Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between Collaboration in Work Support and Knowledge and Skills in Providing Support for Individuals with Disabilities","authors":"Kazuaki Maebara, J. Yaeda","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There has been growing hope for initiatives supporting the transition of persons with disabilities from employment-related welfare services to employees in companies. This is against the backdrop of a significant increase in employment among persons with disabilities in Japan. Objective: To improve the quality of this transition, this study examined the relationship between the collaboration of the Work Support Centers for Continuous Employment Type B (WSC-B) with vocational rehabilitation organizations (VROs) and knowledge and skills related to employment support. Methods: A survey including all 122 WSC-B in L-Prefecture was conducted by postal mail. The respondents were asked to rate items on the following six levels concerning collaboration with VROs and understanding of VROs. We used the Japanese version of the Self-Assessment for Students or Counselors (SASC-J) to assess knowledge and skills related to work support. Results: The t-test conducted on knowledge and skills status between WSC-B with a high degree of cooperation with VROs and those with low degrees confirmed significant differences among the various subsystems in VROs. Conclusion: Based on our results, we suggest that maximizing the use of collaboration in work support will enhance the support provided by WSC-B and promote transition support for people with disabilities.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46929905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability and Children as Begging Guides: For how Long Shall Children be Used as Begging Guides by Visually Impaired Persons in Africa?","authors":"S. C. Agunyai, V. Ojakorotu","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effect of using children as begging guides by people with sensory disabilities in Africa. It argues that in some African countries, visually impaired persons, especially parents and relatives, have devised the strategy of abusing their children or someone very close to them as begging guides for financial gain. While this strategy has remained a recurrent problem with severe social, economic, political, and legal implications, scientific research on addressing these implications is scarce. Given this, the article examines the rationale for using children as begging guides, its effects on the children and visually impaired parents, and mitigation strategies against abuse of children as begging guides in Africa. The qualitative research design based on key informant interviews (KIIs) complemented social exclusion and childhood theoretical underpinnings of the study. Results from (KIIs) showed that poverty, religion, cultural beliefs, financial profiteering, poor governance, breakdown in policy implementation against begging are among the rationale why children are abused and used as begging guides. The results also showed that these children experience low academic performance in school, harassment, psychological trauma, health complications from laborious trekking. At the same time, their visually impaired parents suffer from regrets and guilt of not being able to provide good parental care to their children. It concludes that good rehabilitation, vocational programmes, and prompt government supports for people with sensory disabilities would lessen the abuse and use of children as begging guides in Africa.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48121044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Psychological Criteria of the Formation of Gender Stereotypes of Appearance","authors":"Oksana M. Shyian, Larysa F. Foster, Tatiana M. Kuzmenko, Larysa V. Yeremenko, Nina P. Liesnichenko","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.8","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the socio-psychological criteria for the formation of gender stereotypes of appearance. The priority of the study is implementing a system of criteria for gender stereotypes of appearance, taking into account the system of socio-psychological factors and gender-oriented forms of prevention of overcoming sexism and discrimination on the grounds of personality attractiveness. It is substantiated that social evaluation through physical criteria creates several psychological problems because the \"physical self\" is an essential component of the \"self-concept\" and one of the criteria of self-esteem. It is proved that the properties of gender stereotypes coincide with the social ones. They are the bearer of emotional and evaluative characteristics, taking into account the group of values associated with the ambivalence of ideas about another. A methodical approach to the assessment of gender stereotypes of appearance and personality is proposed, which allows determining the criteria of human well-being, taking into account discrimination factors, intrapersonal parameters of affective-negative perception of one's appearance and self-concept, as well as the aesthetic perception of identity. An assessment of socio-psychological factors of gender stereotypes of appearance, which is based on the methodological provisions of psychoanalysis and humanism, cognitive paradigm, dispositional theory, cross-cultural approach, and some sociological studies, is carried out. As an experiment on empirical verification of the stereotypes of appearance, their gender differences, and socio-psychological factors, a set of methods of psychological diagnosis is used, which allow determining indicators of stereotypes of appearance, self-esteem, and attitude to beauty; socio-psychological criteria for the formation of gender stereotypes of appearance. A methodology for assessing the criteria for improving the attitude of respondents to their own appearance by determining the level of self-esteem, satisfaction with appearance, awareness of gender differences in appearance, and the desire to improve their own appearance in case of discrimination has been developed and implemented.