Kulturne Dejiny最新文献

{"title":"K reflexi pastýřského listu slovenských biskupů z roku 1924 Československou stranou národně socialistickou","authors":"Pavel Marek","doi":"10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.122-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.122-146","url":null,"abstract":"The Slovak and Subcarpathian Ruthenia bishops of the Catholic and Greek Catholic Churches published a pastoral letter in November 1924 to respond to the fact that some members of these churches were members of communist, socialist or progressive organizations that rejected belief in God, criticizing the churches from atheistic positions and striving to create a secular society. The socialists, in an effort to expand their membership and electorate, went so far as to formally present themselves with Christian symbolism, which was supposed to deceive Catholics in a difficult social position and attract them to their ranks. The bishops reflected on this fact and, through the Pastoral Letter, explained to the members of their churches the destructiveness of socialist and progressive theories and recommended that they leave anti-Catholic organizations. Those Catholics who deliberately failed to take their teachings and warnings into account had to expect that the church would not administer certain sacraments to them. The publication of the Pastoral Letter provoked a fierce reaction in socialist and progressive circles as an attack against the state, its constitution and laws, the government and the democratic system that threatened the very existence of the Republic. The Pastoral Letter and its authors, the Catholic Church, the Holy See and Czech and Slovak political Catholicism were violently attacked by journalists and it triggered a press affair. Subsequently, the question time of German Social Democrats in the Chamber of Deputies resulted in a government crisis solved not only by the government, parliament, and political parties, but also by the so-called Pětka (Committee of Five) as the supreme body of Czechoslovak politics. The search for a way out of the government crisis showed that the socialists, especially the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party, did not want to defend their own ideology in the case, but used the publication of the Letter to pressure the Czechoslovak People’s Party, which, as part of the government coalition and the Švehla government, hindered the solution of the issue of regulating the relationship between the state and the Catholic Church. They wanted to force a change in its attitude by acting tactically with the idea of a minority government without the participation of the Czechoslovak People’s Party. However, the Czechoslovak People’s Party’s leaders handled the difficult situation it found itself in due to pressure from its coalition partners and the Catholic Slovak People’s Party and the Prague radical wing of its own party formed around Rudolf Horský, thanks to the prudent policy of its chairman Jan Šrámek. Although it agreed to negotiate a regulation of the relationship between the state and the churches, it defended the membership of the Czechoslovak People’s Party in the governing coalition, agreed to prosecute only those priests who manifestly violated the law and defended the right of bishops to act indepen","PeriodicalId":37774,"journal":{"name":"Kulturne Dejiny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70974193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"K počátkům životní dráhy významného šlechtice husitské doby v českých zemích Haška z Valdštejna","authors":"David Papajík","doi":"10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.36-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.36-58","url":null,"abstract":"The study provides the first detailed account of the early life of an important nobleman in the Czech lands, Hašek of Valdštejn. While his political career in the period after 1419 is relatively well known, the period prior to this date has not received due attention from historians. Hašek of Valdštejn was the most important member of the Valdštejn family until the time of the great Albrecht Václav Eusebius of Valdštejn in the 17th century. Like his famous relative nearly two hundred years later, Hašek had a major career in the military and diplomatic sphere in the 15th century. The author describes Hašek’s early life in the text. He came from the impoverished Dětenice branch of the family, which held domains in eastern Bohemia, as was first mentioned in written sources in 1404. It can be assumed that he was born sometime between 1385 and 1390. An important strategic decision was his departure from Bohemia to Moravia in 1410, where he managed to establish a prominent position for himself in the local aristocratic society. In Moravia, Hašek acquired the domain of Uherský Ostroh as a pledge by 1411 at the latest. Hašek also acquired the Víckov domain in Moravia at an unknown time. And while it is said that Hašek was the leader of the Budějovice-Hrotovice group of highwaymen in Moravia, the author emphasises that the existence of such a group of outlaws is not sufficiently documented in the sources. He concludes that this is an artificial construct of historians and that no such group existed.","PeriodicalId":37774,"journal":{"name":"Kulturne Dejiny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70975379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nepochybne