Annals of Silvicultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Sprouting suppression and mushroom production after inoculation of Juglans x intermedia stumps with edible fungi species","authors":"Beatriz de la Parra, Sergio Armenteros, J. Cuesta, Jaime Olaizola, Luís Santos, Vincente Monleón, Celia Herrero","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1936","url":null,"abstract":"Removal of stumps and suppression of sprouts after harvesting by conventional methods, such as using heavy machinery or herbicides, alters the physico-chemical characteristics of soil, may cause environmental damage and can be very costly. In this study, the performance of inoculation with edible fungi as a biological alternative for stump degradation, has been examined in walnut plantations of five Spanish provinces. Stumps were inoculated with two species of edible fungi: Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Ex Fr.) P. Kumm and Lentinula edodes (Berk) Pene. Compared with untreated controls, the two biological treatments resulted in a significant and evident reduction of the sprouting probability, which was stronger than the result obtained with chemical treatments. Inoculated stumps also produced edible sporocarps, averaging 15.58 g per stump during the first year. This article constitutes the basis for the development of a sustainable, environmentally friendly and cost-effective product, which is a bioeconomy-based solution for stump degradation in intensive plantations.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47608278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth analysis of an aged Turkey oak coppice under conversion into high forest","authors":"Monica Notarangelo, O. L. Marca","doi":"10.12899/ASR-2176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-2176","url":null,"abstract":"Most Italian research concerning the conversion of coppices analyse growth response at the stand level and adopt absolute growth as reference metric. Nonetheless, inter-individual interactions are lost when averaging tree level information at the stand level. Moreover, absolute growth ignores the initial size of individuals under comparison, the growth of large trees will thus always outperform that of small trees, and nothing can be inferred about tree-to-tree competition. We modelled the growth response after conversion thinning at the tree level using relative growth rate as a function of the initial diameter of individuals, stand density and time. Twenty years later, thinned treatments still yielded larger growth than the reference unthinned aged coppice. In the first 10-year period, the relative growth rate in all treatments decreased with increasing tree size. In the second 10-year period, the relative growth rate still decreased with increasing tree size in thinned treatments, whereas in the unthinned aged coppice, it increased with increasing tree size. The model we applied shows to what extent released individuals have grown in relation to their size and, at same time, provides information on their competitive state in relation to the overall density of stands over time.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66121319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrow size diameter class model for tree growth and yield simulation in a mahoe (Talipariti elatum (SW.) Fryxell, Malvaceae) plantation in Puerto Rico","authors":"Jimena Forero Montaña, J. Zimmerman, Thrity Vakil, M. Nelson, M. Pérez, Joaquín Medín","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1850","url":null,"abstract":"Forest management planning requires forest growth models that provide a reliable way to forecast growth, calculate yield, and examine the effects of silviculture. Here we used a size stem frequency approach based on differential equations to developed a growth simulator system to guide the management of mahoe ( Talipariti elatum (SW.) Fryxell) in a small plantation in Puerto Rico. We estimated the optimal harvest age using the Faustmann model, and evaluated alternative harvesting schemes using sensitivity analyses. The growth simulator system predicted that tree volume at first rises quickly, reaches a maximum value, and then decreases because of a lack of natural regeneration in the plantation. Thus, harvesting must be followed by replanting and large and healthy trees must be maintained as seed sources. The optimal harvest age was 43 years for a discount rate of 2.5% and 19 years for 5% interest. Analysis for alternative management schemes based on selective harvesting of the largest tress showed that 5%, 15%, or 30% of the trees ≥54.5 cm dbh could be harvested in cycles of 1, 5 or 10 years respectively, without drastically decreasing the basal area. The sustainability of these management schemes will depend on the costs of management, as well as the responses of mahoe to selective harvesting.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43457705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Crown-Stem Diameters Relationship for the Management of Tectona grandis Linn f. Plantation in Omo Forest Reserve, Western Nigeria","authors":"F. N. Ogana","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1865","url":null,"abstract":"Crown-stem diameter relationship is important for sustainable forest management. Effective forest management requires routine inventory data of tree crops for decision making. Therefore, in this study, crown-stem diameter relationship was modelled for the management of Tectonia grandis L. f. plantation in Nigeria. The dataset consists of 1919 trees measured from 35 sample plots. Three methods including ordinary least square (OLS), quantile regression (QR) and linear mixed model (LMM) were used to model the relationship between crown diameter (CD) and diameter at breast height (DBH). The model was used to estimate the limiting density, growing space and projection area. The result shows that the model from LMM was more suitable than OLS and QR. It explained 0.622 of the variation in CD with root mean squared error of 0.736. The study also shows e.g., that T. grandis trees of 25 cm DBH would occupy an equivalent area 36.32 m 2 and to avoid inter-tree competition the stand density should not exceed 275 Nha -1 . And if the plantation is to be thinned and clear-felled when mean DBH is 50 cm, density remaining after thinning would be 115 Nha -1 with average growing space of 9.3 m. This information would help in the management of the plantation.