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Safe SAR levels in inductively powered brain implanted visual prostheses 感应供电脑植入视觉假体的安全SAR水平
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396784
A. Al-Kalbani, M. Yuce, Jean-Michel Redouté
{"title":"Safe SAR levels in inductively powered brain implanted visual prostheses","authors":"A. Al-Kalbani, M. Yuce, Jean-Michel Redouté","doi":"10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396784","url":null,"abstract":"This paper derives the health risks of an inductively powered brain implanted visual prosthesis with a CAD based head model. A high efficiency self-oscillating class E transmitter circuit operating at 5 MHz has been designed to wirelessly power the implant. The electromagnetic field inside the head model has been computed using Finite Integration Technique method. Simulations illustrate that a maximum localized SAR level averaged over 10 g attains 1.91 W/kg when the power transmission is equal to 1 W, which is just below the safe level specified at 2 W/kg. Using the same power transmitter, the temperature in the brain with and without considering bio-heat factors, such as blood flow and basal metabolic rate, increases respectively with 0.918 °C and 0.293 °C above the applied body temperature of 37 °C.","PeriodicalId":377100,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127009067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Design of IEC 62132-4 compliant DPI test Boards that work up to 2 GHz 设计符合IEC 62132-4的DPI测试板，工作频率高达2 GHz
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396661
H. Pues, D. Pissoort
{"title":"Design of IEC 62132-4 compliant DPI test Boards that work up to 2 GHz","authors":"H. Pues, D. Pissoort","doi":"10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396661","url":null,"abstract":"DPI (Direct Power Injection) testing according to IEC 62132-4 has been widely adopted as an effective test method for IC-level pin-selective RF immunity testing. To enable DPI testing of an IC, a dedicated test board needs to be designed that basically makes up the whole EMC test set-up. Boards that are designed in accordance with IEC 62132-4, should work well up to 1 GHz. However, various anomalies can occur if no proper care is taken of all possible RF phenomena. This paper explains our design approach to effectively deal with these issues and at the same time even extend the useful frequency range up to 2 GHz. Specific guidelines to achieve this objective are given.","PeriodicalId":377100,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130567336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
EMF dose in patients and medical staff during hyperthermia treatment of cancer 癌症热疗期间患者和医务人员的电磁场剂量
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396793
J. Bakker, R. Canters, E. Neufeld, M. Paulides, G. V. van Rhoon
{"title":"EMF dose in patients and medical staff during hyperthermia treatment of cancer","authors":"J. Bakker, R. Canters, E. Neufeld, M. Paulides, G. V. van Rhoon","doi":"10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396793","url":null,"abstract":"At the Erasmus Medical Center, we apply hyperthermia treatments (HT) of cancer in the pelvic area using an electromagnetic applicator installed in a Faraday shielded treatment room. Consequently, medical staff and accompanying persons are exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) during treatment. In the past, procedures were defined based on measurements defining compliant areas where the fields are expected to be below the exposure guidelines. Today, advanced electromagnetic models enable more precise dose assessment in the human anatomy and better evaluation of the procedures. The objective of this study was to investigate theoretically if the exposure of medical staff and accompanying persons is compliant to the guidelines when adhering to the procedures. Therefore, the whole-body averaged (SARwb) and spatial-averaged (SAR10g) specific absorption rate was assessed numerically in whole-body models of the patient, medical staff and an accompanying person. We found that predicted fields can exceed the exposure guidelines ten fold. However, the basic restrictions on SARwb and SAR10g are not exceeded for workers, but SARwb can exceed the guideline by a factor of two for accompanying persons that are in close vicinity of the applicator. In conclusion, adhering to the procedures defined in the early nineties is effective in keeping the exposure in medical staff and accompanying persons compliant to the exposure guidelines.","PeriodicalId":377100,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE","volume":"99 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123500309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Method for monitoring the electromagnetic impacts due to high voltage overheads lines in Aosta Valley 奥斯塔山谷高压架空线路电磁影响监测方法
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396895
C. Desandre, M. Mathiou, V. Bottura, M. C. Borlino, L. Cerise, E. Imperial
{"title":"Method for monitoring the electromagnetic impacts due to high voltage overheads lines in Aosta Valley","authors":"C. Desandre, M. Mathiou, V. Bottura, M. C. Borlino, L. Cerise, E. Imperial","doi":"10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396895","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to show the methodology used by the Environment Protection Agency (ARPA) of the Aosta Valley for evaluating the electromagnetic impact due to high voltage overhead lines which cross the region, with regards to public exposure. Simulation and inspections have been used to identify the buildings which can be characterized by electromagnetic pollution, due to their proximity to the lines. After the measurements it is definitely possible verify if limits are exceeded, evaluate the exposure level of population living near the lines and identify actions to reduce it. So far, two important branches were examined with the purpose to extend the controls to all lines in Aosta Valley.","PeriodicalId":377100,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116321901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reduction technique for spread spectrum clock interference with wireless system 无线系统扩频时钟干扰降低技术
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396790
A. Ohmae, Wen Li, T. Suga, H. Osaka, M. Toyama, A. Nakamura
{"title":"Reduction technique for spread spectrum clock interference with wireless system","authors":"A. Ohmae, Wen Li, T. Suga, H. Osaka, M. Toyama, A. Nakamura","doi":"10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396790","url":null,"abstract":"The spread spectrum clock (SSC) is known to have the ability to reduce the quasi-peak level of clock harmonics noise. However, SSC may also have an adverse effect on wireless systems. In the present paper, a SSC with optimized parameters is developed that has a beneficial effect on one-segment broadcasting, which is based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and is used for mobile TV in some countries. The modulation frequency and the modulation deviation of SSC are controlled to move the clock harmonics noise power outside the one-segment signal band. The simulation results reveal that the bit error rate with SSC can be decreased to less than one-tenth of that without SSC.","PeriodicalId":377100,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121615441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Electromagnetic disturbance evaluation using pulse duration distribution 基于脉冲持续时间分布的电磁干扰评估
