Journal of the Middle East and Africa最新文献_第10页

Traditional Authority and State Legitimacy: Evidence From Namibia 传统权威与国家合法性:来自纳米比亚的证据

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1791558

V. Chlouba

{"title":"Traditional Authority and State Legitimacy: Evidence From Namibia","authors":"V. Chlouba","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2020.1791558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2020.1791558","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Do African traditional leaders weaken state legitimacy at the local level? Past scholarship raises the possibility that unelected chiefs might undermine trust in national-level institutions. Relying on an original map of areas governed by chiefs and survey data from Namibia, this study examines whether respondents governed by traditional leaders are less likely to trust state institutions. The main finding is that compared to individuals not living under traditional authority, chiefdom residents are more likely to trust government institutions. Partially to alleviate the concern that chiefdom residence is endogenous to trust in national-level institutions, this article uses a genetic matching strategy to compare relatively similar individuals. A further finding is that the association between chiefdom residence and trust in state institutions is considerably weaker and less statistically significant for individuals who do not share ethnicity with their chief. This evidence suggests that traditional leaders’ ability to complement state institutions at the local level is compromised by ethnic diversity.","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"11 1","pages":"251 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21520844.2020.1791558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47515725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

“A Force for Good”: Army-Building After War in Liberia “行善的力量”:利比里亚战后的军队建设

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1798672

R. Joyce

引用次数: 1

Religion and Health Care in East Africa: Lessons from Uganda, Mozambique and Ethiopia 东非的宗教与卫生保健:乌干达、莫桑比克和埃塞俄比亚的经验教训

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1811582

John A. Zahorik

引用次数: 3

Humanitarian Aid and Counterinsurgency: The Case of the Simba Revolts in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 1964–1967 人道主义援助与平叛:1964-1967年刚果民主共和国辛巴起义的案例

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1776527

J. Rich

{"title":"Humanitarian Aid and Counterinsurgency: The Case of the Simba Revolts in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 1964–1967","authors":"J. Rich","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2020.1776527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2020.1776527","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article demonstrates how the U.S. and Congolese governments successfully used humanitarian aid in their counterinsurgency campaign against the rebel Conseil National de la Libération (CNL) in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 1964 to 1967. Washington orchestrated an effective military counteroffensive through the use of mercenaries and extensive logistical support. Though relief organizations claimed to be apolitical, they allowed Congolese and mercenary forces to use access to food and medical aid to entice rebels to surrender and to turn popular support away from the insurgents. The fighting created a major crisis, as famine took hold in rebel-held areas cut off from supplies. Although government abuses of civilians appalled Red Cross and Protestant aid personnel, they kept quiet about the army’s indiscriminate use of violence. One major reason for this willingness to partner with the Kinshasa government was the CNL, which treated humanitarian organizations as if they were mere tools of U.S. imperialism. Ultimately, the rebels bungled negotiations with the Red Cross over the fate of foreigners they held hostage in Stanleyville in 1964. These errors pushed humanitarian organizations further toward siding with the Congolese military. Moreover, Congolese military officers allowed humanitarian organizations to operate in only government-controlled territory.","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"11 1","pages":"229 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21520844.2020.1776527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43154425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Lebanese Forces: Emergence and Transformation of the Christian Resistance 黎巴嫩力量：基督教抵抗运动的兴起与变革

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1803586

M. Nisan

引用次数: 0

Do Truth and Reconciliation Committees Improve Human Rights? Evidence From Africa 真相与和解委员会改善人权吗？来自非洲的证据

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1808401

Paul Kubicek, Christina P. Walker

引用次数: 1

The Aim of Warfare in al-Wāqidī’s Kitāb al-Maghāzī 瓦奇迪《马加齐的风筝》中的战争目的

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-06-19 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1764790

Joseph S. Spoerl

引用次数: 0

The Beginnings of Political Islam in Switzerland: Said Ramadan’s Muslim Brotherhood Mosque in Geneva and the Swiss Authorities 政治伊斯兰教在瑞士的起源:斋月在日内瓦的穆斯林兄弟会清真寺和瑞士当局说

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1762152

Daniel Rickenbacher

{"title":"The Beginnings of Political Islam in Switzerland: Said Ramadan’s Muslim Brotherhood Mosque in Geneva and the Swiss Authorities","authors":"Daniel Rickenbacher","doi":"10.1080/21520844.2020.1762152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2020.1762152","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) was banned in Egypt in 1954, many of its followers and leaders found refuge and support in conservative Islamic countries, most notably in Saudi Arabia and Jordan. In the late 1950s, a Saudi diplomat approached the Swiss authorities with plans to open an Islamic Center in Geneva. From the beginning, the Swiss authorities welcomed the project, because it was supported by several pro-Western Arab countries, which opposed Egypt under Nasser. Swiss-Egyptian relations had been strained for some years because of Nasser’s socialist policies and Egypt’s espionage and propaganda operations in Switzerland. The Islamic Center eventually opened in 1960, and was headed by Said Ramadan, an exiled leader of the Muslim Brotherhood. Egyptian officials tried to thwart the Center’s activity and competed with it over influence on the small Arab student body then residing in Switzerland. As a politically active foreigner, the Swiss looked with suspicion on Ramadan. Still, they felt sympathy for his anti-Nasserist and anti-Communist stance, ignoring internal reports revealing the anti-Western and anti-Semitic nature upon his ideology. After 1966, the Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs believed Nasser’s Arab nationalism to be in terminal decline, expecting that Islamists might soon come to power in the Middle East. As a result, they decided to allow Ramadan and his family to remain in Switzerland despite overstaying their residence permits. This article sheds light on the founding years of the MB in Europe, a development still largely unchartered by historians, and the reaction of the Swiss to the appearance of a new phenomenon in Europe: political Islam. It argues that the context of Swiss-Egyptian relations is essential for understanding Swiss actions toward the Muslim Brotherhood.","PeriodicalId":37893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Middle East and Africa","volume":"11 1","pages":"179 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21520844.2020.1762152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48315407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Menachem Begin and the Israel-Egypt Peace Process: Between Ideology and Political Realism, by Gerald M. Steinberg and Ziv Rubinovitz 梅纳赫姆·贝京与以色列-埃及和平进程：意识形态与政治现实主义之间

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1761218

Louis Gordon

引用次数: 0

“The Cat’s Paw of Dictatorship”: Police Intelligence and Self-Rule in the Gold Coast, 1948–1952 “独裁的猫爪”:1948-1952年黄金海岸的警察情报和自治

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/21520844.2020.1756604

Chase Arnold

引用次数: 1