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46642711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canopy gaps characteristics of pure and mixed stands in the Hyrcanian forests of north Iran.","authors":"S. Khodaverdi, M. Amiri, D. Kartoolinejad, J. Mohammadi","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1882","url":null,"abstract":"Canopy gaps play an important role in forest ecology helping to preserve biodiversity, influence nutrient cycles, maintain the complex stand structure, and also they substantially contribute to regeneration of forests. To survey the characteristics of canopy gaps in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran, three main old-growth and intact stands were studied. For each canopy gap, two parameters were measured: the length (L) as the longest distance within the gap and the width (W) as the largest distance perpendicular to the length. The gap maker (DBH≥20 cm) was considered to be a tree from the upper tree layer whose death caused an opening in the canopy. A total of 89 canopy gaps were studied in three old-growth stands (48 gaps in hornbeam-ironwood, 21 in hornbeam, and 19 in beech-hornbeam stands). The given canopy gaps cover 5.4% of the land area with an average of eight gaps per hectare. The mean size of the canopy gaps were 291, 353 and 565m 2 for hornbeam-ironwood, hornbeam, and beech-hornbeam stands, respectively. Frequency distribution of the gap sizes the mentioned three forest stands showed a lognormal distribution. The number of gap makers ranged from one to eight with a median of 4.5. Amongst the studied 261 gap makers in all canopy gaps, 61.2% belonged to hornbeam-ironwood stand. Also, there were canopy gaps formed by one to four gap makers within the three forest types, while gaps formed by five, six and eight gap makers were only observed within hornbeam stand. The results showed that the characteristics of the canopy gaps were different in terms of the composition, complexly of structure, environmental characteristics, size, number and species of gap makers in different forests. As a whole, hornbeam-ironwood stands present in lower altitudes, are more susceptible to wind-throw and create smaller gaps but more gap makers.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43690735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-frequency seasonal variation of leaf fluorescence and reflectance in Mediterranean forest species under natural environmental conditions","authors":"S. Raddi, F. Magnani","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1851","url":null,"abstract":"The strategies of two evergreen Mediterranean tree species ( Arbutus unedo L. and Quercus ilex L.) to face annual temperature variability and extreme event responses has been monitored in continuum by leaf fluorescence and reflectance. The effect of chilling spells and the accumulation of cold days with chilling and freezing temperatures on winter photo-inhibition was discussed in terms of modulation capacity for fluorescence parameters to daily temperature and irradiance conditions. Throughout the winter Q. ilex resulted less photoinhibited than A. unedo , showing a more dynamic response in all fluorescence parameters and a higher non-photochemical quenching capacity. These characteristics effectively act to maintain a higher electron transport capacity in Q. ilex than in A. unedo .","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43778905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-temporal dataset of forest mensuration of reforestations: a case study in peri-urban Rome, Italy","authors":"M. Grotti, W. Mattioli, B. Ferrari, A. Tomao, P. Merlini, P. Corona","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1854","url":null,"abstract":"The dataset supplied in this article provides data from continuous forest inventory carried out in the Castel di Guido estate, located in the Italian Tyrrhenian coast. The reforestation project started over 30 years ago using native and non-native species: 29 forested plot areas have been surveyed in 1997, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2011, 2013 and 2017 where information about species and stem diameters have been collected for a total of 2’215 tree stems. The dataset also contains height-diameter curves modelled for 1997, 2006 and 2017 years to let the user to estimate growing stock and total biomass easily. These data can be exploited to assess net primary productivity, pollutant uptake, and as comparisons with other European artificial reforestations programs with similar species. The database is finalized to narrow the knowledge gap on long-term growth pattern of urban and peri-urban reforestations, providing comparative data on different species performances, grown in pure and mixed stands. Dataset and metadata here presented are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2633972 .","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47476307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New tree monitoring systems: from Industry 4.0 to Nature 4.0","authors":"R. Valentini, L. Marchesini, D. Gianelle, G. Sala, Alexey