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42189588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluate and Intervene in Sensory Processing Disorders by Occupational Therapists in Early Intervention Teams of the North of Portugal","authors":"Aline Patriota Araújo, A. P. Pereira, Helena I S Reis","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The National Early Childhood Intervention System of Portugal is an organized set of services under the responsibility of the Ministries of Health, Labor, and Social Security and Education aimed to support children between 0 and 6 years old and their families, and its mission is to ensure Early Childhood Intervention. At present, there is no research to support the extent of the use of sensory interventions in early intervention teams of Portugal. \u0000Aims: This study aims to analyze and understand the role of occupational therapists who support children with Sensory Processing Dysfunction and their families in local Early Intervention Teams. \u0000Methods: A qualitative and descriptive research was developed using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with ten occupational therapists who have worked in Early Intervention Teams in the North of Portugal for at least one year. \u0000Results: Modulation and Praxis were the categories of Sensory Processing Dysfunction most identified. Families consider that Sensory Processing Dysfunctions interfere with children's performance in activities of daily living and playing. Early childhood educators report that Sensory Processing Dysfunctions influence the child's participation in food, playing, and in more structured and directed activities. To transfer skills, occupational therapists organize training for professionals, families, and early childhood educators. \u0000Conclusion: The importance of collaborative work between professionals and the child's family is evident, and the support they provide in the natural environment and daily routines.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45494700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self- and Other-Focused Emotional Intelligence, Situational Emotional Understanding, and Experience of Loss","authors":"Aistė Diržytė, Aleksandras Patapas, Žilvinas Židonis, Antanas Valantinas, Šarune Dubauskiene","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.7","url":null,"abstract":"The links between emotional intelligence and loss are under-researched, even though a lot of studies have investigated the psychological outcomes of traumatic experiences. Many people suffered multiple losses during the COVID-19 pandemic, including a loss of job, money, support services, or loved ones. The loss of a loved one might result in severe psychological trauma, and research suggests that early-life trauma relates to numerous forms of emotion dysregulation, including stress-reactivity. The consequences of loss for people with special needs deserve special attention since it often means not only the loss of a loved one but also the usual way of life. Thus, it is essential to analyze various aspects of loss experience, including the impact on emotional regulation, to reduce the harmful consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this research was to examine emotional intelligence in groups of those who have a recent experience of loss and those who have not and to establish the impact of the experience of loss on the human psyche and mental health. We have analyzed the results of a simple random sample of gymnasium students (n=362). We hypothesized that the recent loss of a loved one diminishes the ability to understand self and other focused emotions as well as situational emotions. The survey has revealed that respondents who experienced the loss of a loved one understood better how individuals felt in the presented situations than those who did not have such experience. The premise that people who have experienced the loss of a loved one have a lower understanding of emotions than their peers who did not have such an experience has not been confirmed.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49175146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of Students with Disabilities on Reasonable Accommodation at a Tertiary Education: A Case of a Rural University in Limpopo Province, South Africa","authors":"M. Mukwevho, A. Gadisi","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.3","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of democracy in South Africa has put initiatives to redress social injustice suffered by women and people with disabilities. Enrollment of students with disabilities at universities increases yearly, influencing an increase in buying of assistive technologies to enable a teaching and learning environment. \u0000This paper explores the perceptions of students with disabilities on the role of reasonable accommodation in terms of accessibility and facilitation of teaching and learning at the university based on the human rights approach. A pre-corvid 19 pandemic survey used a convergent parallel mixed-method design to evaluate perceptions of reasonable accommodation on the campus. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected roughly simultaneously and integrated into the interpretation of the overall results. A focus group comprised of the representatives of students with disabilities was interviewed. The surveyed population comprised all students with disabilities between the ages of 18 to 25 registered with the Disability Support Unit (DSU) of the University of Venda. The questionnaires collected reasonable accommodation perceptions and satisfaction rates from students about organizational support and training. The distributed questionnaires produced a 90% response rate. The findings highlighted that students with disabilities encountered barriers of inaccessibility to classrooms and residents. Adequate learning material is a barrier for students with visual disabilities. Institutional budget and item costs render buying assistive technologies and building new infrastructures for students with disabilities a constraint. Policy and practice in the institution remain a limitation to interfacing education and disability smoothly.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44797917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Friendliness of a Person’s Musical Space as a Factor of Personality Disharmony Prevention","authors":"N. Maksymova, A. Hrys, M. Pavliuk, M. Maksymov, N. Ivantsev","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.9","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses correlations between a person’s musical space and the degree of personality harmony. The sound environment of a person always influences personality formation and his/her behaviour. By studying a person's musical preferences, a degree of harmony of his/her personality development can be understood. The article's purpose is to determine the correlation of musical preferences with the existence of personality disharmony and types of his/her relationships with others, as well as to determine the specifics of the impact of music on personality features of people with special needs. The authors started from the assumption that, depending on his/her personality traits, a person prefers certain patterns of musical discourse. The empirical study aimed to study relations of such personality features that testify the personality disharmony and are manifested in non-viable relationships with others. The personality manifestations in communications and educational activities were also analyzed. It was determined that music therapy plays an important role in the formation of their personalities for people with special needs. The correlation of personality traits with the perception of music has shown that persons with the external locus of control choose musical discourses that, as for their psychological content, reflect uncertainty, amorphy of world perception or its simplicity, primitiveness; on the contrary, persons with the internal locus of control choose energetic, purposeful music. Persons with the disharmonious type of relationships choose music whose psychological and emotional content reflects the next personality traits: possible aggressive behaviour; a life course that does not demand serious decisions, irresponsibility, and reluctance to resolve complex situations.