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Evil, Death, and Some African Conceptions of God 邪恶、死亡和非洲人对上帝的一些看法
Filosofia Theoretica Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v11i4.4s
H. Majeed
{"title":"Evil, Death, and Some African Conceptions of God","authors":"H. Majeed","doi":"10.4314/ft.v11i4.4s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ft.v11i4.4s","url":null,"abstract":"The age-old philosophical problem of evil, especially prominent in Western philosophy, as resulting from the intellectual irreconcilability of some  appellations of God with the presence of evil – indeed, of myriads of evil – in the world, has been debated upon by many African religious scholars;  particularly, philosophers. These include John Mbiti, Kwasi Wiredu, Kwame Gyekye, E. B. Idowu and E.O. Oduwole. While the debate has often been about  the existence or not of the problem of evil in African theology, not much philosophical discussion has taken place regarding death and its implications for  African conception(s) of God. This paper attempts to contribute to the discussion of those implications. It explores the evilness of death, as exemplified in  the African notion of “evil death,” and argues that the phenomenon of death presents itself in complex but interesting ways that do not philosophically  ground its characterization as evil. Therefore, the problem of evil would not arise in African thought on account of the phenomenon of death. ","PeriodicalId":37706,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Theoretica","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88175426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rethinking God’s Omnibenevolence and Omnipotence in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An African Perspective 从2019冠状病毒病大流行的角度重新思考上帝的全能和全能:一个非洲的视角
Filosofia Theoretica Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v11i4.3s
J. Gwara, L. Ogbonnaya
{"title":"Rethinking God’s Omnibenevolence and Omnipotence in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An African Perspective","authors":"J. Gwara, L. Ogbonnaya","doi":"10.4314/ft.v11i4.3s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ft.v11i4.3s","url":null,"abstract":"The reality and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic question God’s omnibenevolence and omnipotence. Two questions that stare us in the face are a) is  God omnibenevolent given the current reality? b) is God omnipotent? This paper addresses these questions from the African place using the African  theory of duality and its underlying logic, Ezumezu. We argue that the reality of the COVID-19 pandemic and its adverse effects (such as death, hardship  and social isolation) do not negate God’s benevolence and powerfulness. We assert that while the current reality cannot sustain a defence of the  traditional theistic qualities of omnipotence and omnibenevolence, the notions of a powerful and benevolent God are not necessarily undermined by the  reality of Covid-19. In the light of the African theory of duality and Ezumezu logic, we contend that the COVID-19 pandemic brings out the argument that  inherent in God’s benevolence is wickedness and inherent in God’s powerfulness is weakness.  ","PeriodicalId":37706,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Theoretica","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78677268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring Recent Themes in African Spiritual Philosophy 探索非洲精神哲学的最新主题
Filosofia Theoretica Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v11i4.8s
Diana-Abasi Ibanga
{"title":"Exploring Recent Themes in African Spiritual Philosophy","authors":"Diana-Abasi Ibanga","doi":"10.4314/ft.v11i4.8s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ft.v11i4.8s","url":null,"abstract":"There are theoretical and thematic shifts in African spiritual philosophy literature on the meaning of spirituality. On the one hand, traditional conceptions  of spirituality are based on the dimensions of transcendence and supernaturalism. Common themes include ritualism, totemism, incantation,  ancestorism, reincarnation, destiny, metempsychosis, witchcraft, death, soul, deities, etc. On the other hand, the evolving trend appeals to naturality and  immanence. Common themes include sacrality, piety, respectability, relatability, existential gratitude, sacred feminine, etc. This work explores these  recent and developing themes. It aims to show that the understanding of spirituality in African modernity is increasingly linked to psychological traits  expressed in attitude and behaviour as against traditional understanding that focused on cultural/ religious practices such as ritualism, ancestorism, and  deities. The analysis reveals that recent studies link the experience of spirituality with wholeness and interdependence, and a recognition of one’s place in  the connective web of other existents in nature  ","PeriodicalId":37706,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Theoretica","volume":"144 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81002090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Human Being, God, and Moral Evil 人类、上帝与道德之恶
Filosofia Theoretica Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v11i4.2s
A. Agadá