nikde nie je blahodarný vplyv nemeckej kultúry tak nápadne viditeľný, ako na týchto obyvateľoch Karpát. Národný charakter spišských Nemcov v štatistickej a topografickej literatúre 19. storočia","authors":"Peter Šoltés","doi":"10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.70-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.70-86","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the relationship between the struggle for maintaining the privileges and rights of the free municipalities of the Spiš (Szepes, Zips) county, particularly the Province of 16 Spiš towns, in the first third of the 19th century on one hand and the literary activities of local intelligentsia on the other. As part of a deliberate strategy to eliminate the threat of losing their autonomy and becoming subject to the jurisdiction of the county administration, they constructed an image of Spiš as an exceptional region. The fact that the German-speaking population of Spiš was able to adapt to severe climatic and natural conditions and secure prosperity, education, and cultural dominance was explained in the contemporary intellectual discourse as stemming both from the privileges and rights they had preserved since the Middle Ages and their distinctive national character. In addition to traditional “German” virtues such as industriousness, diligence, a sense of order, and cleanliness, the character of the Spiš Germans was allegedly shaped by newly acquired qualities attributed to their Protestant heritage and adaptation to the environment. The stereotype of Germans as “Kulturträger” was strongly present and from the Enlightenment discourse of the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries it was translated into the historiography and ethnography of German settlement in Eastern Europe in the second half of the 19th century.","PeriodicalId":37774,"journal":{"name":"Kulturne Dejiny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70976011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kauza Mikuláša de Frusten: uhorská augustiniánska provincia v druhej polovici 14. storočia","authors":"Miroslav Huťka","doi":"10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.59-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.59-69","url":null,"abstract":"Interpersonal relationships are often problematic, and it was no different in the past. The aim of our study is the analysis of the dispute that broke out between Nicholas de Oradea, provincial of the Augustinian order, and friar Nicholas de Frusten, later bishop of Belgrade. It seems that the local conflict, thanks to an appeal, reached the prior general of the Augustinians, Gregor de Rimini, who sent several visitators and a vicar to Hungary. In the Hungarian province, the dispute caused great tension, which led to the imprisonment of the visitors and the escape of Nicholas de Frusten to Vienna. The conflict apparently intensified at the extraordinary provincial chapter of the Hungarian Augustinians, which was held sometime between April and July 1358, where the provincial prior could also be dismissed. The conflict was also an example of the use of medieval religious law and its application in practice. Despite the strictly hierarchical system, the Hungarian province probably had a large degree of autonomy, and the prior general was unable to depose the provincial. Like most disputes, this one was eventually settled and both personalities continued to work in Hungary in the following period. They gradually disappear from our information. We will be interested in what the cause of the conflict was, how the dispute proceeded and finally how the whole matter was resolved. How did the prior general of the Augustinian order use his options to settle the dispute? How did the religious visitators work? At the same time, I will ask myself whether the dispute was part of the initial reform of the religious life of the Augustinians.","PeriodicalId":37774,"journal":{"name":"Kulturne Dejiny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70975608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slovanství a jeho kult v československém prostředí 40. let 20. století","authors":"R. Vlček","doi":"10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.177-204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.177-204","url":null,"abstract":"The role of Slavism in the history of Czech and Slovak nations has often been underestimated in past years. Any contemporary research focuses primarily on the 19th century, where the role of Slavism is recognised as a part of the formation of the modern Czech and Slovak nations. Alternately, it is also mentioned in the context of so-called Neo-Slavism that gained popularity at the brink of the 20th century, before the First World War. For the time of interwar Czechoslovakia and the years prior, the role of Slavism is largely overlooked. The aim of this paper is to introduce Slavism as a collection of ideas and opinions that played an important part and, regarding the years prior, had a specific position amongst the ideas and ideology of the Czechoslovak state, re-establishing after the Second World War. In this article, Slavism is described in the context of both wartime and post-war political implications. The role of Slavism is traced mainly through the statements of figures of influence in the political and