits. The results indicate that severe acidification as a result of chemical oxidation of sulphide to sulphate has occurred at various locations around the site. This has adversely affected the preservation potential of these sediments. The acidification is strongly associated with a well-developed iron-sulphur (Fe-S) zone within the archaeological sediments, and is closely linked to annually fluctuating water tables. In contrast, some sequences had constantly low water tables and were oxidised throughout, but others with perennially high ground water showed only modest acidification. This offers the possibility of at least some areas of the Mesolithic Star Carr palaeo-lake edge being better preserved, although perhaps vulnerable to changes in the hydrological regime.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"11 1","pages":"20 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/jwa.2011.11.1.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65609388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dead People in the Bogs: Network Report","authors":"C. Fredengren, Sophie Bergerbrant","doi":"10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.152","url":null,"abstract":"resemble us living human beings and they are occasionally linked with violent deaths. Some interpretations suggest they were outcasts or sacrificial victims, others that they were simply victims of drowning. In October 2009 a workshop on the theme ‘Dead People in the Bogs’ was held at Stockholm University. The overall aim was to work out where future research into bog bodies would go, and where the research is for the moment. The format of the workshop was a series of short lectures illustrating different aspects of research, followed by small group discussions around three themes. The first theme, from paper-bodies to the study of complex human remains, dealt with issues of source-criticism and how the material should be approached in order to secure a stable platform for interpretation. Research has through the years focused on the phenomena of bog bodies, however, recent studies have shown that the current record is not at all reliable. Earlier researchers might have been too lax in their source criticism, accepting far more bog bodies than there is evidence for. The material needs to be critically re-examined. The question is what would such a critical survey contain and what would a renewal of the sources involve? The second theme was focussed on how we can form the questions in order to develop new fields of research. This theme was called ‘Turning People into Bodies: Natural Processes, Violence, Forgetting and Remembering’. What is the meaning of the variability in the treatment of the dead? Are all wetlands the same, or do they have different meanings? Who among the dead were forgotten and who remembered? Journal of Wetland Archaeology 10, 2011, 152–153","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"10 1","pages":"152 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65609101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where Wandering Water Gushes – the Depositional Landscape of the Mälaren Valley in the Late Bronze Age and Earliest Iron Age of Scandinavia","authors":"C. Fredengren","doi":"10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper deals with how the deposition of metalwork and animal and human remains into water and wet places may have contributed to the shaping of knowledge and the creation of social entities during the Late Bronze Age and Earliest Iron Age in the Mälaren Valley. This paper constitutes a part of a larger research project – Tidens Vatten – that has a particular focus on investigating the practices around the deposition of human and animal remains in watery places during the Bronze and Iron Ages in Sweden. The initial study lays the ground for a further analysis of how the deposition of metalwork in the Mälaren Valley may be understood in relation to the deposition of human remains and to other water and wetland features in the landscape. In this area the water-landscape and waterscape was considerably different in the Bronze and Earliest Iron Age due to shore displacement and the paper shows the importance of waterways and connections for these depositions, which would be a part of waters' agency.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"10 1","pages":"109 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65609038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bog Bodies from Scotland: Old Finds, New Records","authors":"Trevor Cowie, J. Pickin, C. Wallace","doi":"10.1179/JWA.2011.10.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/JWA.2011.10.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper draws attention to records of a number of historical discoveries of human remains from Scottish bogs that have been omitted from previous published lists of such finds. They mostly comprise a range of 'paper' bog bodies and, like many lost archaeological finds, they can tantalise as much as inform. However, taken together, the 'new' finds account for an additional 27 sites and at least 35 individuals. This represents a significant increment to the Scottish inventory of bog bodies, augmenting the existing record in some regions but also widening the national distribution. In several cases, references to the presence of clothing clearly suggest that the discoveries add to the prevailing inventory of post-medieval finds from Scotland. However, in some instances, the circumstantial evidence points to at least the possibility of burials of much earlier date – for example, where the body appears to have been unclothed or subject to unusual treatment. Consideration is also given to the impact of Scottish bog bodies on popular history and literature.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"10 1","pages":"1 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/JWA.2011.10.