Social Sciences最新文献_第5页

Do Segmented Assimilation Theory and Racialized Place Inequality Framework Help Explain Differences in Deaths Due to COVID-19 Observed among Hispanic Subgroups in New York City? 分段同化理论和种族化地方不平等框架是否有助于解释在纽约市西班牙裔亚群体中观察到的 COVID-19 导致的死亡差异？

IF 1.7

Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010019

Alfredo Cuecuecha

{"title":"Do Segmented Assimilation Theory and Racialized Place Inequality Framework Help Explain Differences in Deaths Due to COVID-19 Observed among Hispanic Subgroups in New York City?","authors":"Alfredo Cuecuecha","doi":"10.3390/socsci13010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010019","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the differences in the correlation between deaths and the Hispanic share for different Hispanic subgroups in New York City. Such differences are predicted by Segmented Assimilation Theory as different assimilation paths. The study is carried out at the level of PUMAs, and it is argued that such geographic locations are macro-level factors that determine health outcomes, as the theory of Racialized Place Inequality Framework claims. The study presents a spatially correlated model that allows to decompose the spatial effects into direct and indirect effects. Direct effects are linked to the macro structure where the individual lives, while indirect effects refer to effects in the adjacent macro structures where the individual lives. The results show that both types of effects are significant. The importance of the direct effects is predicted by RPIF, while the importance of the indirect effects is a new result that shows the complexity of the effects of macro structures. The article also shows results for subsamples that allow to test the importance of different factors that have been linked to the excess deaths observed among Hispanics. The effects of such factors are also found to be heterogenous among the different Hispanic subgroups, which also provides evidence in favor of the Segmented Assimilation Theory. Access to health insurance and doctor density are found to be the most important elements that serve as protective factors for all Hispanic subgroups in New York City, signaling its importance in achieving assimilation for Hispanic immigrants to New York City.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stigma and Mental Well-Being among Teenage Mothers in the Rural Areas of Makhado, Limpopo Province 林波波省马卡多农村地区未成年母亲的耻辱感与心理健康

IF 1.7

Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010018

Shonisane Emily Moganedi, T. Mudau

{"title":"Stigma and Mental Well-Being among Teenage Mothers in the Rural Areas of Makhado, Limpopo Province","authors":"Shonisane Emily Moganedi, T. Mudau","doi":"10.3390/socsci13010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010018","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent mothers experience psychological challenges, such as social withdrawal and rejection by their communities. Assuming the role of motherhood is associated with emotional and mental distress, such as fear and worry, regret and frustration, guilt and shame, and social isolation. This study adopted a qualitative critical participatory action research approach. Purposive and snowballing recruitment were employed to recruit 11 teenage mothers, and semi-structured face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions were employed to generate data. All sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis. Teenage mothers in this study reported experiencing humiliation and being subjected to degrading remarks and judgement by schoolmates. The experience of being rejected, teased, and labelled made participants feel that they were not accepted as part of their community. It was concluded that teenage mothers experienced inconsistent support from parents and community members, which led to social isolation and feeling rejected; hence, teenage mothers lacked a sense of belonging to and acceptance by their communities. Policymakers and authorities in education and healthcare should encourage social change and transformative learning and address the issue of stigma and social isolation experienced by teenage mothers in rural communities.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“It’s like We’re Still in Slavery”: Stress as Distress and Discourse among Jamaican Farm Workers in Ontario, Canada "我们好像还在做奴隶"：加拿大安大略省牙买加农场工人的压力--苦恼和话语

