PSN: Environment (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Pollution Permits, Imperfect Competition and Abatement Technologies","authors":"Clémence Christin, J. Nicolai, J. Pouyet","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2360018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2360018","url":null,"abstract":"Under imperfect competition, the effect of a cap-and-trade system on indus- try profits depends on the type of abatement technology that is used by firms: industries that use process-integrated technologies are more affected than those using end-of-pipe abatement technologies. The interaction between environmental policy and the evolution of the market structure is then studied. In particular, a reserve of pollution permits for new entrants is justified when the industry uses a process-integrated abatement technology, while a system with a preemption right may be justified in the case of end-of-pipe abatement technology.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125574409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Model of Green Economy for Developing Countries","authors":"Shreekar P. Acharya, A. Sequeira","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2192369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2192369","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of green economy has become a centre of policy debates in recent years. This paper discusses on the issues, challenges, critics of green economy policies by the UNEP. It also throws a light on the areas of promoting green economy as a measure of sustainable development and relationship between economic growth and environment. An insight on the Rio 20 Conference is with regard to above themes are discussed in this paper through UNEP.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131135290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Indian States: An Update","authors":"Tapas Ghoshal, Ranajoy Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2166900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2166900","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an updated version of Ghoshal, and Bhattacharya. (2008). Data for emission for Indian States has been updated till 2008. Further to what was noted in that paper it is observed that the growth in pollution caused by COB2B emission has decreased in all the major states of India in 1990s compared to the 1980s. Again it bounced back in the twenty-first century in many major states. Although the top three emitting states remained the same in the extended series, Madhya Pradesh has replaced Uttar Pradesh as the highest emitter in the new series. Some major states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Kerala have been able to reduce their annual growth in emission in the years after 2000.The trend growth rates for these three states had fallen below the national average in the extended series. The inverted-U shape of the pollution-income relationship remains with only two high income states contributing to the bend back.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124096686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work Less to Pollute Less? What Contribution Can or Must Working Time Reduction Play in Reducing Carbon Emissions?","authors":"A. Watt","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2208388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2208388","url":null,"abstract":"This article asks whether we can, and whether we must, work less to pollute less. After examining different scenarios, the only strategy that appears commensurate with the normative views set out in the paper, i.e. meeting emissions targets while maintaining employment – seems to be a combination of radical efforts to accelerate the decoupling of emissions from economic growth and considerably more substantial reductions in average working hours than have been the norm in recent decades. The author argues that only if the required decoupling acceleration can be achieved, our children and grandchildren can enjoy decent living standards and high levels of employment, along with considerably greater free time, while dramatically reducing Europe’s carbon emissions.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128002945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The REACH Regulation and the TBT Agreement: The Role of the TBT Committee in Regulatory Processes","authors":"L. Gruszczynski","doi":"10.4337/9780857936721.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936721.00017","url":null,"abstract":"A relatively new frontier for legal and policy analysis, technical barriers to trade (TBT’s) have become more common as traditional border barriers have been reduced. This comprehensive Handbook comprises original essays by eminent trade scholars exploring the implications of the WTO’s TBT Agreement.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131271361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use Less, Pay More: Can Climate Policy Address the Unfortunate Event for Being Poor?","authors":"L. Bretschger, Nujin Suphaphiphat","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2138940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2138940","url":null,"abstract":"The paper develops a two-region endogenous growth model with climate change affecting the countries' capital stocks negatively. We compare two different policies aimed at supporting less developed countries: climate mitigation by rich countries, which diminishes the increase in stock pollution and hence capital depreciation, and income transfers in the tradition of development aid. Under a mild set of assumptions we find that active climate policies are more efficient for rich economies and also, remarkably, better for poor countries than additional development aid. The main reason is the difference between the two policies with respect to their effects on economic growth. The results are robust with respect to possible model extensions.