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42414969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural Component in the Development of the Moral Culture among Preschool Children","authors":"Saltanat M. Abylaikha, Zh. Karmanova, Ulzhan M. Konkhashova, Maral B. Iskakova, Aikerim Nursulankyzy","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.05.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.05.11","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is defined by the need to identify the current moral level of pre-schoolers, to identify factors that positively and negatively affect the moral culture of the child, as well as to develop a methodological foundation for the effective and controlled development of moral culture, ethical principles and empathy among children of 4-5 years old considering the behavioural component. This study focuses on assessing the real levels of moral and cultural development among children, their systematisation and analysis, and making recommendations for teachers and parents to develop moral qualities in a child. The leading method for studying this problem is an experimental method that enables a comprehensive assessment of the moral culture among preschool children. In addition, methods such as structural analysis, comparative method, statistical method, synthesis and deduction methods, and the method of classification were used in the study. The study presents the results of an experiment to establish the level of development of the behavioural component of moral culture among preschool children, reveals the weaknesses of the development of this component, identifies methods of pedagogical influence on the development of moral culture, and makes recommendations for activities, pedagogical methods, and techniques that can be used to make a predictable positive impact on the moral culture of the child. The study materials are of practical value for teachers of preschool educational institutions, child psychologists, as well as teachers and students of pedagogical programmes, and parents.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49049898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Emotional-Volitional Sphere of Future Specialists of Risky Professions on Professional Training Performance","authors":"N. Kucherenko, Yuliia Bilotserkivska, Andriy L. Zlotnikov, D. Prykhodko","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.05.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.05.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The professional activities of specialists of risky professions are carried out in extreme conditions, characterized by a significant number of stressful factors, which, if the professional qualities of specialists are not sufficiently developed, leads to a decrease in the efficiency of performance of official duties, professional burnout, and psychosomatic disorders. Background: The success of the performance of service tasks is primarily influenced by the developmental level of the emotional-volitional sphere, in particular self-regulation, emotional-volitional stability, ensuring the ability to make autonomous decisions, form and determine tasks following the requirements of complex, changing situations, and therefore, achieve their goals. The article aims to analyze the emotional and volitional state of future specialists of risky professions during training. Method: The leading research method was observation. The emotional-volitional sphere is an integral part of the system of regulating activity as a professional. During the research, the main areas of the formation of the emotional-volitional sphere were identified. With the help of psychological analysis, the important properties of future specialists in the development of the emotional-volitional sphere have been determined. Results: The analysis results show that future specialists have an average and low level of stylistic possibilities for self-regulation (modeling, programming, autonomy). The reasons for the low progress of future specialists have been determined. Conclusion: The practical significance of the research lies in the development of recommendations for training and the formation of the emotional-volitional sphere during educational activities.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44505942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation Mechanisms of Emotional Intelligence of a Future Psychologist in the Context of Vocational Education","authors":"Larysa А. Afanasenko, O. Oliinyk, M. Tkalych, Nataliia O. Guba, V. Gnevasheva","doi":"10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.05.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.05.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Emotional intelligence is an indicator of a person's ability to communicate, the ability to be aware of their emotions and understand the feelings of others. Background: The development of the emotional intelligence of junior university students occurs through various activities, especially in the process of specially organised training and education. This work aims to study the mechanisms of formation of emotional intelligence and stages of formation of emotional intelligence in psychology students. Method: Data analysis, synthesis and pedagogical modelling were used. Scientific works on the formation of emotional intelligence were studied. Results: This paper presents a model of the formation of emotional intelligence in students of psychology and practical recommendations for the formation of emotional intelligence in students. Conclusion: The results obtained in this work can be used in practice during the training of psychological and pedagogical faculties students. Also, the materials presented in this paper can be used by teachers of psychology and pedagogy.","PeriodicalId":37806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48491543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}