Bulletin of the Kyushu University Forests最新文献

{"title":"Carbon dioxide and Ethylene Levels during Incubation and Fruiting Stages on Sawdust-Based Culture of Lentinula edodes","authors":"大賀 祥治, S. Oga, ショウジ オオガ","doi":"10.15017/10941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15017/10941","url":null,"abstract":"The production of volatiles from the sawdust-based culture of Lentinula edodes was monitored during mycelial growth and fruit body first flush for 100 days. Carbon dioxide and ethylene production was recognized in relation to mycelial growth and fruit body development. These two volatiles were released with similar pattern. It was seen that high rates of both volatiles production occurred on days 20 to 30 of fully colonized stage, and day 60 of fruit body veil break stage.","PeriodicalId":378300,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Kyushu University Forests","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133287415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Biodegradable Polyurethane Foams from Condensed Tannin and Bark of Acacia mearnsii","authors":"戈 進杰, Jin-jie Ge, ゲ ジンジェ","doi":"10.11501/3084040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11501/3084040","url":null,"abstract":"Utilization of wattle tannin (WT) and Acacia meamsii bark (BK) was studied as a partial replacement for synthetic polyols in formulation of polyurethane (PU) preparation. Based on the urethane formation from (+ )-catechin, it is suggested that polyhydric condensed tannin can be utilized as a polyol and constitutes hard segments in a PU polymer molecule. Rigid PU foams were prepared from WT and BK and their biodegradability was investigated. Various types of PU foams can be obtained by selecting the appropriate diisocyanates. Hydroxyl groups in B-ring of WT react with isocyanate, and hence WT and BK act as cross-linking agents as well as hard segments in PU foams so as to produce rigid foams at high levels of WT or BK contents. The PU foams derived from WT and BK obviously were degraded by some wood-rotting fungi. The BK moiety was degraded preferentially by fungi and soil microorganisms. The urethanes derived from catechin and WT were relatively stable under hydrolytic and aminolytic conditions at room temperature. The rates of decompo­ sition of urethanes derived from catechin and WT in both hydrolysis and aminolysis conditions at high temperatures were much faster than those of urethanes derived from phenethyl alcohol and trirnethylolpropane.","PeriodicalId":378300,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Kyushu University Forests","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129623775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Wood Anatomical Properties and Specific Permeability of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) Sapwood and Intermediate Wood","authors":"松村 順司, J. Matsumura, 樫原 嘉代子, K. Kashihara, 堤 壽一, J. Tsutsumi, 小田 一幸, K. Oda, ジュンジ マツムラ, カヨコ カシハラ, ジュイチ ツツミ, オダ カズユキ","doi":"10.15017/10935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15017/10935","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to clarify anatomical factors which determine specific permeability of sapwood and intermediate wood in air-dried sugi (Cr?~ptomeria juponica) wood. Superficial air permeability of sugi sapwood and intermediate wood was measured and then specific permeability was determined. Using these specimens for permeability tests, the proportion of latewood and earlywood, the percentage ol aspirated and incompletely aspirated pits, the number of bordered pits per tracheid, the number of tracheids per unit area and tracheid length were obtained. Specific permeability decreased with increasing levels in the stcm except for the lowest level and also related to distance from pith, suggesting that cambial age is related to specific permeability. A clear relationship between percentage ol latewood and specific permeability was not found, suggesting that effective pathways in earlywood determines permeability. Specific permeability of intermediate wood and sapwood were significantly related to the number of effective open pits in earlywood, Mi3J, which was determined by anatomical properties such as aspirated and incompletely aspirated pits, the number of pits and tracheids, and proportion of latewood, suggesting that specilic permeability of sugi sapwood and intermediate wood is a physical value determined by the intrinsic properties of earlywood in addition to the condition of bordercd pits.","PeriodicalId":378300,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Kyushu University Forests","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129783524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the treatment of kraft bleaching effluents with lignin-degrading fungi","authors":"李 宣鎬, 近藤 隆一郎, 坂井 克己, Senne Lee, R. Kondo, K. Sakai","doi":"10.11501/3075461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11501/3075461","url":null,"abstract":"Typically, for production of high brightness pulp, the residual lignin in unbleached kraft pulp is commonly removed through a multi-stage bleaching process with the use of chlorine species. The effluent from such a bleaching process is dark brown due to their content of chromophoric and polymeric lignin derivaties. Moreover, the organically bound chlorine [measured as total organically bound chlorine (TOCI) or adsorbable organic halogen (AOX)) is present in a wide range of organic materials which have toxic and mutagenic properties. It has recently been discovered that small quantities of dioxines [polychlorinated dibenzo dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzo furan (PCDF)) can also appear in bleach plant effluents. Consequently, this bleaching effluent is not easily recycled within a mill recovery system because of the potential corrosion problems created by its high