Crime Science最新文献_第5页

Police practitioner views on the challenges of analysing and responding to knife crime 警察从业人员对分析和应对持刀犯罪挑战的看法

IF 6.1

Crime Science Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-022-00180-1

K. Bullock, Iain Agar, M. Ashby, Iain R. Brennan, Gavin Hales, A. Sidebottom, N. Tilley

引用次数: 0

Do increases in the price of fuel increase levels of fuel theft? Evidence from England and Wales. 燃油价格的上涨是否增加了燃油盗窃的水平?来自英格兰和威尔士的证据。

IF 6.1

Crime Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00182-7

Aiden Sidebottom, Iain Agar, Justin Kurland

引用次数: 0

Domestic abuse in the Covid-19 pandemic: measures designed to overcome common limitations of trend measurement. 新冠肺炎大流行中的家庭虐待：旨在克服趋势衡量的共同局限性的措施。

IF 6.1

Crime Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00190-7

Sarah Hodgkinson, Anthony Dixon, Eric Halford, Graham Farrell

{"title":"Domestic abuse in the Covid-19 pandemic: measures designed to overcome common limitations of trend measurement.","authors":"Sarah Hodgkinson, Anthony Dixon, Eric Halford, Graham Farrell","doi":"10.1186/s40163-023-00190-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40163-023-00190-7","url":null,"abstract":"Research on pandemic domestic abuse trends has produced inconsistent findings reflecting differences in definitions, data and method. This study analyses 43,488 domestic abuse crimes recorded by a UK police force. Metrics and analytic approaches are tailored to address key methodological issues in three key ways. First, it was hypothesised that reporting rates changed during lockdown, so natural language processing was used to interrogate untapped free-text information in police records to develop a novel indicator of change in reporting. Second, it was hypothesised that abuse would change differentially for those cohabiting (due to physical proximity) compared to non-cohabitees, which was assessed via a proxy measure. Third, the analytic approaches used were change-point analysis and anomaly detection: these are more independent than regression analysis for present purposes in gauging the timing and duration of significant change. However, the main findings were largely contrary to expectation: (1) domestic abuse did not increase during the first national lockdown in early 2020 but increased across a prolonged post-lockdown period, (2) the post-lockdown increase did not reflect change in reporting by victims, and; (3) the proportion of abuse between cohabiting partners, at around 40 percent of the total, did not increase significantly during or after the lockdown. The implications of these unanticipated findings are discussed.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40163-023-00190-7.","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10262932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9654455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Considering the lip print patterns of Ibo and Hausa Ethnic groups of Nigeria: checking the wave of ethnically driven terrorism. 以尼日利亚伊博族和豪萨族唇印为例:遏制种族恐怖主义浪潮。

IF 6.1

Crime Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00183-6

G C Uzomba, C A Obijindu, U K Ezemagu

{"title":"Considering the lip print patterns of Ibo and Hausa Ethnic groups of Nigeria: checking the wave of ethnically driven terrorism.","authors":"G C Uzomba, C A Obijindu, U K Ezemagu","doi":"10.1186/s40163-023-00183-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-023-00183-6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lip print of an individual is distinct and could be a useful form of evidence to identify the ethnicity of a terrorist.Objectives: The study analyzed the distribution of lip print patterns of two major ethnic groups in Nigeria; Ibo and Hausa, to develop a strategic plan to check the wave of ethnically driven terrorism in Nigeria, carried out by groups such as Boko Haram and Indigeneous People of Biafra (IPOB).Materials and methods: The study comprised 800 participants of Ibo and Hausa ethnic groups (400 males and 400 females). The study adopted a digital method of lip print analysis and followed the guidelines outlined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) for anthropometric measurements. The lip was classified, using Tsuchihashi and Suzuki method of classification.Results: The predominant lip print patterns of Ibo were Type I with complete vertical groove and Type III with intersect of groove for male and Type III for female. Type I' with partial length groove was the predominant pattern for both male and female Hausa. The lip width and height of female Ibo were longer than that of the Hausa counterpart (P < 0.05), but none of the anthropometric variables could predict the lip print pattern.Conclusion: The lip size and print could aid forensic investigation, though genetic diversity and heterogeneity of ethnic groups in Nigeria, especially that of Ibo, could setback use of lip print pattern to identify the ethnicity of an unknown individual in Nigeria to help determine the terrorist group to which they may belong.","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9979105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10857223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overlapped Bayesian spatio-temporal models to detect crime spots and their possible risk factors based on the Opole Province, Poland, in the years 2015-2019. 基于2015-2019年波兰奥波莱省的重叠贝叶斯时空模型，用于检测犯罪地点及其可能的风险因素。

IF 6.1

Crime Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00189-0

Rafał Drozdowski, Rafał Wielki, Andrzej Tukiendorf

{"title":"Overlapped Bayesian spatio-temporal models to detect crime spots and their possible risk factors based on the Opole Province, Poland, in the years 2015-2019.","authors":"Rafał Drozdowski, Rafał Wielki, Andrzej Tukiendorf","doi":"10.1186/s40163-023-00189-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40163-023-00189-0","url":null,"abstract":"Geostatistical methods currently used in modern epidemiology were adopted in crime science using the example of the Opole province, Poland, in the years 2015-2019. In our research, we applied the Bayesian spatio-temporal random effects models to detect 'cold-spots' and 'hot-spots' of the recorded crime numbers (all categories), and to ascertain possible risk factors based on the available statistical population (demographic), socio-economic and infrastructure area characteristics. Overlapping two popular geostatistical models in the analysis, 'cold-spot' and 'hot-spot' administrative units were detected which displayed extreme differences in crime and growth rates over time. Additionally, using Bayesian modeling four categories of possible risk factors were identified in Opole. The established risk factors were the presence of doctors/medical personnel, road infrastructure, numbers of vehicles, and local migration. The analysis is directed toward both academic and police personnel as a proposal for an additional geostatistical control instrument supporting the management and deployment of local police based on easily available police crime records and public statistics.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40163-023-00189-0.","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10201027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9539237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Weather and crime: a systematic review of the empirical literature 天气与犯罪:实证文献的系统回顾

IF 6.1

Crime Science Pub Date : 2022-12-18 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-022-00179-8

J. Corcoran, R. Zahnow

引用次数: 4

Unpacking the police patrol shift: observations and complications of “electronically” riding along with police 打开警察巡逻班的包装：与警察一起“电子”骑行的观察结果和复杂性

IF 6.1

Crime Science Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-022-00178-9

Rylan Simpson, N. Bell

引用次数: 2

Spatial distribution and developmental trajectories of crime versus crime severity: do not abandon the count-based model just yet 犯罪与犯罪严重程度的空间分布和发展轨迹：目前还没有放弃基于计数的模型