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The European Foreign Energy Efficiency Policy: Securing External Energy Supply in a Carbon-Constrained World 欧洲对外能源效率政策:在碳限制的世界中确保外部能源供应
PSN: Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-04-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1806233
Anatole Boute
{"title":"The European Foreign Energy Efficiency Policy: Securing External Energy Supply in a Carbon-Constrained World","authors":"Anatole Boute","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1806233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1806233","url":null,"abstract":"Energy efficiency lies at the heart of the European strategy to create a sustainable, secure and competitive energy market (European Commission 2006a). It has long been considered a pillar of the internal European energy policy (European Commission 1987, 1991). More recently, the concern for improved energy efficiency has shifted from the realm of the European internal energy market to external energy relations. It became a cornerstone of the ‘new energy diplomacy’ of the European Union (EU) (European Parliament 2006a). The EU promotes energy savings in non-EU countries in order to limit global energy consumption and so guarantee the future availability of energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (European Commission 2008; European Council 2006; European Parliament 2007a). In addition to these political and geopolitical objectives of energy security and climate change mitigation, the EU foreign energy efficiency policy pursues economic aims. By promoting energy efficiency improvements abroad, the EU aims to open new markets for the European industry and so stimulate the competitiveness of the European economy (European Commission 2009c).","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128088024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
A Public Choice Approach to Strategic and Nonstrategic Environmental Policy 战略性和非战略性环境政策的公共选择方法
PSN: Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9396.2010.00922.x
S. Csordás
{"title":"A Public Choice Approach to Strategic and Nonstrategic Environmental Policy","authors":"S. Csordás","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9396.2010.00922.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2010.00922.x","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we take a public choice perspective on strategic environmental policy and international environmental agreements. We examine cooperative and noncooperative environmental policies under governments that are either welfare maximizers (“good dictators”) or tax revenue maximizers (“Leviathans”). We show that Leviathans can perform better in terms of welfare and that good dictators can set higher taxes. We then analyze international environmental agreements and show that the breakdown of environmental cooperation can indeed lead to a welfare gain for all signatory countries. Considering a delegation game between governments, we find that a Pareto-superior Leviathan outcome can be the unique Nash equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120962855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Behavioral Implications of Ambivalence 矛盾心理的行为含义
PSN: Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-09-02 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1673991
Dan Coffey
{"title":"The Behavioral Implications of Ambivalence","authors":"Dan Coffey","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1673991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1673991","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effect of ambivalence towards climate change issues and the relationship to individual political and non-political behaviors. Previous studies of ambivalence have focused largely on how ambivalence structures mass attitudes on many salient issues, including social welfare and cultural issues. A new battery of questions in the 2008 CCAP focusing on citizen ambivalence on climate change issues is compared to measures of individual behaviors. The results indicate that there is clear evidence for value conflict among U.S. citizens on environmental issues. Importantly, there is evidence that ambivalence positively influences engaging in conservation and recycling, controlling for a range of attitudinal and demographic factors. I suggest that one cause for this relationship is that individuals respond to value conflict, which is psychologically discomforting, by seeking personal ways to deal with macro-level issues. Researchers should consider how political attitudes in other areas translate into social or other non-political behaviors.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133788871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Concentrating Solar Power in China and India: A Spatial Analysis of Technical Potential and the Cost of Deployment 中国和印度的聚光太阳能:技术潜力和部署成本的空间分析
PSN: Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-07-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1694129
Kevin Ummel
{"title":"Concentrating Solar Power in China and India: A Spatial Analysis of Technical Potential and the Cost of Deployment","authors":"Kevin Ummel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1694129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1694129","url":null,"abstract":"Coal power generation in China and India is expected to double and triple, respectively, over the next 20 years, increasing exposure to fuel price volatility, exacerbating local air pollution, and hastening global climate change. Concentrating solar power (CSP) is a growing source of utility-scale, pollution-free electricity, but its potential in Asia remains largely unexamined. High-resolution spatial data are used to identify areas suitable for CSP and estimate power generation and cost under alternative land-use scenarios. Total technical potential exceeds current coal power output by a factor of 16 to 23 in China and 3 to 4 in India. A CSP expansion program and attendant transmission requirements are simulated with the goal of providing 20 percent of electricity in both countries by midcentury. Under conservative assumptions, the program is estimated to require subsidies of $340 billion in present dollars; coal-associated emissions of 96 GtCO2eq are averted at an average abatement cost of $30 per tCO2eq. Estimated costs are especially sensitive to the assumed rate of technological learning, emphasizing the importance of committed public policy and financing to reduce investment risk, encourage expansion of manufacturing capacity, and achieve long-term cost reductions. The results highlight the need for spatially explicit modeling of renewable power technologies and suggest that existing subsidies might be better used through integrated planning for large-scale solar and wind deployment that exploits spatiotemporal complementarities and shared infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133159463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Comparative Assessment of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission 能源消耗与二氧化碳排放的比较评估
PSN: Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-05-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1610021
Naresh Kumar