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396924
K. Gotoh, T. Shinozuka, S. Ishigami, Y. Matsumoto
{"title":"Electromagnetic disturbance evaluation using pulse duration distribution","authors":"K. Gotoh, T. Shinozuka, S. Ishigami, Y. Matsumoto","doi":"10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396924","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of degradation in transmission quality of radio communications by using pulse duration distribution (PDD) of electromagnetic (EM) disturbance is discussed in this paper. An existing estimation method using amplitude probability distribution (APD) also gives an relation with bit error rate (BER) at decoder input, however, it is difficult to apply the relation to BER at decoder output, because the relation does not include any information about a time duration of EM disturbance though an error correcting capability depends on continuity error. On the other hand, the use of PDD makes it possible to include properties of time sequence of EM disturbance in BER estimation. The comparison between simulated BER with convolutional coding and Viterbi decoding under pulse burst disturbance and estimated BER from PDD and APD of the disturbance are presented.","PeriodicalId":377100,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125949408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Measurement and analysis of SSN and Jitter of FPGA FPGA的SSN和抖动测量与分析
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396872
H. Fujita, Y. Iijima, T. Sudo
{"title":"Measurement and analysis of SSN and Jitter of FPGA","authors":"H. Fujita, Y. Iijima, T. Sudo","doi":"10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396872","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitic inductance that exists in a package induces SSN (Simultaneous Switching Noise) and timing jitter. These noises cause malfunction of LSI and systems. The goal of this paper is to clarify the influence of the effective inductance of the package including mutual inductance by changing the number of simultaneously switching buffers and alternating adjacent buffers in the reverse direction each other. In this study, measured SSNs were reproduced by HSPICE simulation. The whole simulation model consisted of on-chip PDN (Power Distribution Network), package PDN and board PDN, along with I/O buffer model. The simulated SSN waveforms agreed well with the measured results.","PeriodicalId":377100,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131991989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Issues of ICNIRP guidelines when determining compliance with LF exposure limits ICNIRP准则在确定LF暴露限值合规性时的问题
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396800
V. De Santis, M. Douglas, N. Kuster, X. L. Chen
{"title":"Issues of ICNIRP guidelines when determining compliance with LF exposure limits","authors":"V. De Santis, M. Douglas, N. Kuster, X. L. Chen","doi":"10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396800","url":null,"abstract":"Safety guidelines for limiting exposure to low-frequency (LF) electric and magnetic fields have been issued by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) in 1998, first, and 2010, later. During this transition, the basic restriction moved from induced current density (ICNIRP 1998) to in-situ electric field (ICNIRP 2010). Moreover, the 99th percentile value of the electric field has been introduced in the latter guidelines to avoid staircasing errors associated with sharp corners of the cubical voxels. However, lack of clarity has been reported by several authors when determining compliance with these exposure limits leading to poor reproducibility. The selection of the 99th percentile value does not resolve the intended purpose of eliminating numerical errors and can ignore genuine peaks in the induced electric field. Solutions to these problems are proposed.","PeriodicalId":377100,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132113604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Array of rectilinear solenoids for rail current measurement 用于轨道电流测量的直线螺线管阵列
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396806
L. Di Rienzo, D. Li, S. Pignari, E. Fedeli
{"title":"Array of rectilinear solenoids for rail current measurement","authors":"L. Di Rienzo, D. Li, S. Pignari, E. Fedeli","doi":"10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396806","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an array of rectilinear solenoids connected in series and “embracing” the rail is proposed as a sensor for monitoring the spectral characteristics of noise currents flowing in each rail of a railway line, in the bandwidth covering track circuit functioning and conducted electromagnetic emission. Results here reported are the outcome of a preliminary numerical study (based on the boundary element method) and show feasibility of the proposed idea. Particularly, a formulation based on the magnetic vector potential and the boundary element method reveals to be fast and accurate in solving the electromagnetic problem, and results in a two dimensional formulation. Sensor sensitivity appears to be high enough for the specific application of interest. The outcomes of the proposed analysis have been assessed versus numerical computations based on a commercial finite element software.","PeriodicalId":377100,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE","volume":"30 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131539683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Dosimetric studies involving in the experiments for the evaluation of the brain activation by LTE exposure 剂量学研究涉及的实验，以评估大脑激活的LTE暴露
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396795
Tongning Wu, B. Lv, Zhiye Chen
{"title":"Dosimetric studies involving in the experiments for the evaluation of the brain activation by LTE exposure","authors":"Tongning Wu, B. Lv, Zhiye Chen","doi":"10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCEUROPE.2012.6396795","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presented the dosimetric studies in the research for evaluating the relationship between the LTE exposure and the brain regional activation. Measurement was made for the net power delivered to the dipoles for each exposed volunteer. During the exposure experiment, the exposed power was strictly controlled to achieve a constant exposure dose for each person. The numerical head model of each volunteer was reconstructed basing on the MRI images. FDTD simulation was performed to calculate the realistic power distribution in different head regions for all the exposed volunteers. Effects with the existence of the EEG electrode and leads on the head during the exposure were taken into considered in term of local SAR and regional induced current to prevent abnormal results. The dosimetric results were therefore applied for LTE EMF exposure related brain activation research.","PeriodicalId":377100,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133045360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
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