IF 1.7

Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010016

Stephanie Mayell

{"title":"“It’s like We’re Still in Slavery”: Stress as Distress and Discourse among Jamaican Farm Workers in Ontario, Canada","authors":"Stephanie Mayell","doi":"10.3390/socsci13010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010016","url":null,"abstract":"For more than fifty years, Jamaican farm workers have been seasonally employed in Canada under the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). In Canada, these workers live and work in conditions that make them vulnerable to various health issues, including poor mental health. This ethnographic study investigated Jamaican SAWP workers’ mental health experiences in Southern Ontario. Several common factors that engender psychological distress among Jamaican workers, ranging from mild to extreme suffering, were uncovered and organised into five themes: (1) family, (2) work environments and SAWP relations, (3) living conditions and isolation, (4) racism and social exclusion, and (5) illness and injury. I found that Jamaican workers predominantly use the term ‘stress’ to articulate distress, and they associate experiences of suffering with historic plantation slavery. Analysis of workers’ stress discourses revealed their experiences of psychological distress are structured by the conditions of the SAWP and their social marginalisation in Ontario. This article presents and discusses these findings in the context of SAWP power dynamics and concludes with policy recommendations aimed at improving the mental health of all SAWP workers. In foregrounding the experiences of Jamaican workers, this study addresses the dearth of research on the health and wellbeing of Caribbean SAWP workers.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mentoring and Monitoring of Student Teachers in Their In-School Placements—The Case of the University of Santiago de Compostela 指导和监督学生教师的校内实习--圣地亚哥-德孔波斯特拉大学的案例

IF 1.7

Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010017

Carmen Fernández-Morante, Martín Manuel Leránoz-Iglesias, Beatriz Cebreiro-López, Cristina Abeal-Pereira

{"title":"Mentoring and Monitoring of Student Teachers in Their In-School Placements—The Case of the University of Santiago de Compostela","authors":"Carmen Fernández-Morante, Martín Manuel Leránoz-Iglesias, Beatriz Cebreiro-López, Cristina Abeal-Pereira","doi":"10.3390/socsci13010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010017","url":null,"abstract":"(1) The in-school placement is a key scenario in linking theory and practice in the processes of initial teacher education (ITE) and constitutes a crucial element in the understanding of professional competencies and the experimentation of educational innovation proposals. For this reason, the pedagogical model that guides teaching practices and the set of learning activities that university and school mentors develop is especially relevant. This paper aims to analyze the current individualized monitoring processes of student teachers, as well as to detect difficulties and needs for improvement. (2) The center of interest corresponds to the internship mentors of the ITE degrees of the Faculty of Education Sciences at the University of Santiago de Compostela. This research was carried out through a descriptive study with a survey method and a study sample of 202 mentors. (3) Results show that there are discrepancies in the activities that university and school mentors implement with students, as well as in the observation and supervision processes. (4) We propose a learning reflective methodology based on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model to coordinate agents involved in the internship, connecting them through a specialized eLearning environment equipped with specific tools to facilitate the processes of individualized monitoring, reflective learning, and self-regulation.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Longitudinal Investigation of a Partial SMEC in a Sample of University Students 部分 SMEC 在大学生样本中的纵向研究

IF 1.7

Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010015

M. S. Poškus

{"title":"A Longitudinal Investigation of a Partial SMEC in a Sample of University Students","authors":"M. S. Poškus","doi":"10.3390/socsci13010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010015","url":null,"abstract":"A part of the Simple Model of Environmental Citizenship (SMEC) was explored in a two-wave longitudinal study in a non-intervention setting with approximately one month between measurements. The variables of environmental citizenship, environmental literacy, concrete environmental knowledge, and environmental (self-)education were chosen as potentially the most malleable parts of the SMEC which could naturally change over time in an educational setting. A total of 171 university students participated in the first measurement wave of the study, and 93 participants were retained in the second wave. The mean age of participants was 23 years of age (SD = 4), and 76.6% of participants were women, 21.6% were men, and 1.8% chose not to answer. Results uncovered that, in one month’s time, participants’ concrete environmental knowledge as well as environmental literacy significantly increased, while environmental (self-)education and environmental citizenship had positive yet insignificant effects. Path analysis revealed that measurements at the second measurement wave did not add any new variance that could not be explained through first wave measurements, highlighting that the development of the investigated variables requires more time.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Political Beliefs as a Moderator for Predicting Environmental Citizenship through Environmental Education and Environmental Literacy 政治信仰是通过环境教育和环境扫盲预测环境公民意识的调节因素