chlorine content and finally affects the harmful effects on the environment. The purpose of the present research is to describe the decolorization of the El effluent with white-rot fungi showing the Iigninolytic activity, to accomplish efficient treatment of kraft bleachery efficient with less energy and in relatively short treatment-period. First, it was attempted to design the effective treatment process of the El effluent with the fungus IZU-154 showing ligninolytic activity. It has revealed that the color of the effluent was effectively removed when glucose was added as an additive. Furthermore, the addition of glucono-d-lactone to the El effluent produced a more remarkable degree of decolorization than did that of glucose. All white-rot fungi tested showed high decolorization effect of the El effluent in the presence of glucono-d-lactone. It is suggested that the effect of glucono-d-Iactone on the high decolorization of El effluent are closely associated with the activity of the surfaces of the mycelium due to the change of pH of the effluent during fungal treatment. Moreover, to establish a more practical system for the decolorization of the bleaching effluent, a screening have been performed to find fungi having high decolorization activity of the El effluent without any additional nutrients. The","PeriodicalId":378300,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Kyushu University Forests","volume":"405 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122107205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Basidiomycets and Insect Infested Roadside Trees","authors":"大賀 祥治, 野村 周平, 井上 晋, S. Oga, S. Nomura, S. Inoue","doi":"10.15017/10913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15017/10913","url":null,"abstract":"Some biotic and abiotic factors causal to the deterioration of roadside trees were surveyed in Fukuoka City on 23 species planted along 22 main streets. Various fruit bodies of basidiornycete, imperfect fungi and bacterial canker disease as well as insect pests were detected. Forty - six fungi strains were obtained in this survey. Aphyllophorales basidiomycete was the most abundant fungi found in surveyed raodside trees. Fruit bodies of 7 edible mushroom species were identified on the scaffold limbs, trunks and root collars of roadside trees. Population of all wood­ inhabiting basidiomycetes from healthy and diseased trees were significantly different. Robinia pseudoacacia declined severely with mycerial development and fruit body formation of white rot fungi, Fomitella fraxinea on root collars. It is conceivable that low soil pH might be a major factor. Fifty - one species of tree insects were identified in this survey, major pests being two species of termites (Isoptera), Reticulitermes speraius kyushuensis and Copiotermes formosanus which significantly attacked ten tree species. Cerarnbycid beetles, Anoplophora malasiaca and Eupromus ruber severely damaged Platanus orienialis and Machilus thunbergii, respectively. Root damage status corresponded significantly to the degree of upper tree decline. Results clearly show differences between evergreen broad-leaved trees and deciduous broad -leaved trees in tolerance to wood-inhabiting basidiomycetes and tree-parasitic insects. Overall, this preliminary survey documents some biotic and abiotic factors may contribute to roadside tree decline in Fukuoka City.","PeriodicalId":378300,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Kyushu University Forests","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121416978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Weibull Paramenters Expressing the Diameter Distribution of Plantations","authors":"柿原 道喜","doi":"10.15017/10895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15017/10895","url":null,"abstract":"A problem in the expressioi~ of diameter distribution of plantations using only the Weibull parameters a, b and c was examined. First, it was shown that the scatter of diameters could not be evaluated exactly using only parameter b. Therefore, to solve this, a simple calculating method of a standard deviation and variation coefficient of diameters using the Weibull parameters b and c was devised. From examples taken from application, it became clear that differences in the scatter of diameter distributions, where parameter b was nearly the same and c was greatly different, could be evaluated precisely by comparison of standard deviation and variation coefficient calculated using the above method. Furthermore, when comparing of some diameter distributions in which parameter b was different, it was shown that difference in the scatter of diameters must be evaluated using standard deviation and variation coefficient. From the viewpoint of forest management technology, it is very important to ascertain the scatter of diameters with regard to plantations. Therefore, the simple method of calculating standard deviation and variation coefficient of diameters proposed in this study should be utilized effectively in study of forest management technology of plantations using the Weibull distribution.","PeriodicalId":378300,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Kyushu University Forests","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125004356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of Sprouting in Hamabiwa (Litsea japonica Juss.) Growing in a Coastal Dwarf Forest","authors":"S. Ito","doi":"10.15017/10872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15017/10872","url":null,"abstract":"Morphology, age structure and growth of sprouts in Hamabiwa (Litsea jufionica Juss.) growing in a coastal dwarf forest in northern Kyushu were investigated, and timing of sprouting was discussed in relation to activities of terminal buds. Sprouts of Hamabiwa were collected and n~orphology of sprouts and their prilnordia were observed. On the stem