ideological matters of the state. However, the interpretation also implies certain reflections of Slavism in the opinions of intellectuals aiming to establish Slavonic studies as the science of Slavic mutuality. The paper emphasizes the concept of so-called “cultural Slavism” that served to back the Czechoslovak “national way towards Socialism” during the Second World War and shortly after. The article illustrates how for some of the figures, this idea grew into a cult, also serving as an ideological instrument of peace or defence against the threat of Germanism. In this context, post-war Slavism is portrayed as a part of the political programme and strategic orientation. Methodologically, the paper primarily strives for a critical analysis of how figures like Edvard Beneš, Vladimír Clementis or Zdeněk Nejedlý approached Slavism and how some of the ideological imaginations carried Russophile (Sovietologic) patterns into the Czechoslovak social environment. Paradigmatically, the paper leans towards the traditional definition of Slavism as an important part of Czech (Czechoslovak) national identity. However, in the context of the time, it pinpoints its utilisation or even abuse, building of a cult and transition towards utilitarianism that included explicitly political Russophilia and Great Russian nationalism. In the late 1940’s, the cult of post-war Slavism dissipated, leaving Slavism exclusively to academic research.","PeriodicalId":37774,"journal":{"name":"Kulturne Dejiny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70974821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karol Anton Medvecký v slovenskej historiografii","authors":"Peter Zmátlo","doi":"10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.6-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.6-35","url":null,"abstract":"Karol Anton Medvecký, a Catholic priest, politician and folk educator with an interest in ethnography, was an important figure in Slovak modern history and was a participant in important turning points in Slovak society at the beginning of the 20th century. He began to engage in public life at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In the introductory parts, the author deals with the methodological and theoretical basis for writing professional historical biographies. The second part describes the work of Slovak historians about this personality, his life and work. The author analyzes and evaluates the previous works of Slovak historiography on K. A. Medvecký, which were professional studies, articles and review papers in proceedings, dictionaries and lexicons. He states that a professional historical biography about K. A. Medvecký has not yet been written.","PeriodicalId":37774,"journal":{"name":"Kulturne Dejiny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70976426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vývoj vzťahu Andreja Cvinčeka k episkopátu vo svetle jeho politickej činnosti pred prvou svetovou vojnou, v medzivojnovom období a v rokoch 1945 – 1948","authors":"Patrik Griger","doi":"10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.147-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.147-163","url":null,"abstract":"Andrej Cvinček was a politically active priest. His involvement in politics was also noticed by the episcopate, especially by his superiors, the bishops of Nitra, who were authorised to control and approve his political activity in the light of canon law and the doctrine of the Church. In the present paper we want to analyse both Cvinček’s relations with the bishops and the influence of the episcopate on his views and actions in politics. For the sake of comparison, we have chosen three periods of Cvinček’s life that had different parameters in his political and ecclesiastical position. Before 1918, Cvincek was a young enthusiast of popular politics, but also a poor chaplain interspersed among Slovak village parishes. In the interwar period he became a canon, but found himself in the minority in Slovak political Catholicism. After the Second World War, Cvinček experienced a remarkable return to politics, in which he achieved a much more important position than in previous periods, and so his political importance also increased in the eyes of Slovak bishops. The aim of this paper is thus to examine Cvinček’s political career in the light of the fact that he was a Catholic clergyman. The priestly component of Andrej Cvinček’s personality is as essential to our research as the political one. Against this background, we can also observe the development of the ideas that were promoted in the ecclesiastical milieu. Therefore, our study intends to be a contribution not only to the knowledge of Cvincek in the light of political changes, but also to place his personality in the context of ecclesiastical development.","PeriodicalId":37774,"journal":{"name":"Kulturne Dejiny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70974230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Politická spolupráca Andreja Cvinčeka a Jana Šrámka vo svetle nespracovanej osobnej korešpondencie z rokov 1927 – 1929","authors":"Peter Olexák","doi":"10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.164-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.164-176","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we will try to describe and explain the relationship between the Nitra canon Andrej Cvinček (1880 – 1949) and Jan Šrámek (1870 – 1956), the chairman of the Czechoslovak People’s Party (ČSL). It must be said at the outset that this is a rather complex topic, because there are not enough archival sources regarding their cooperation. In particular, sources of a letter nature are absent, which are of key and irreplaceable importance for the analysis of personalities’ relationships. However, the correspondence from the first two years of operation of the Slovak ČSL was preserved. Although the letters are mainly of a formal nature, they also tell about the opinions and plans of both politicians. They reveal their character, human qualities, work commitment and approach to party problems, thanks to which we also gain a better clarification of the beginnings of the ČSL in Slovakia. It is a set of seventeen letters from the period 1927 – 1929, which have not been the subject of deeper reflection in either Slovak or Czech historiography. According to the preserved correspondence, Cvinček and Šrámek met from December 27, 1926 in Brno and worked on the party’s Slovak program. Cvinček was gradually profiled as the spiritus movens of the party in Slovakia. In addition to the creation of the political program, personal matters also rested on his shoulders, which increased his authority. He became the manager of the ČSL in Slovakia. The article shows how Canon Andrej Cvinček was an important and necessary support for the party chairman Jan Šrámek in the beginnings of the Slovak ČSL.","PeriodicalId":37774,"journal":{"name":"Kulturne Dejiny","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70974290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ako skúmať epidémie? Možnosti analýz cirkevných matrík pri výskume epidémií 19. storočia na území dnešného Slovenska","authors":"Ján Golian","doi":"10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.87-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.87-109","url":null,"abstract":"In the contribution, I am devoted to the evaluation of Slovak historiography related to the research of epidemics on the territory of Slovakia. Especially after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, as in the global spectrum, many researchers in Slovakia began to devote themselves to the research of epidemics. Their publication output, as well as older works, have the character of case studies, without creating a cross-sectional analysis of epidemic research. The diverse level of results, which in many cases does not respect the basic rules of historical demography, remains a problem. Therefore, the results of these researches cannot be compared with other publications from Slovakia and abroad. Based on these findings, I decided to offer readers a methodological anchoring of the possibility of researching epidemics from the 19th century, which can be realized through the analysis of church registers. This is a topic that has not been elaborated on the Slovak area until now, which is probably also why Slovak researchers often do not follow the basic rules of historical demography accepted in the world. When interpreting the methods, I am based primarily on the French school of historical demography, which is established in the region of Central Europe. It is used in both Czech and Polish historiography, which may be even more acceptable for Slovak researchers and readers.","PeriodicalId":37774,"journal":{"name":"Kulturne Dejiny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70976089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pavel Žiška ako „večný“ kandidát na biskupa","authors":"M. Martak","doi":"10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.110-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54937/kd.2023.14.supp.110-121","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents Pavel Žiška as an unsuccessful repeat candidate for bishop. Pavel Žiška can undoubtedly be seen as interesting in Slovakia in the first years of the Czechoslovak state from several points of view. He was one of the few priests with a higher theological education, and despite his relatively young age he repeatedly became a proposed part of various emerging institutions. Up to then, he was the author of several articles, mostly of a homily or other theological nature, but he was also on the lists of persons who could become a potential member of the church hierarchy. The article focuses primarily on the period of his life in which Žiška, very often, in various contexts and for various regions, finds himself on lists or in considerations for the position of candidate for bishop, even though he never managed to achieve this position. The contribution consists of two distinct parts. The first one is focused on the gradual presentation of the appointment processes during the years 1919-1925, and notices primarily Žiška’s place in them as a government nominee, and his personal efforts. The second part of the article seeks an answer to the question based on which he was called a modernist. Progressively, it notes the position of Žiška in the church environment since the establishment of the state, his short tenure in the Council of Priests and the apparent turning point as the responsible editor of the Catholic newspaper.","PeriodicalId":37774,"journal":{"name":"Kulturne Dejiny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70974104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}