IF 1.7

Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010013

M. S. Poškus

{"title":"Political Beliefs as a Moderator for Predicting Environmental Citizenship through Environmental Education and Environmental Literacy","authors":"M. S. Poškus","doi":"10.3390/socsci13010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010013","url":null,"abstract":"Promoting environmental citizenship can be a strong positive force toward addressing our current environmental issues. Informed individuals that act in pro-environmental ways both publicly and privately, as well as engage in civic action aimed at addressing environmental issues, are a substantial force for positive change. However, there is a well-known political divide between the political left and political right, where left-leaning individuals tend to engage more in environmental action that right-leaning individuals. The present study explores whether environmental education and environmental literacy might hold the key for right-wing participation in environmental citizenship. A representative sample of 700 Lithuanian emerging adults (20–39 years of age, mean age 30.6 years, 50% female) was used in the present study. Participants filled in measures of their political orientation, environmental citizenship, environmental literacy, and environmental (self-)education. The results showed that, as expected, left-leaning views were positively associated with environmental citizenship, but when interactions between political orientation and environmental literacy as well as environmental (self-)education were introduced, right-leaning views tended to increase the association between environmental citizenship and environmental literacy as well as environmental (self-)education. The results show a promising outlook toward using quality education to promote environmental citizenship among right-leaning individuals.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“What I Want versus What I Will Agree to”—An Analysis of the Views of Ukrainian Refugees toward Work "我想要的与我同意的"--乌克兰难民对工作的看法分析

IF 1.7

Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010014

Paweł Walawender, Damian Liszka, Elżbieta Szczygieł

{"title":"“What I Want versus What I Will Agree to”—An Analysis of the Views of Ukrainian Refugees toward Work","authors":"Paweł Walawender, Damian Liszka, Elżbieta Szczygieł","doi":"10.3390/socsci13010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010014","url":null,"abstract":"Russia’s armed attack on Ukraine on 24 February 2022 started one of the worst refugee crises of the 21st century. It caused involuntary migrations of Ukrainians to other countries, mainly to Europe, and caused the refugees to face the challenge of integrating with the host countries’ labor markets. The aim of this study was to analyze the views of the Ukrainian refugees who migrated to two European countries: Poland and Hungary. We took into account self-esteem, social support, good job expectations, and submissiveness in the labor market. The data were obtained via a survey method using the modified CAPI (Computer-Assisted Personal Interview) technique between 21 November and 20 December 2022 from 807 adult Ukrainian refugees. Results show that disability fosters lower self-esteem, self-assessment of resources, and job demands. Among those who have children, the mean value of self-esteem was higher than in the group without any children. No statistically significant differences were found in the area of professional work. According to the estimation of structural model results, expectations of a good job have a significant, negative effect on the tendency toward submissiveness. The assessment of personal resources and the level of self-esteem have a significant and positive effect on the expectations of a good job. Both a higher level of personal resources and a higher level of self-esteem resulted in higher good job expectations. The assessment of personal resources also has a positive effect on the level of self-esteem. We also found a direct relationship between personal resources, self-esteem, and the tendency toward submissiveness.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing and Testing New Domestic Abuse Questions and Approach for the Crime Survey for England and Wales 为英格兰和威尔士犯罪调查开发和测试新的家庭虐待问题和方法

IF 1.7

Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010010

Marianne Hester, S. Walker, Eldin Fahmy, Andy Myhill

{"title":"Developing and Testing New Domestic Abuse Questions and Approach for the Crime Survey for England and Wales","authors":"Marianne Hester, S. Walker, Eldin Fahmy, Andy Myhill","doi":"10.3390/socsci13010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010010","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research highlighted that a fundamental rethink of the measurement of domestic abuse was needed in the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW). The research reported here aimed to develop and test new questions on domestic abuse for the CSEW to improve the headline prevalence measure, including frequency of abuse, to develop a way of measuring controlling or coercive behavior within the overall prevalence measure, and to develop a measure of the impact of abuse. The research included focus groups and interviews with victims (n = 27) to assess a set of draft questions and cognitive testing of revised questions with victims and the general public (n = 42). A final set of 24 questions was developed for use with victims of both intimate partner and family abuse, with an additional question for family abuse. The new questions were found to echo victim experiences and were deemed acceptable and reliable measures by victims and the general public for domestic abuse, including controlling and/or coercive behavior and impact. An analytical approach was recommended to improve the headline prevalence measure of domestic abuse by establishing ‘high’ and ‘low’ abuse profiles using measures of both behavior and impact.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"4 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Right-Wing Leftists, Left-Wing Rightists, and Traditionalist Liberals: Core Political Values and Ideological Inconsistency at the Party-Elite Level in Bulgaria 右翼左派、左翼右派和传统自由主义者：保加利亚政党-精英层面的核心政治价值观和意识形态不一致性