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65608994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining Chronological Resolution in Iron Age Scotland: Excavations at Dorman's Island Crannog, Dumfries and Galloway","authors":"G. Cavers, A. Crone, R. Engl, L. Fouracre, F. Hunter, J. Robertson, J. Thoms","doi":"10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.71","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Excavations were carried out at the crannog known as Dorman's Island, Whitefield Loch in Wigtownshire, SW Scotland as part of the Scottish Wetland Archaeology Programme. Although limited in extent, the excavation has uncovered dating evidence for multiple phases of construction and use of the crannog, including secondary activity in the post-medieval period, with finds including a range of coarse stone tools as well as fragments of glass bracelet and shard from a Roman drinking vessel. Perhaps most significantly, in situ oak timbers have yielded the first prehistoric dendrochronological dates in Scotland, indicating a phase of construction in the earlier second century BC. This initial evidence correlates with evidence from the Irish dendrochronological record that suggests construction on lochs may have occurred in irregular 'pulses' of activity – one of which was in the second century BC. The significance and potential of these results in the context of the northern British Iron Age are discussed.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"10 1","pages":"108 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.71","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65609671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Environment and Context of the Glastonbury Lake Village: A Re-assessment","authors":"G. Aalbersberg, T. Brown","doi":"10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.136","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Glastonbury Lake Village is one of very few wetland settlements to be almost entirely excavated in the British Isles and Europe. Its stratigraphic context was originally investigated by Godwin who correlated Glastonbury with a “second flood horizon” dated at c. 2060–1900 cal BP. Henceforth both were directly linked to marine incursions through the Axe valley in the late Iron Age. Godwin's investigations of the site lead him to believe that it bordered on open water to the east. Further stratigraphic work in the 1980s by Housley suggested that the village should be conceived of as a swamp village rather than a true lake village constructed in a very shallow lake or swamp. From both the remaining landscape features, its location and stratigraphy it is clear that it was close to a former course of the River Brue. This paper uses recent stratigraphic, pollen and diatom work in the Panborough Gap area and upstream of Glastonbury to re-assess the environment at the end of the third and beginning of the second millennia BP. A simple conceptual hydrogeological model is used to test hypotheses about the causes of flooding. The environmental data is consistent with the creation of tidal channels during the period of marine incursion in the early-mid Iron Age some of which remained open in the late 3rd millennium BP, and with the presence of marine and brackish water diatoms indicating periodic backing up of brackish water. The environmental evidence of a functioning partially estuarine channel to the north of the village is assessed in the light of the structural, artifactual and palaeoecological evidence from the original excavation. Both the broader environmental evidence and the archaeology suggest that Glastonbury Lake Village was in direct contact with the estuary of a tidal river discharging to the north through the Panborough Gap and Axe Valley and to the upper Brue valley to the south and west. In archaeological terms this may go some way to explaining the size, complexity and semi-specialised nature of the site. The evidence for abandonment due to rising water levels or flooding is also assessed and the case found as yet unproven and attention is drawn to other possible factors.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"10 1","pages":"136 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65609089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Late Prehistoric Timber Alignment in the Waveney Valley, Suffolk: Excavations at Barsham Marshes","authors":"K. Krawiec, B. Gearey, Henry Chapman, E. Hopla, M. Bamforth, C. Griffiths, T. Hill, I. Tyers","doi":"10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.46","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper describes the results of excavations and associated palaeoenvironmental analyses at Barsham Marshes, Suffolk, England. The site is a triple post alignment of oak stakes built at the edge of a palaeochannel of the River Waveney. The alignment has been traced for over 30 m but neither terminus of the site has been excavated. Dendrochronological dating of the timbers has produced a range of felling dates between 8 BC and AD 8 indicating a late Iron Age date for the structure. No other cultural material was recovered. Palaeoenvironmental analyses of the associated deposits indicate that the site was located at the edge of a shallow channel of the River Waveney with local aquatic and alder carr vegetation and evidence for more open scrub and pastoral environments in the wider landscape. This channel appears to have infilled by the 11th century AD and is overlain by a thin layer of humified peat, corresponding to the uppermost level of preservation of the stakes. It is likely that any superstructure originally supported by the stakes had finally decomposed or been dismantled by this time. The site is compared to that of Beccles some 3 km down river where excavations have revealed a triple post alignment also dating to the late Iron Age but with evidence for activity during the Romano-British period. The possible form and function(s) of the sites are discussed.