Life Sciences, Society and Policy最新文献_第5页

Synthetic biology in the German press: how implications of metaphors shape representations of morality and responsibility. 德国报刊上的合成生物学：隐喻的含义如何塑造道德和责任的表征。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2018-06-24 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-018-0079-9

Martin Döring

{"title":"Synthetic biology in the German press: how implications of metaphors shape representations of morality and responsibility.","authors":"Martin Döring","doi":"10.1186/s40504-018-0079-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40504-018-0079-9","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic biology (SynBio) represents a relatively young field of research which has developed into an important scientific endeavour. Characterised by a high degree of interdisciplinary work crossing disciplinary boundaries, such as biology, mathematics and engineering, SynBio has been, since its beginning, devoted to creating new biological functions, metabolic pathways or even minimal organisms. Although its often-articulated aim of developing new forms of life has so far not been archived, SynBio nowadays represents a well-established biotechnological approach and it has also attracted public concern, especially since Craig Venter's work on Mycoplasma Mycoides JCVI-syn1.0. Taking these developments as a starting point, the paper empirically investigates the metaphorical representations of SynBio in two leading German media publications, the daily newspaper Die Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and the weekly magazine Der Spiegel between 2000 and 2010. Using a novel combination of metaphor and co-occurrence analysis, the paper engages in a systematic examination of implicit moral implications inherent in linguistic images permeating this news coverage. It demonstrates a method of how media-metaphorical representations and their moral implications of SynBio could analytically be revealed and analysed. In doing so, it aims at contributing to empirical ethical analyses of the news coverage on SynBio in particular and offers an approach that methodologically adds to literature on responsible language use, which is emerging in science and technology studies and ethical analyses of new technologies.","PeriodicalId":37861,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Society and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6015587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36251636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individuals on alert: digital epidemiology and the individualization of surveillance. 警惕的个人:数字流行病学和监测的个体化。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2018-06-14 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-018-0076-z

Silja Samerski

{"title":"Individuals on alert: digital epidemiology and the individualization of surveillance.","authors":"Silja Samerski","doi":"10.1186/s40504-018-0076-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-018-0076-z","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how digital epidemiology and eHealth coalesce into a powerful health surveillance system that fundamentally changes present notions of body and health. In the age of Big Data and Quantified Self, the conceptual and practical distinctions between individual and population body, personal and public health, surveillance and health care are diminishing. Expanding on Armstrong's concept of \"surveillance medicine\" to \"quantified self medicine\" and drawing on my own research on the symbolic power of statistical constructs in medical encounters, this article explores the impact of digital health surveillance on people's perceptions, actions and subjectivities. It discusses the epistemic confusions and paradoxes produced by a health care system that increasingly treats patients as risk profiles and prompts them to do the same, namely to perceive and manage themselves as a bundle of health and security risks. Since these risks are necessarily constructed in reference to epidemiological data that postulate a statistical gaze, they also construct or make-up disembodied \"individuals on alert\".","PeriodicalId":37861,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Society and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40504-018-0076-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36221519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Machine metaphors and ethics in synthetic biology. 合成生物学中的机器隐喻与伦理。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2018-06-04 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-018-0077-y

Joachim Boldt

{"title":"Machine metaphors and ethics in synthetic biology.","authors":"Joachim Boldt","doi":"10.1186/s40504-018-0077-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40504-018-0077-y","url":null,"abstract":"The extent to which machine metaphors are used in synthetic biology is striking. These metaphors contain a specific perspective on organisms as well as on scientific and technological progress. Expressions such as \"genetically engineered machine\", \"genetic circuit\", and \"platform organism\", taken from the realms of electronic engineering, car manufacturing, and information technology, highlight specific aspects of the functioning of living beings while at the same time hiding others, such as evolutionary change and interdependencies in ecosystems. Since these latter aspects are relevant for, for example, risk evaluation of uncontained uses of synthetic organisms, it is ethically imperative to resist the thrust of machine metaphors in this respect. In addition, from the perspective of the machine metaphor viewing an entity as a moral agent or patient becomes dubious. If one were to regard living beings, including humans, as machines, it becomes difficult to justify ascriptions of moral status. Finally, the machine metaphor reinforces beliefs in the potential of synthetic biology to play a decisive role in solving societal problems, and downplays the role of alternative technological, and social and political measures.","PeriodicalId":37861,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Society and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5985241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36188788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The biogenetical revolution of the Council of Europe - twenty years of the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (Oviedo Convention). 欧洲委员会的生物基因革命--《人权与生物医学公约》（《奥维耶多公约》）二十年。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2018-05-16 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-018-0073-2

Oktawian Nawrot

引用次数: 0

Scientific iconoclasm and active imagination: synthetic cells as techno-scientific mandalas. 科学的偶像破坏与活跃的想象:合成细胞作为科技的曼陀罗。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2018-05-14 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-018-0075-0