IF 1.7

Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010012

Martin Konstantinov

{"title":"Right-Wing Leftists, Left-Wing Rightists, and Traditionalist Liberals: Core Political Values and Ideological Inconsistency at the Party-Elite Level in Bulgaria","authors":"Martin Konstantinov","doi":"10.3390/socsci13010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010012","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of heterodox ideological configurations, or ideological inconsistencies, among the electorate of Western countries, has been offered as one explanation for recent momentous political events, such as Brexit or the election of Donald Trump as US President. Previous research, however, suggests that ideological inconsistency has been typical for Central and Eastern European (CEE) states for the past thirty years after the fall of the Socialist regimes there. Based on a survey of 102 active members of local and national party structures in Bulgaria, followed by in-depth interviews with the same respondents, I develop a conceptual and methodological approach aimed at objectively measuring Bulgarians’ political values and ideological orientations. Building on previous research on the statistical independence of the social and economic dimensions of ideology, this study identifies three main models of ideological inconsistency at the party-elite level in Bulgaria, offering evidence of the “homogeneity in ideological inconsistency” in this post-Socialist country, with party elites and electorate following the same patterns of inconsistency. The existence of a conservative value complex, integrating traditionalist, statist, and nationalist attitudes regarding the social sphere, is another major finding of the study. I discuss the specific historical and socio-cultural background contributing to ideological inconsistency in Bulgaria and potential implications for the wider CEE region.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"24 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Socio-Demographic Differences in Positive Youth Development in Spanish Undergraduates 西班牙大学生在青少年积极发展方面的社会人口差异

IF 1.7

Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010011

D. Gómez-Baya, Maria Muñoz-Parralo, Antonio David Martin-Barrado, Elizabeth Trejos-Castillo, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, N. Wiium

{"title":"Socio-Demographic Differences in Positive Youth Development in Spanish Undergraduates","authors":"D. Gómez-Baya, Maria Muñoz-Parralo, Antonio David Martin-Barrado, Elizabeth Trejos-Castillo, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, N. Wiium","doi":"10.3390/socsci13010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010011","url":null,"abstract":"The positive youth development (PYD) model is a strength-based conceptualization of the transition to adulthood, in which the relationships that individuals establish within this context are essential. These adaptive contextual–individual interactions allow youths to acquire better psychological adjustment and greater social participation. The PYD model differentiates five areas to be nurtured (the 5Cs) in young people: confidence, competence, connection, caring, and character. The present work aimed to examine differences in overall PYD and its respective 5Cs among Spanish university students based on their socio-demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional study with 1038 students between 18 and 28 years old from 11 Spanish universities was conducted. In order to assess the 5Cs, the Spanish adaptation of the 5Cs of the PYD Short Form was used. When analyzing the variability of the 5Cs according to socio-demographic variables, some relevant differences were found, though with small effect sizes. Students with better scores on the 5Cs included those who were living in the countryside or big cities, studied Social Sciences, were enrolled in small universities, had parents with a high education level, and those who reported high socio-economic status. Women presented higher scores in terms of connection, caring, and character, whereas men reported more perceived competence and confidence, which may be due to gender socialization during adolescence and youth. Families with parents with a higher level of education and of a higher socio-economic level may offer more resources and support greater positive youth development. These social inequalities in PYD may suggest the need for the promotion of equal opportunities in education, health promotion, and social participation, which may allow young people from all backgrounds to develop their individual potential.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"251 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0