Journal of the Middle East and Africa最新文献

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Traditional Authority and State Legitimacy: Evidence From Namibia 传统权威与国家合法性:来自纳米比亚的证据
Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1791558
V. Chlouba
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引用次数: 7
“A Force for Good”: Army-Building After War in Liberia “行善的力量”:利比里亚战后的军队建设
Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1798672
R. Joyce
{"title":"“A Force for Good”: Army-Building After War in Liberia","authors":"R. Joyce","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2020.1798672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2020.1798672","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT International efforts to reconstruct weak states after war have increased in recent years. These endeavors often focus on rebuilding militaries given the importance of strong and professional militaries in preventing conflict relapse. What explains variation in military-building outcomes in post-conflict states? The literature on statebuilding and security sector reform suggests a number of factors that are thought to ameliorate statebuilding dilemmas. This article identifies three central mechanisms from the literature and evaluates them using evidence from a case study of post-conflict army-building in Liberia. The findings show that the voluntary nature of cooperation matters strongly for the successful outcome in Liberia, as does donor identity, albeit differently than as predicted by theory. The role of local ownership receives somewhat weak support, however, which is surprising in light of its importance in the literature. These results have significant implications for theories of statebuilding and security assistance policies.","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"11 1","pages":"273 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21520844.2020.1798672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43521830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Religion and Health Care in East Africa: Lessons from Uganda, Mozambique and Ethiopia 东非的宗教与卫生保健:乌干达、莫桑比克和埃塞俄比亚的经验教训
Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1811582
John A. Zahorik
{"title":"Religion and Health Care in East Africa: Lessons from Uganda, Mozambique and Ethiopia","authors":"John A. Zahorik","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2020.1811582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2020.1811582","url":null,"abstract":"While the dearth of deep studies or complex monographs dealing with health care in Africa is surprising, it is a subject that certainly requires the attention of scholars. There are only a few such...","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"11 1","pages":"315 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21520844.2020.1811582","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43404624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Humanitarian Aid and Counterinsurgency: The Case of the Simba Revolts in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 1964–1967 人道主义援助与平叛:1964-1967年刚果民主共和国辛巴起义的案例
Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1776527
J. Rich
{"title":"Humanitarian Aid and Counterinsurgency: The Case of the Simba Revolts in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 1964–1967","authors":"J. Rich","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2020.1776527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2020.1776527","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article demonstrates how the U.S. and Congolese governments successfully used humanitarian aid in their counterinsurgency campaign against the rebel Conseil National de la Libération (CNL) in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 1964 to 1967. Washington orchestrated an effective military counteroffensive through the use of mercenaries and extensive logistical support. Though relief organizations claimed to be apolitical, they allowed Congolese and mercenary forces to use access to food and medical aid to entice rebels to surrender and to turn popular support away from the insurgents. The fighting created a major crisis, as famine took hold in rebel-held areas cut off from supplies. Although government abuses of civilians appalled Red Cross and Protestant aid personnel, they kept quiet about the army’s indiscriminate use of violence. One major reason for this willingness to partner with the Kinshasa government was the CNL, which treated humanitarian organizations as if they were mere tools of U.S. imperialism. Ultimately, the rebels bungled negotiations with the Red Cross over the fate of foreigners they held hostage in Stanleyville in 1964. These errors pushed humanitarian organizations further toward siding with the Congolese military. Moreover, Congolese military officers allowed humanitarian organizations to operate in only government-controlled territory.","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"11 1","pages":"229 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21520844.2020.1776527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43154425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Lebanese Forces: Emergence and Transformation of the Christian Resistance 黎巴嫩力量:基督教抵抗运动的兴起与变革
Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1803586
M. Nisan
{"title":"The Lebanese Forces: Emergence and Transformation of the Christian Resistance","authors":"M. Nisan","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2020.1803586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2020.1803586","url":null,"abstract":"Acclaimed as a “delicious country” by the Comte de Volney in 1784 and “majestic” by Alphonse de Lamartine in 1835, Lebanon collapsed into disgrace and destruction in the last quarter of the twentie...","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"11 1","pages":"311 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21520844.2020.1803586","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48353187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Truth and Reconciliation Committees Improve Human Rights? Evidence From Africa 真相与和解委员会改善人权吗?来自非洲的证据
Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1808401
Paul Kubicek, Christina P. Walker
{"title":"Do Truth and Reconciliation Committees Improve Human Rights? Evidence From Africa","authors":"Paul Kubicek, Christina P. Walker","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2020.1808401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2020.1808401","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the impact of truth and reconciliation committees (TRCs) on human rights in Africa. It examines the effects of fifteen different TRCs from 1984–2014, and fills a gap in the existent literature by developing measures to assess the strength of each TRC. Many African TRCs are quite weak. Nevertheless, the study does not find that stronger TRCs are more successful in terms of human rights outcomes. While not dismissing the value of TRCs, this work discusses limitations of quantitative studies on their impact.","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"11 1","pages":"295 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21520844.2020.1808401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49293825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Aim of Warfare in al-Wāqidī’s Kitāb al-Maghāzī 瓦奇迪《马加齐的风筝》中的战争目的
Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-06-19 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1764790
Joseph S. Spoerl
{"title":"The Aim of Warfare in al-Wāqidī’s Kitāb al-Maghāzī","authors":"Joseph S. Spoerl","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2020.1764790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2020.1764790","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Kitāb al-Maghāzī or “Book of the Raids” by the early Islamic historian Muḥammad b. ‘Umar al-Wāqidī (ca. 747–823) appeared for the first time in English translation in 2011. The editor and lead translator, Rizwi Faizer, asserts in her introduction (coauthored with Andrew Rippin) that “ … the primary theme that runs through al-Wāqidī’s Maghāzī is that Muḥammad’s battles were always defensive.” The present article shows that this is a misinterpretation of the text. According to the evidence supplied by al-Wāqidī, it is clear that Muḥammad’s military efforts were motivated by far more than mere self-defense. Warfare as Muḥammad practiced and preached it was missionary warfare. Its purpose was to stamp out polytheism, and, more broadly, to destroy a non-Islamic social and political order and to replace it with an Islamic one. The goal of this new order was, in turn, to induce conversion to Islam.","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"11 1","pages":"213 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21520844.2020.1764790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48071399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Beginnings of Political Islam in Switzerland: Said Ramadan’s Muslim Brotherhood Mosque in Geneva and the Swiss Authorities 政治伊斯兰教在瑞士的起源:斋月在日内瓦的穆斯林兄弟会清真寺和瑞士当局说
Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1762152
Daniel Rickenbacher
{"title":"The Beginnings of Political Islam in Switzerland: Said Ramadan’s Muslim Brotherhood Mosque in Geneva and the Swiss Authorities","authors":"Daniel Rickenbacher","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2020.1762152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2020.1762152","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) was banned in Egypt in 1954, many of its followers and leaders found refuge and support in conservative Islamic countries, most notably in Saudi Arabia and Jordan. In the late 1950s, a Saudi diplomat approached the Swiss authorities with plans to open an Islamic Center in Geneva. From the beginning, the Swiss authorities welcomed the project, because it was supported by several pro-Western Arab countries, which opposed Egypt under Nasser. Swiss-Egyptian relations had been strained for some years because of Nasser’s socialist policies and Egypt’s espionage and propaganda operations in Switzerland. The Islamic Center eventually opened in 1960, and was headed by Said Ramadan, an exiled leader of the Muslim Brotherhood. Egyptian officials tried to thwart the Center’s activity and competed with it over influence on the small Arab student body then residing in Switzerland. As a politically active foreigner, the Swiss looked with suspicion on Ramadan. Still, they felt sympathy for his anti-Nasserist and anti-Communist stance, ignoring internal reports revealing the anti-Western and anti-Semitic nature upon his ideology. After 1966, the Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs believed Nasser’s Arab nationalism to be in terminal decline, expecting that Islamists might soon come to power in the Middle East. As a result, they decided to allow Ramadan and his family to remain in Switzerland despite overstaying their residence permits. This article sheds light on the founding years of the MB in Europe, a development still largely unchartered by historians, and the reaction of the Swiss to the appearance of a new phenomenon in Europe: political Islam. It argues that the context of Swiss-Egyptian relations is essential for understanding Swiss actions toward the Muslim Brotherhood.","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"11 1","pages":"179 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21520844.2020.1762152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48315407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Menachem Begin and the Israel-Egypt Peace Process: Between Ideology and Political Realism, by Gerald M. Steinberg and Ziv Rubinovitz 梅纳赫姆·贝京与以色列-埃及和平进程:意识形态与政治现实主义之间
Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1761218
Louis Gordon
{"title":"Menachem Begin and the Israel-Egypt Peace Process: Between Ideology and Political Realism, by Gerald M. Steinberg and Ziv Rubinovitz","authors":"Louis Gordon","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2020.1761218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2020.1761218","url":null,"abstract":"In his 1985 memoir, The Making of a Public Man, Ambassador Sol Linowitz recalled an early encounter he had with Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin while serving as a negotiator for President Jim...","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"11 1","pages":"203 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21520844.2020.1761218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45925356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“The Cat’s Paw of Dictatorship”: Police Intelligence and Self-Rule in the Gold Coast, 1948–1952 “独裁的猫爪”:1948-1952年黄金海岸的警察情报和自治
Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1756604
Chase Arnold
{"title":"“The Cat’s Paw of Dictatorship”: Police Intelligence and Self-Rule in the Gold Coast, 1948–1952","authors":"Chase Arnold","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2020.1756604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2020.1756604","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1948, British authorities in the Gold Coast implemented a series of security reforms aimed at resisting future disruptions resulting from growing discontent with colonial rule. These reforms included the formation of a police intelligence organization, developed in collaboration with the British Security Service. This expansion of the colonial state into intelligence work preceded its first steps toward self-rule, inadvertently making this intelligence program an unintended participant in the process of decolonization. This article examines the foundations of that intelligence network and how it resisted the political exigencies required by the Gold Coast’s entry into diarchy. It explains how British officials arrived at the conclusion that a West African colony required a modern, intelligence-gathering apparatus under the oversight of the British Security Service and how that security system was used to challenge the realization of an independent Ghanaian state under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah.","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"11 1","pages":"161 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21520844.2020.1756604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46110792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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