Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe最新文献

Writing for Patronage or Patronage for Writing? Two Case Studies in Seventeenth-Century and Post-Restoration Women’s Poetry in Britain 为赞助而写作还是为写作而赞助?十七世纪及复辟后英国女性诗歌的两个个案研究

Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe Pub Date : 2018-10-08 DOI: 10.1163/9789004383029_006

Carme Font Paz

{"title":"Writing for Patronage or Patronage for Writing? Two Case Studies in Seventeenth-Century and Post-Restoration Women’s Poetry in Britain","authors":"Carme Font Paz","doi":"10.1163/9789004383029_006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004383029_006","url":null,"abstract":"The seventeenth century provided a fertile ground in Britain for anyone who wished to express themselves in writing. London became the locus of an unprecedented printing revolution that carried on until the eighteenth century, when revolutionary writing subsided, but the printing infrastructure in place allowed for greater specialization and diffusion. Separated by almost one hundred years, the two women featured in this chapter seem to have approached patronage as a lastresort solution to attain financial and artistic independence. While Lanyer tried her hand at the court with an air of nostalgia when her businesses failed, Yerbury refused publication since her ‘dayjob’ provided her with an independent source of income that made writing for money and the general public uncalled for. This chapter delves into the rhetorical strategies of both Lanyer’s and Yerbury’s literary output that were either geared to convince patrons through a religious trope of Christ’s love or avoided the spotlight when financial backup was already secured. Both poets separated their means of living from their writing practice, thus revealing that patronage and the market were unstable instruments for the exposure and practice of quality writing.","PeriodicalId":378982,"journal":{"name":"Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124709744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Introduction: Women, Professionalisation, and Patronage 引言:女性、职业化和赞助

Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe Pub Date : 2018-10-08 DOI: 10.1163/9789004383029_002

Carme Font Paz, N. Geerdink

{"title":"Introduction: Women, Professionalisation, and Patronage","authors":"Carme Font Paz, N. Geerdink","doi":"10.1163/9789004383029_002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004383029_002","url":null,"abstract":"The study of women’s writing has become a lively field that has contributed and given rise to many new directions in the broader field of literary studies. Some of these, most importantly the ‘material turn’, have fuelled the theme of this volume: economic imperatives for women’s writing. In the past three decades, with the greater availability of public records and archival materials, literary historians have tended to consider material aspects in their literary analyses and, as such, their collaboration with book historians has increased. Topics such as patronage and professionalism have burgeoned and moneymaking has been put on the agenda as an important factor within the literary field. Material culture has contributed an invaluable framework for analysing a wealth of data regarding women’s lives and works. The material turn was conceived in part as a scholarly interest in any aspect related to the business of writing that affected women’s authorship and, thereby, scholars of women’s literature have invoked it in many ways to enrich the scope of their inquiries. Nevertheless, the theme of moneymaking did not especially fit within this material subdomain.1 The socially inferior position of women and the rhetoric of modesty in their writing led to a predominant focus on social rather than economic imperatives for women’s writing. This blind spot affects scholarship about women’s writing across the European continent, although the focus on the production and consumption of women’s literature in material terms has led to the identification and study of many English professional women writers from the eighteenth century. With regard to economic imperatives for women’s writing, two important facts have often been disregarded or overlooked. These animate the purpose of this work: that women’s socially inferior position was not a decisive limiting factor in their creative and professional","PeriodicalId":378982,"journal":{"name":"Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130224490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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“[S]ome employment in the translating Way”: Economic Imperatives in Charlotte Lennox’s Career as a Translator “翻译方式中的一些就业”:夏洛特·伦诺克斯翻译生涯中的经济需求

Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe Pub Date : 2018-10-08 DOI: 10.1163/9789004383029_010

