Journal of the Middle East and Africa最新文献_第6页

The Star and the Scepter: A Diplomatic History of Israel 《星与权杖:以色列外交史》

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2022.2044677

G. Steinberg

引用次数: 0

To Whom Are Traditional Leaders Accountable after the Rise of Competitive Challenges? Evidence from Central Malawi 竞争挑战兴起后，传统领导者对谁负责?来自马拉维中部的证据

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2021.2003675

SangEun Kim

{"title":"To Whom Are Traditional Leaders Accountable after the Rise of Competitive Challenges? Evidence from Central Malawi","authors":"SangEun Kim","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2021.2003675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2021.2003675","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite a burgeoning interest in studying the effects that traditional leaders have on service delivery and political accountability, scholars have paid little attention to political competition and its role in accountability for the unelected leaders. This article investigates these questions leveraging original surveys collected from 684 village-level traditional leaders (658 for the second round), 680 members of their ruling family, and 669 secretaries of the leaders in Central Malawi. This study first establishes that leadership contestation appeared in 14 percent of the leadership positions, which challenges the conventional belief that such disputes occur who exceptionally rarely for such hereditary positions. The in-depth analyses in this article demonstrate that traditional leaders’ legitimacy stems from the support from their ruling family, and that the family wields significant power in the installation and removal of the leader as selectors. This work further finds that traditional leaders who experienced competitive challenges exhibit a higher propensity to share the resources at their disposal with their ruling family than other leaders who did not encounter the challenges. The findings align with the theoretical expectation that leaders who undergo competitive challenges adopt a heightened sense of the importance of the ruling family and are incentivized to buy their loyalty because securing this support or the lack thereof significantly affects the leaders’ fate and authority. Finally, this article expands on the recent studies concerning competition in traditional leadership by shifting the focus to the ruling family – the kingmakers behind the scenes – and discusses the ramifications of this phenomenon on political accountability.","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"13 1","pages":"241 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42615475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Militarized Policing in the Middle East and North Africa 中东和北非的军事化警务

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2021.1996816

Erica De Bruin, Zachary Karabatak

引用次数: 3

Bureaucrat-Local Politician Relations and Hierarchical Local Governance in Emerging Democracies: A Case Study of Tunisia 新兴民主国家的官僚-地方政治家关系和等级式地方治理:以突尼斯为例

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2021.1993682

Salih Yasun

引用次数: 1

The Civilians’ Dilemma: How Religious and Ethnic Minorities Survived the Islamic State Occupation of Northern Iraq 平民的困境：宗教和少数民族如何在伊斯兰国对伊拉克北部的占领中幸存

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2021-12-04 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2022.2128001

A. Knuppe

{"title":"The Civilians’ Dilemma: How Religious and Ethnic Minorities Survived the Islamic State Occupation of Northern Iraq","authors":"A. Knuppe","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2022.2128001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2022.2128001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT How did Iraq’s ethnic and religious minorities survive the Islamic State (ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah, IS) occupation of Ninewa Governorate? Existing accounts of wartime survival either essentialize social identity or ignore it altogether by reducing survival to cost-benefit calculations or political opportunism. Against the conventional wisdom, this article argues that individuals survive conflict by drawing on repertoires – consisting of practices, tools, organized routines, symbols, and rhetorical strategies – to navigate violent situations. Distinct from deliberate calculations or rational strategies, repertoires are creative, flexible, and often contradictory. The author examines Iraqis’ reliance on survival repertoires through a mixed-methods research design of observational data and fieldwork. This study begins by analyzing migration patterns recorded in the United Nation’s Displacement Tracking Matrix. To understand how Iraqis who remained survived the conflict, this work draws on original interviews with Iraqi peacebuilders from minority communities. While most minorities fled during the IS offensive of June 2014, those who remained pursued various forms of cooperation, contention, and neutrality. This research finds that those who remained survived the conflict by mobilizing self-defense groups and by their coordination with members of the anti-IS coalition. Opportunistic collaboration with IS insurgents during the initial stages of the occupation was less common. In areas where the Iraqi Security Forces (al-Quwāt al-Maslahah al-ʿIrāqiyya, ISF) or Peshmerga were absent, residents mobilized community militias unaligned from Baghdād or Arbīl. The findings of this research provide insights for scholars and practitioners interested in peacebuilding, transitional justice, and post-conflict reconstruction in fragile states.","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"14 1","pages":"37 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42604794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Brave New World Order: The Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq and the Rise of Iraqi Shī‘ī Identity Politics 《美丽的新世界秩序:伊拉克伊斯兰革命最高委员会与伊拉克身份政治的兴起》