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"10 1","pages":"46 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/jwa.2011.10.1.46","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65609600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2006 and 2007 Field Seasons at Sunken Village","authors":"D. Croes, J. Fagan, Maureen Newman Zehendner","doi":"10.1179/jwa.2009.9.1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jwa.2009.9.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"As mentioned, the 2005 erosion of the dike placed on the natural levee facing the intertidal waterlogged portion of the Sunken Village site had threatened the residents of the island, initiating a proposal by the Sauvie Island Drainage Improvement Company (SIDIC) to place protective rip-rap rock along the face of the bank. Since the site is on navigational waters under the authority of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, field evaluation of this National Historic Landmark archaeological wet site was required to assess the potential effects of placing protective rip rap rock on the channel bank in order to comply with U.S. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (Croes et al. 2006). A call for proposals was initiated by the SIDIC in the late summer of 2006 and a South Puget Sound Community College (SPSCC) proposal in partnership with the Archaeological Investigations Northwest, Inc. (AINW) was awarded (Croes et al. 2006).","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"39 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/jwa.2009.9.1.39","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65608897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Results of the 2006 and 2007 Investigations at Sunken Village Wet Site","authors":"D. Croes, J. Fagan, Maureen Newman Zehendner","doi":"10.1179/jwa.2009.9.1.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jwa.2009.9.1.185","url":null,"abstract":"The Sunken Village site is situated in a major flood plain basin, at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers – a geographical position that made it highly attractive as a cross-roads for ancient and current human occupation – known as a trade center supporting large populations for millennia. Major paleoenvironmental events formed the current Portland Basin, including Holocene floods 13–15,000 year ago, scouring the Columbia River channels from massive releases of glacial ice dams in Missoula, Montana, U.S.A., and more recently, a directly upriver release of the massive Bonneville Landslide floods through the Portland Basin region approximately 700 years ago. This last, and no doubt catastrophic event for the ancient Multnomah Peoples, probably sheared and/or buried earlier sites throughout the Portland Basin, and may account for the earliest dates of approximately 700 years BP for the Sunken Village site. The site is located on the Multnomah Channel/Slough which may have once been a main channel of the Willamette River as it flowed northward into the Columbia River, but currently the main Willamette River discharge moves northeastward into the Columbia River, forming Sauvie Island. The Multnomah Channel/Slough forms the west side of the island (see Figures 2.2 and 3.6). As a slough the channel has limited current flow, explaining the fine silt clay matrix of the Sunken Village beach, and its flow is influenced by the tidal action (though it is fresh water at this location). The site is on the outer convex curved edge of the channel point bar, therefore the depositional side, contributing to a slow build up of the original point bar levee at this location (see Figure 2.2). Therefore the beach deposits were progressively accreting out, with organic debris mats being deposited, along with the discarded cultural debris, in vegetal layers along the lee slope of the ancient bar, as revealed in TU4 excavations and deep-cores 5 and 6 at the site (see Punke, above). Two paleoenvironmental conditions no doubt contributed to the ideal conditions at the Sunken Village location for its primary use as an acorn leaching pit station: (a) the non-aggressive currents of this protected slough, forming dense silt/clay point bar deposits for secure construction of hemlock bough-lined pits for the acorn harvest, and, more importantly, (b) the shallow aquifer flow from the island under the natural levee and surfacing along this section of the point bar, creating the underground water flow needed to affectively leach the potentially millions of acorns processed at this prime location. Journal of Wetland Archaeology 9, 2009, 185–201","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"185 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/jwa.2009.9.1.185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65608771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Physical and Cultural Background","authors":"D. Croes, J. Fagan, Maureen Newman Zehendner","doi":"10.1179/JWA.2009.9.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/JWA.2009.9.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"The Sunken Village wet site (35MU4) is on one of the most important river junctures on the Northwest Coast of North America – where the Columbia River drainage of British Columbia, Canada and Washington State, U.S.A. is joined by the Willamette River flowing through much of western Oregon State, U.S.A. (Figure 2.1). The site is on Sauvie Island, where a major aquifer pumps under the natural levee into Multnomah Channel, providing a unique 125 m wide beach area where acorns placed in shallow hemlock bough-lined pits were leached in huge numbers by ancient Multnomah Peoples (Figure 2.2).","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"15 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/JWA.2009.9.1.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65609190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}