Hub Zwart

{"title":"Scientific iconoclasm and active imagination: synthetic cells as techno-scientific mandalas.","authors":"Hub Zwart","doi":"10.1186/s40504-018-0075-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40504-018-0075-0","url":null,"abstract":"Metaphors allow us to come to terms with abstract and complex information, by comparing it to something which is structured, familiar and concrete. Although modern science is \"iconoclastic\", as Gaston Bachelard phrases it (i.e. bent on replacing living entities by symbolic data: e.g. biochemical and mathematical symbols and codes), scientists are at the same time prolific producers of metaphoric images themselves. Synthetic biology is an outstanding example of a technoscientific discourse replete with metaphors, including textual metaphors such as the \"Morse code\" of life, the \"barcode\" of life and the \"book\" of life. This paper focuses on a different type of metaphor, however, namely on the archetypal metaphor of the mandala as a symbol of restored unity and wholeness. Notably, mandala images emerge in textual materials (papers, posters, PowerPoints, etc.) related to one of the new \"frontiers\" of contemporary technoscience, namely the building of a synthetic cell: a laboratory artefact that functions like a cell and is even able to replicate itself. The mandala symbol suggests that, after living systems have been successfully reduced to the elementary building blocks and barcodes of life, the time has now come to put these fragments together again. We can only claim to understand life, synthetic cell experts argue, if we are able to technically reproduce a fully functioning cell. This holistic turn towards the cell as a meaningful whole (a total work of techno-art) also requires convergence at the \"subject pole\": the building of a synthetic cell as a practice of the self, representing a turn towards integration, of multiple perspectives and various forms of expertise.","PeriodicalId":37861,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Society and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40504-018-0075-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36099439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Is there a duty to participate in digital epidemiology? 我们有义务参与数字流行病学吗?

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2018-05-09 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-018-0074-1

Brent Mittelstadt, Justus Benzler, Lukas Engelmann, Barbara Prainsack, Effy Vayena

{"title":"Is there a duty to participate in digital epidemiology?","authors":"Brent Mittelstadt, Justus Benzler, Lukas Engelmann, Barbara Prainsack, Effy Vayena","doi":"10.1186/s40504-018-0074-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-018-0074-1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper poses the question of whether people have a duty to participate in digital epidemiology. While an implied duty to participate has been argued for in relation to biomedical research in general, digital epidemiology involves processing of non-medical, granular and proprietary data types that pose different risks to participants. We first describe traditional justifications for epidemiology that imply a duty to participate for the general public, which take account of the immediacy and plausibility of threats, and the identifiability of data. We then consider how these justifications translate to digital epidemiology, understood as an evolution of traditional epidemiology that includes personal and proprietary digital data alongside formal medical datasets. We consider the risks imposed by re-purposing such data for digital epidemiology and propose eight justificatory conditions that should be met in justifying a duty to participate for specific digital epidemiological studies. The conditions are then applied to three hypothetical cases involving usage of social media data for epidemiological purposes. We conclude with a list of questions to be considered in public negotiations of digital epidemiology, including the application of a duty to participate to third-party data controllers, and the important distinction between moral and legal obligations to participate in research.","PeriodicalId":37861,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Society and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40504-018-0074-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36084954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Genomics? That is probably GM! The impact a name can have on the interpretation of a technology. 基因组学?那可能是通用汽车!名称对技术解释的影响。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2018-04-17 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-018-0072-3

Reginald Boersma, Bart Gremmen

引用次数: 5

Disease detection, epidemiology and outbreak response: the digital future of public health practice. 疾病检测、流行病学和疫情应对:公共卫生实践的数字化未来。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-018-0071-4

Edward Velasco

{"title":"Disease detection, epidemiology and outbreak response: the digital future of public health practice.","authors":"Edward Velasco","doi":"10.1186/s40504-018-0071-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-018-0071-4","url":null,"abstract":"Inequalities persist when it comes to the attention, resource allocation and political prioritization, and provision of appropriate, adequate, and timely health interventions to populations in need. Set against a complex socio-political backdrop, the pressure on public health science is significant: institutions and scientists are accountable for helping to find the origins of disease, and to prevent and respond effectively more rapidly than ever. In the field of infectious disease epidemiology, new digital methods are contributing to a new 'digital epidemiology' and are seen as a promising way to increase effectivity and speed of response to infectious disease and public health events. New types of health data and access to personal information that are available through diverse channels will continue to have wide implications for epidemiology and public health practice. The purpose of this short paper is to introduce the emerging backdrop of practical and ethical challenges for those involved within the practice of public health as they face increasing collaborations with those from fields that have not traditionally applied their methods to epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":37861,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Society and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40504-018-0071-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35967074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Editors introduction: biobanks as sites of bio-objectification. 编辑介绍:生物银行作为生物物化的场所。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2018-02-21 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-018-0070-5

Neil Stephens, Nik Brown, Conor Douglas

引用次数: 2

I'm shocked: informed consent in ECT and the phenomenological-self. 我很震惊:ECT和现象学自我的知情同意。

IF 3.1

Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2018-02-13 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-018-0068-z

Patrick Seniuk

引用次数: 13