surfaces of Hamabiwa, there were numerous suppressed buds with vascular traces connected to the pith. Similar vascular traces were observed at the base of sprouting positions. So, the priinordia of sprouts in Hamabiwa were assumed to be suppressed buds. 67 sprouts from six clumps were randomly sampled for age structure analysis, Although there were large fluctuations in the frequency distributioil of sprout age, sprouts existed in most age classes. The frequency distribution showed a gentle inverse-J shape indicating a high survival rate of sprouts. Disks of stems of one clump with 7 sprouts were sampled for stem growth and sprouting analysis. Sprouting was observed in years when the height growth rate declined or in the following years. This result suggested that sprouting was closely related to the activity of terminal buds. However, there was no significant relationship between sprouting and volume or radial growth rates. From these results, it was suggested that Hamabiwa growing in a coastal dwarf forest flushes sprouts constailtly due to stress at terminal buds, and maintains their","PeriodicalId":378300,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Kyushu University Forests","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130463917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"薬用植物の生産と流通(1) : 黄柏の需給とキハダの人工植栽","authors":"吉良 今朝芳, 大賀 祥治, 古賀 信也","doi":"10.15017/10873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15017/10873","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378300,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Kyushu University Forests","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131307244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and Water Relations of Leaves of Eucalyptus grobulus Sprouts","authors":"伊藤 哲, S. Ito, 須崎 民雄, T. Suzaki, サトシ イトウ, タミオ スザキ","doi":"10.15017/10854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15017/10854","url":null,"abstract":"Characteristics of leaf inorphology and water relations were examined and compared for the leaves of Eucnlyfil'us grobztlus which shows continuous changes of leaf form from oval in the current sprouts to lanceolate in the normally grown shoots. With the changes of leaf form, several anatomical features were observed to change continuously. The normal leaves had long petioles and showed some 'sun leaf' characteristics, i. e., three or four layers of ~nesophyll palisade cells, srnall specific leaf area, dense venation, and low air space ratio. On the other hand, the current sprout leaves si~owed the 'shade leaf' characteristics. On the abaxial surface of the current sprout leaves, snlaller stomata in high frequency compared to those of norrnal leaves were observed. No stomata was observed on the adaxial surface of the sprouts leaves although there was about a frequency of 60% of abaxial stomata in the i1ormal leaves. Water relation parameters obtained by the pressure-volume curve technique suggested that the sprout leaves were inferior in maintaining cell turgor against water loss compared to the i~orinal leaves. Under field conditions, transpiration rates and stoi~~atai conductances were higher in the sprout leaves, while leaf water potelltials were almost the same in both the sprout and the 11or111al leaves. Tlle leaf specific coi1ductai~ce of tree bole supporting unit leaf area, calculated from the relationship between leaf water potentials and transpiration rates, was higher in sprouts. It was collcluded that the sprout leaves, which have a lower-light efficient morphology and a smaller contellt of osn~otic water, nlaiiltain the high stoll~atal col1ductance supported by a high leaf specific conductance.","PeriodicalId":378300,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Kyushu University Forests","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114190176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of Momi and Tsuga Forest : The Influence of Broad-leaved Trees on the Growth of Two dominant Conifers, Momi and Tsuga Trees","authors":"汰木 達郎, T. Yuruki, 荒上 和利, K. Aragami, タツロウ ユルキ, カズトシ アラガミ","doi":"10.15017/10838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15017/10838","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of broad-leaved trees on the growth of two conifers, Momi arid Tsuga trees was explained by the changes of individual ranking, including that of broad-leaved trees, from an early stage in the development of the community. 1) Judging from the age structure, it was considered that Momi and Tsuga trees, and broadleaved trees on the surveyed plots had developed in gaps or openings in the forest. 2) Momi and Tsuga individuals established earlier in gaps or openings in the forest were superior to broad-leaved trees in competition from an early time in the development of the community and became stable in a superior position. 3) 011 the other hand, most of the Momi and Tsuga trees established later stagnate in a subordinate position as a result of oppression from the upper trees. This phenomenon indicated that the occurrence period, i, e., the time of establishment, affected the growth of individuals. 4) Momi and Tsuga individuals were ranked in three classes-superior, medium and subordinate in a Momi and Tsuga forest, but when broad-leaved trees outnumbered Momi and Tsuga trees, those of the latter in the medium class were few. 5) Broad-leaved trees CO-existing with Momi and Tsuga trees were composed of a large number of middle-sized and small trees, and a small number of large trees. It was considered that the paucity of large broad.leaved trees also prolnoted the superiority of Momi and Tsuga trees in a natural forest.","PeriodicalId":378300,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Kyushu University Forests","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130111675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}