Marianna D'ezio

{"title":"“[S]ome employment in the translating Way”: Economic Imperatives in Charlotte Lennox’s Career as a Translator","authors":"Marianna D'ezio","doi":"10.1163/9789004383029_010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004383029_010","url":null,"abstract":"Although motivated by a genuine passion for writing, money was a constant and pressing issue in Charlotte Lennox’s (1730?1804) career as a writer, as well as in her personal life. In 1747 she married Alexander Lennox, an employee of the printer William Strahan, but their union was unfortunate, especially with regards to financial matters. Lennox eventually achieved muchcoveted recognition with the success of her novel The Female Quixote, published anonymously in 1752. However, her work as a translator is an aspect of her literary career that has not been adequately researched, and indeed began as merely a way to overcome the distressing financial situation of her family. This essay examines Lennox’s activity as a translator as impelled by her perpetual need for money, within a cultural milieu that allowed her to be in contact with the most influential intellectuals of her time, including Samuel Richardson, Samuel Johnson, Giuseppe Baretti (who likely taught her Italian), and David Garrick, who produced her comedy Old City Manners at Drury Lane (1775) and assisted her in the publication of The Female Quixote. Diamonds may do for a girl, but an agent is a woman writer’s best friend Sandra Cisneros, The House on Mango Street (1984)","PeriodicalId":378982,"journal":{"name":"Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127087240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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From Queen’s Librarian to Voice of the Neapolitan Republic: Eleonora de Fonseca Pimentel 从女王图书馆馆长到那不勒斯共和国之声:埃莉奥诺拉·德·丰塞卡·皮门特尔

Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe Pub Date : 2018-10-08 DOI: 10.1163/9789004383029_009

Irene Zanini-Cordi

{"title":"From Queen’s Librarian to Voice of the Neapolitan Republic: Eleonora de Fonseca Pimentel","authors":"Irene Zanini-Cordi","doi":"10.1163/9789004383029_009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004383029_009","url":null,"abstract":"A poetess, translator and journalist, Eleonora de Fonseca Pimentel was born in 1752 in Rome into a liberal family.1 When her family moved to Naples, she thrived in the Arcadic circles of a city favourable to learned women. Pimentel started her career as a court poet, and then became the Queen’s librarian. Following a tragic marriage and separation from her husband, she requested a state pension and translated from the Portuguese two books on economy and law, which supported specific political stances of the King. In 1798, she was accused of Jacobinism, imprisoned and deprived of her librarian post and pension. Her journalistic activity culminated in her becoming director and editor of the Monitore Napoletano (1799), the paper of the shortlived Republic, before being publicly hanged in August 1799. This chapter addresses the course of Pimentel’s writings in relation to her economic situation. It shows that her literary production evolved according to the development of her political thought, which, in turn, mirrored her economic status. Forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit Perhaps, one day, even this will be good to remember Virgil, Aeneid, I, 203","PeriodicalId":378982,"journal":{"name":"Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115214788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Women Authors’ Reputation and Its Relationship to Money Earned: Some Early French Writers as Examples 女性作家的声誉及其与收入的关系——以早期法国作家为例

Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe Pub Date : 2018-10-08 DOI: 10.1163/9789004383029_003

S. V. Dijk, Belle van Zuylen, I. Charrière

{"title":"Women Authors’ Reputation and Its Relationship to Money Earned: Some Early French Writers as Examples","authors":"S. V. Dijk, Belle van Zuylen, I. Charrière","doi":"10.1163/9789004383029_003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004383029_003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses in the first place on the reception of a number of French female authors, more particularly on the ways in which they were presented in biobibliographical compilations which were quite numerous in France in the late eighteenth and in the nineteenth century. While presenting some of their authors, compilers like Joseph de La Porte (Histoire Littéraire des Femmes Françaises, 1769), Boudier de Villemert (Notice Alphabétique des Femmes Célèbres en France, 1779) and Henri Carton (Histoire des Femmes Écrivains de la France, 1886) did consider the financial aspects of the writers’ careers. Their remarks are not to be considered as simple information: they are full of suggestions which, for a selection of these women (eighteenth century), are looked at more closely here and compared – as far as possible – to information available in other documents (private correspondence of the authors, paratexts). This chapter also compares what is being said about the money earned, invested or lost, to other elements in the presentation of the author’s work and personality: what kind of role this particular aspect played in the process of (de)canonization of the authors concerned?","PeriodicalId":378982,"journal":{"name":"Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe","volume":"8 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132755148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Beating the Odds: Sophie Albrecht (1756–1840), a Successful Woman Writer and Publisher in Eighteenth-Century Germany 《战胜困难:苏菲·阿尔布雷希特(1756-1840)，18世纪德国一位成功的女作家和出版人

Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe Pub Date : 2018-10-08 DOI: 10.1163/9789004383029_011

Berit C.R. Royer

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Between Patronage and Professional Writing. The Situation of Eighteenth Century Women of Letters in Venice: The Example of Luisa Bergalli Gozzi 在赞助与专业写作之间。18世纪威尼斯文坛女性的处境:以路易莎·贝加利·戈齐为例

Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe Pub Date : 2018-10-08 DOI: 10.1163/9789004383029_008

R. Kulessa

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Words for Sale: Early Modern Spanish Women’s Literary Economy 出售文字:早期现代西班牙女性文学经济

Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe Pub Date : 2018-10-08 DOI: 10.1163/9789004383029_004

Nieves Baranda

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Fighting for Her Profession: Dorothe Engelbretsdatter’s Discourse of Self-Defence 为职业而战:多萝西·恩格尔布雷茨达特的自卫话语

Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe Pub Date : 2018-10-08 DOI: 10.1163/9789004383029_005

M. Sørbø

{"title":"Fighting for Her Profession: Dorothe Engelbretsdatter’s Discourse of Self-Defence","authors":"M. Sørbø","doi":"10.1163/9789004383029_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004383029_005","url":null,"abstract":"As Aphra Behn argued for her vocation as the first professional woman writer in England, a sixyear older Norwegian colleague did the same from her corner of Europe. Dorothe Engelbretsdatter (1634– 1716) is considered the first professional poet in DenmarkNorway. Her fight for her art and her livelihood was sometimes fierce. The need to earn money from her writing made her try to defend her copyrights. There were pirate editions attempting to cash in on her success, and she turned on the publishers with entertaining if harsh polemics. Others accused her of plagiarising male predecessors, and she responded in counterattacks in the form of occasional verse. Her fights paid off, and she was awarded royal support in the form of tax release for life. Her publication history and struggles throw light on the possibilities and limitations of women’s entrance into the market of commercial publication around 1700. Her explicit polemics as well as the argument implied in much of her poetry, that women could and should write, reminds us of similar features in the texts of Behn or Anne Bradstreet. Her seemingly humble submission to male superiority while aiming kicks at the trouser folk, demonstrates the urgently felt need to be admitted to the book market.","PeriodicalId":378982,"journal":{"name":"Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128169410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Possibilities of Patronage: The Dutch Poet Elisabeth Hoofman and Her German Patrons 赞助的可能性:荷兰诗人伊丽莎白·霍夫曼和她的德国赞助人

Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe Pub Date : 2018-10-08 DOI: 10.1163/9789004383029_007

N. Geerdink

{"title":"Possibilities of Patronage: The Dutch Poet Elisabeth Hoofman and Her German Patrons","authors":"N. Geerdink","doi":"10.1163/9789004383029_007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004383029_007","url":null,"abstract":"Patronage was a common practice for many early modern authors, but it was a public activity involving engagement with politics, politicians and the rich and famous, and we know of relatively few women writers who profited from the benefits of patronage. The system of patronage altered, however, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and one particular case study brings to light some of the possibilities and difficulties of this system for women writers. Elisabeth Hoofman (1664–1736) was a Dutch poet whose authorship was representative of that of many writing women around 1700: born in a rich family, she wrote poetry in order to establish and consolidate contacts in a wealthy circle of friends and family, refusing to publish any of her poems. Her authorship status seems to have changed, though, after she and her husband lost their fortune and turned to rich patrons to secure their living. The circle of people addressed in her poetry broadened to powerful men from outside of her intimate network and she started to print-publish. In this chapter, Hoofman’s opportunities to contribute to the family income as a woman writer along with her ability and necessity to manage her reputation are analysed with and through her poetry.","PeriodicalId":378982,"journal":{"name":"Economic Imperatives for Women's Writing in Early Modern Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132057285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0