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127305128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cap-and-Trade Programs Under Continual Compliance","authors":"M. Hasegawa, S. Salant","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2133291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2133291","url":null,"abstract":"Price collars have frequently been advocated to restrict the price of emissions permits. Consequently, collars were incorporated in the three bills languishing in Congress as well as in California?'s AB-32; Europeans are now considering price collars for EU ETS. In advocating collars, most analysts have assumed (1) collars will be implemented by government purchases and sales from bufferstocks, just like bands on foreign exchange rates or commodity prices; and (2) ?firms must surrender permits whenever they pollute. In fact, however, no actual emissions trading scheme has conformed to these assumptions. In the current paper, we maintain the second assumption (continual compliance) and show that while a price collar supported by a supported sufficiently large bufferstock can restrict permit prices, a price collar supported instead by auctions with reserve prices cannot. In a companion paper (Hasegawa and Salant 2012), we show that neither method works once account is taken of delayed compliance.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128940226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling Demand and Supply Shocks in the Crude Oil Market: How to Check Sign Restrictions in Structural VARs","authors":"H. Luetkepohl, A. Netšunajev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2021757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2021757","url":null,"abstract":"Given the growing dissatisfaction with exclusion and long-run restrictions in structural vector autoregressive analysis, sign restrictions are becoming increasingly popular. So far there are no techniques for validating the shocks identified via such restrictions. Although in an ideal setting the sign restrictions specify shocks of interest, sign restrictions may be invalidated by measurement errors, data adjustments or omitted variables. We model changes in the volatility of the shocks via a Markov switching (MS) mechanism and use this devise to give the data a chance to object to sign restrictions. The approach is illustrated by considering a small model for the market of crude oil.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125909112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transitional Costs of Sectoral Reallocation: Evidence from the Clean Air Act and the Workforce","authors":"Reed Walker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2000069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2000069","url":null,"abstract":"New environmental regulations lead to a rearrangement of production away from polluting industries, and workers in those industries are adversely affected. This paper uses linked worker-firm data in the United States to estimate the transitional costs associated with reallocating workers from newly regulated industries to other sectors of the economy. The focus on workers rather than industries as the unit of analysis allows me to examine previously unobserved economic outcomes such as non-employment and long run earnings losses from job transitions, both of which are critical to understanding the reallocative costs associated with these policies. Using panel variation induced by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), I find that the reallocative costs of environmental policy are significant. Workers in newly regulated plants experienced, in aggregate, more than $9 billion inforegone earnings for the years after the change in policy. Most of these costs are driven by non-employment and lower earnings in future employment, while earnings of workers who remain with their firm change little. Relative to the estimated benefits of the 1990 CAAA, these one-time transitional costs are small. However, the estimated costs far exceed the workforce compensation policies designed to mitigate some of these earnings losses.","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128289749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"คุณภาพของสื่อไทย: ข้อเสนอเชิงประจักษ์ว่าด้วย 'วาทกรรมไข่นายก' (Quality of Thai Media: Empirical Proposals on 'Prime Minister's Eggs Discourse')","authors":"Kittisak Jermsittiparsert, Thanaporn Sriyakul, Chayongkan Pamornmast","doi":"10.5539/ASS.V9N17P218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ASS.V9N17P218","url":null,"abstract":"การวจยครงนจงมวตถประสงคเพอชใหเหนถง “คณภาพ” อกปญหาของสอ ทมกไมไดรบการยอมรบและกลาวถง นอกเหนอจก “เสรภาพ” ผานการพสจน “วาทกรรมไขนายก” ทสอสรางขน และผลตซำมาอยางตอเนองยาวนานในสงคมไทยจวบจนปจจบน เพออธบายความสามารถในการบรหารงานทางดานเศรษฐกจของรฐบาลผานราคาไขทสงขนหรอลดลง ดวยวธวทยาเชงปรมาณขนสง โดยนำขอมลอนกรมเวลาของราคาไข อตราคาจางขนตำ และดชนราคาผบรโภคพนฐาน มาวเคราะหดวยสถตขนสง การวเคราะหถดถอย และการทดสอบความสมพนธเชงดลยภาพในระยะยาวดวยวธของโจฮานเซน.ผลการวจยเมอวเคราะหดวยการวเคราะหถดถอยพบวา ทง 2 ค ไดแก ราคาไขกบอตราคาจางขนตำ และราคาไขกบดชนราคาผบรโภคพนฐาน ลวนมความสมพนธในทศทางเดยวกน ทระดบนยสำคญทางสถต .01 แตเมอวเคราะหดวยการทดสอบความสมพนธเชงดลยภาพในระยะยาวดวยวธของโจฮานเซน กลบพบวาทง 2 ค ตางไมมความสมพนธกน ทงทระดบนยสำคญทางสถต .05 และ .01 ชใหเหนวาการนำราคาไขมาอธบายความสามารถในการบรหารงานทางดานเศรษฐกจของรฐบาลนน ถอเปนความบกพรองอยางยงของสอ ซงแททจรง อาจเปนปญหาทตองการการปฏรป เรงดวนเสยยงกวาเรองเสรภาพเสยอก.This study aims to point out about the quality of media, another flaw of media which has neither been accepted nor discussed while freedom of media has been requested, through the discourse on “prime minister’s eggs” which the media has created and reproduced for the longest history of the Thai society to explain the government’s capability in economic administration when the price of eggs increased or decreased. Employing an advanced quantitative methodology, using time series data on egg prices, minimum wages, and core consumer price indices, in the application of advanced statistical analysis, regression analysis, and Johansen cointegration test.The results from regression analysis shows that each of the two pairs - egg prices and minimum wages, and egg prices and core consumer price indices – indicate positive correlations with the statistic significance at .01 level. However, when it comes to Johansen cointegration test, the findings surprisingly indicate that they do not possess any relation either at .05 or .01 level, which implies that bringing the issue of egg prices to justify the government’s economic administration proves the media’s complete carelessness, which in turn is likely a concrete problem with regard to media reform more urgent than requiring “liberty.”","PeriodicalId":378017,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environment (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133659472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}