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission","authors":"Naresh Kumar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1610021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1610021","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from human activities are likely to result in significant changes in climate. The issues of climate change are a part of major dispute for sustainable development because effects of climate changes are visible in various forms such as rise in the sea level, melting of glaciers and natural disasters etc. The climate change debate has long been on mitigation and adaptations to reduce GHGs across the world. The accountability for GHGs emissions lies basically with the developed countries however; the developing countries are often blamed for excess emission of GHGs which contradicts the available facts. So the issues of climate change require a rational policy approach as well as coordinated action at national and global level. It requires a fair and comparative assessment of energy consumption and emission of CO2 which is a chief constituent of GHGs. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are twofold: (i) to provide an inter-regional comparative estimation of energy consumption and CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and (ii) to present measures to mitigate carbon emission in India.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132869471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Implementing Regulatory Reform in Multi-Level Governance Systems: The Case of the Reform of the Water Sector in Italy (1994-2006) 在多层次治理体系中实施监管改革:以意大利水务部门改革为例(1994-2006)
PSN: Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2235541
Alberto Asquer
{"title":"Implementing Regulatory Reform in Multi-Level Governance Systems: The Case of the Reform of the Water Sector in Italy (1994-2006)","authors":"Alberto Asquer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2235541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2235541","url":null,"abstract":"So far relatively few studies have explicitly addressed the issue of how are regulatory reforms implemented (Gönenç et al., 2001; Eisner, 2004; Durant, 1984; Hanf, 1982). In particular, little attention has been placed so far on how the multi-level governance systems – as the institutional and polity context (Hooghe and Marks, 2001; 2003) in which regulatory reform implementation takes place – can affect the transition from a non-regulatory to a regulatory system. This research addresses this issue by investigating the case of the implementation of the 1994 water reform in Italy, in the period from 1994 to 2006. This case shows how a given configuration of multi-level governance system – partly constituted by Italy's system of intergovernmental relations – affected the design of the implementation process, the effort of actors involved, and ultimately the ways in which sub-national governments regulated this particular infrastructural service.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129346111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Voluntary Environmental Programs in the United States: Whose Interests are Served 美国的自愿环境项目:谁的利益得到了服务
PSN: Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1931001
T. Steelman, Jorge Rivera
{"title":"Voluntary Environmental Programs in the United States: Whose Interests are Served","authors":"T. Steelman, Jorge Rivera","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1931001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1931001","url":null,"abstract":"The appeal of voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) lies in their promise to mutually serve government, industry, and environmental interests because they can reduce administrative burdens, provide flexibility to decide how to implement environmental improvements, and work toward superior environmental performance. In practice, however, one interest may be served to the exclusion of others, and this is a charge that often has been leveled at VEPs in the United States. If VEPs are used to serve some interests at the expense of others, they are likely to lose their value as alternative policy instruments. This article details a framework involving procedural, substantive, and practical tests to determine whether the common interest has been served. This assessment framework is applied to two different VEPs in the United States: the Forest Stewardship Council Certification and the Sustainable Slopes Program.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122158380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 57
The Politics of Pollution: Party Regimes and Air Quality in Canada 污染的政治:加拿大的政党制度和空气质量
PSN: Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2006-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.0008-4085.2006.00362.x
R. McKitrick
{"title":"The Politics of Pollution: Party Regimes and Air Quality in Canada","authors":"R. McKitrick","doi":"10.1111/j.0008-4085.2006.00362.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0008-4085.2006.00362.x","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental concerns often figure prominently in opinion polls. But do election outcomes actually affect the environment? I test the influence of the party in power on urban air pollution in 13 Canadian cities. The government's political stripe is not reliably associated with positive or negative effects on air pollution. Provincial parties on both the right and the left are associated with elevated levels of some air contaminants. Federal effects also go in contrasting directions. Overall it appears a change in government is unlikely to be a reliable predictor of changes in air pollution.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"26 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132236631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Bhopal Gas Tragedy – A Social, Economic, Legal and Environmental Analysis 博帕尔毒气悲剧——社会、经济、法律和环境分析
PSN: Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2005-12-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1977710
Malini Nair
{"title":"Bhopal Gas Tragedy – A Social, Economic, Legal and Environmental Analysis","authors":"Malini Nair","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1977710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1977710","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine the economic and legal aspects of the difficulties in obtaining compensation of chemical disaster that occurred India, when the parent company is located in the United States. After this disaster, several laws regulating chemical plant operation became mandatory in both US and in India.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125047385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Boundary Law Under the New Brunswick Land Titles Act: The Worst of All Possible Worlds 新不伦瑞克土地所有权法案下的边界法:所有可能的世界中最糟糕的
PSN: Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2005-10-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3881244
Norman Siebrasse
{"title":"Boundary Law Under the New Brunswick Land Titles Act: The Worst of All Possible Worlds","authors":"Norman Siebrasse","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3881244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3881244","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the abolition of the doctrine of adverse possession by New Brunswick Land Titles Act is unsound as a matter of policy, as it operates arbitrarily, disrupts reasonable expectations, and also increases legal and practical uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121067834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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