Yarovslavtsev, V. Vasenev, S. Castaldi","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1847","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have grown rapidly and represent now a unique opportunity to improve our environmental monitoring capabilities at extremely low costs. IoT is a new system of thinking in which objects, animals or people are equipped with unique identifiers and transfer data a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. IoT has evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and the Internet. The development of these technologies in environmental monitoring domains allows real-time data transmission and numerous low-cost monitoring points. We have designed a new device, the TreeTalker©, which is capable of measuring water transport in trees, diametrical growth, spectral characteristics of the leaves and microclimatic parameters and transmit data in semi-real time. Here we introduce the device’s features, provide an example of monitored data from a field test site and discuss the application of this new technology to tree monitoring in various contexts, from forest to urban green infrastructures management and ecological research.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47248855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global change and silvicultural research","authors":"P. Corona","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1827","url":null,"abstract":"http://dx.doi.org/10.12899/asr-1827 1 CREA Research Centre for Forestry and Wood 1. The rapidity of the global change and the complexity of the phenomena involved make any forecast of future environmental conditions rather uncertain: the only thing we can be sure of is that the future will be different from the present and that most ecosystems will be living in conditions never experienced before. The awareness of an uncertain but certainly different future motivates the search for innovative solutions for a sustainable management of forest systems. Distinctively, accepting that the future will be different from both the past and the present makes it necessary to develop flexible management strategies to promote the proper adaptation. Therefore, it is expedient to fully recover the experimental character of silviculture. From a scientific point of view, one of the most important premises under this perspective has been to consider the forest as a complex biological system (Ciancio 1996). From this approach, some guiding principles for forest management in times of global change have been derived worldwide (references in: Messier et al. 2013, Nocentini et al. 2017), among which: promoting the structural and compositional diversity of forest stands by adapting silvicultural treatment to the variety of structural and microsite conditions of the forest; exploiting the self-organizing potential of forest stands to increase their resistance and resilience; adopting flexible planning approaches; involving the stakeholders in decision-making processes, on the various operational scales.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48635330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biotic adversities of poplar in Italy: a reasoned analysis of factors determining the current state and future perspectives","authors":"M. Gennaro, A. Giorcelli","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1817","url":null,"abstract":"Poplar cultivation in Italy since its early stages has been conditioned and orientated by biotic and abiotic adversities. Spontaneous hybrids between European black poplar ( Populus nigra L.) and Eastern cottonwood ( Populous deltoides W. Bartram (Marshall)) were empirically introduced into cultivation for their suitable characters of branchiness, rooting and tolerance to root rots; nevertheless, the first true scientific programme of genetic improvement began after leaf and shoot blight epidemics from Venturia populina during the second and third decades  of the twentieth century. The resulting selection of resistant ‘I-214’ clone fostered poplar cultivation in Italy, but at the same time «crystallised» it in a condition of delay with respect to other European countries. With the arrival of leaf spot disease from Marssonina brunnea in the Sixties, phytoiatric treatments were introduced rather than diversifying with more resistant genotypes. Similarly, the increased virulence of leaf rusts from Melampsora spp. starting from about twenty years later, did not succeed in undermining the near monopolisation of ‘I-214’. At present, Marssonina leaf spot and leaf rusts are the most incident diseases: fungicide treatments are carried out mainly on the plantation against the former and mainly in the nursery against the latter. The woolly aphid ( Phloeomyzus passerinii ) is the most constant and incident pest in plantations. Besides, persisting problems are associated with new pests mainly of exotic origin, especially with the brown marmorated stink bug ( Halyomorpha halys ). Experiences in other important European poplar cultivation systems highlight the suitability of genetic control, together with a diversification of planted material and efficient agronomic practices. It is advisable to undertake research programmes for vertical and horizontal or quantitative (QTL) resistances, recurring to molecular markers, associated with studies on epigenetics and on microbial communities of various tissues through the new approach offered by metagenomics. The complexity of poplar agrosystems should be increased promoting a homeostatic control of pathogens and pests through antibiotic or competitive features triggered by other microbiota components.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42441926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}