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2021.1988314

Joseph E. Kotinsly

{"title":"Brave New World Order: The Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq and the Rise of Iraqi Shī‘ī Identity Politics","authors":"Joseph E. Kotinsly","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2021.1988314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2021.1988314","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article uses the history of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq, the largest Shī‘ī Islamist organization within the exiled Iraqi opposition movement, as a case study to delineate how the meaning, function, and salience of sectarian identities are affected by political and social changes at the local, regional, and international level. To this end, this work identifies and explains a discursive shift observed in SCIRI’s publications produced during its tenure as an Iraqi opposition group. Whereas SCIRI’s publications during the Iran-Iraq War emphasized that its brand of Islamic government would represent all Iraqis regardless of their religious or ethnic affiliation, following the war’s conclusion the Council strove to portray its leaders as the primary defenders of Shī‘ī interests in Iraq and focused near exclusively on the need to protect the rights of Iraq Shī‘ī. It argues that several key developments account for the Supreme Council’s adoption of a Shī‘ī-centric political stance during the 1990s, namely: the internationalization and unification of the Iraqi opposition movement in the aftermath of the 1991 March Uprisings and the post-Cold War environment within which the exiled Iraqi opposition was operating. When considered collectively, beyond demonstrating the contingency and complexity of the advent of Shī‘ī identity politics within Iraqi opposition circles throughout the 1990s, these findings suggest the importance of taking into consideration larger, global trends as contributing factors when conceptualizing how subnational forms of identification acquire heighted social and political salience.","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"13 1","pages":"49 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44136284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Change within Continuity”: Sacred and Holy Spaces and Socialization in Bocha, Zimbabwe, ca. 1910–1960s “连续性中的变化”：神圣和神圣空间与津巴布韦博查的社会化，约1910–1960年代

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2021.1984175

A. Magaya

引用次数: 0

“Don’t Call Us Kushim”: Racialized Experiences and Political Activism Among African Students in Israel in the 1960s “不要叫我们库什姆”:20世纪60年代以色列非洲学生的种族化经历和政治激进主义

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2021.1970419

Asher Lubotzky

{"title":"“Don’t Call Us Kushim”: Racialized Experiences and Political Activism Among African Students in Israel in the 1960s","authors":"Asher Lubotzky","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2021.1970419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2021.1970419","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the 1960s, several hundreds of African students attended long-term academic or vocational programs in Israel. For Israel, offering higher education to Africans was considered a way to strengthen its influence in decolonizing Africa, while for African states, it was a means to gain vital technical expertise and reduce reliance on ex-colonial powers or the Cold War superpowers. African international students, however, were not merely pawns in this larger international political game. Responding to everyday racism and influenced by radical and Pan-Africanist ideas of the turbulent sixties, these students became active participants and commentators within Israeli society. They employed diverse strategies to promote anti-racist and anti-colonial causes, engaging in political activism at levels that were uncommon in the Israeli student social scene. By doing so, African students in Israel contested local prejudices about Africa and Africans and taught the hosting society important lessons on political awareness, broad-mindedness, acceptance, and racial tolerance. This history tells of understudied aspects of the global Black-Jewish relations in the 1960s. It also provides a novel perspective on Israeli society – one that surpasses the well-discussed Jewish-Arab or Ashkenazi-Mizrahi divisions – and contributes to the scholarly understanding of the meanings and manifestations of Blackness in Israel.","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44707430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

One Size Fits All: The Origins of Mixed Governance in Namibia 一刀切:纳米比亚混合治理的起源

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2021.1964322

V. Chlouba

引用次数: 0

Not in Kansas Anymore: Academic Freedom in Palestinian Universities 不再在堪萨斯州：巴勒斯坦大学的学术自由

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2021.1988838

D. Divine

引用次数: 0