{"title":"The Human Being, God, and Moral Evil","authors":"A. Agadá","doi":"10.4314/ft.v11i4.2s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ft.v11i4.2s","url":null,"abstract":"The evidence of human wickedness in the world is so transparent that no rational person can dispute its reality. This paper approaches the question of  the human person from an African philosophical perspective and explores the relation between the apparently free-acting human being and God  conceived as the creator of the world and the ultimate cause of the human being. The paper will proffer answers to the following question: to what  extent can the human being be absolved of blame for the evil they perpetrate in a world conceived in African traditional religion and thought as the  creation of a high deity who could have foreseen the negative bent of human nature and should have made human nature inclined to goodness all of the  time? The paper will make novel contributions to the debate about human nature in African philosophical discourse by recasting the human being as  a homo melancholicus, or melancholy being, whose evil inclination in the world can best be understood in the context of a tragic vision of reality.    ","PeriodicalId":37706,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Theoretica","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88845762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Oromo Doctrine of God 奥罗莫人的上帝教义
Filosofia Theoretica Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v11i4.5s
Workineh Kelbessa
{"title":"The Oromo Doctrine of God","authors":"Workineh Kelbessa","doi":"10.4314/ft.v11i4.5s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ft.v11i4.5s","url":null,"abstract":"The Oromo of Ethiopia, the largest ethnic group, have their own indigenous religion known as Waaqeffanna. They believe in one Waaqa guraacha (black  God) – the God who created the universe and the various forms of life. Waaqa has multiple attributes. Waaqa is He who is before everything else. Waaqa  is Uumaa (a creator of everything in the world). Waaqa is hunda beekaa (omniscient). Waaqni gonkumaa kan hin Duune (God is immortal). Waaqa is  hundaa tolaa (omnibenevolent). Waaqa is hunda danda’aa (omnipotent). Nothing is impossible with Waaqa. Waaqa is the source and lover of dhugaa  (truth). Waaqa is Qulqulluu (pure). The Oromo people believe that in the olden days Waaqa was living on the Earth and only later that Waaqa left the  Earth in anger because of personal sin and became invisible. Waaqa is one and at the same time manifests Himself in different ways. This paper teases  out and highlights core Oromo views of God, his relationship with the world and the problem of evil.","PeriodicalId":37706,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Theoretica","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86790632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
African Approaches to God, Death and the Problem of Evil: Some Anthropological lessons towards an Intercultural Philosophy of Religion 非洲人对上帝、死亡和邪恶问题的态度:对跨文化宗教哲学的一些人类学教训
Filosofia Theoretica Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v11i4.10s
Pius M. Mosima
{"title":"African Approaches to God, Death and the Problem of Evil: Some Anthropological lessons towards an Intercultural Philosophy of Religion","authors":"Pius M. Mosima","doi":"10.4314/ft.v11i4.10s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ft.v11i4.10s","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I make a case for an intercultural philosophy of religion from an African perspective. I focus on the philosophical underpinnings of the  various meaningful religious practices and beliefs that give rise to the concepts of God, death and the problem of evil. A philosophical study of African  traditional religions, based on anthropological findings across African cultural orientations, gives us a good starting point in understanding African  worldviews and religious experiences. It also reveals that the various world religions may all be seen as offering different perspectives on the same  reality. Specifically, I argue that traditional African conceptions of God, death and the problem of evil could make significant contributions to global  discourses in the philosophy of religion. First, I articulate points of convergence and divergence between African traditional religions with Saint Aquinas’  proofs for God’s existence; Second, I question the phenomenon of death and one’s life’s meaning. And third, I approach the problem of evil and attempt  an African solution to the Epicurean dilemma ","PeriodicalId":37706,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Theoretica","volume":"12 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82627996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of [Development and Modernity in Africa: An Intercultural Perspective], by Joseph C A Agbakoba 《非洲的发展与现代性:跨文化视角》书评，作者:约瑟夫·C·A·阿巴科巴
Filosofia Theoretica Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v11i4.13s
J. Chukwuokolo
{"title":"Review of [Development and Modernity in Africa: An Intercultural Perspective], by Joseph C A Agbakoba","authors":"J. Chukwuokolo","doi":"10.4314/ft.v11i4.13s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ft.v11i4.13s","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract.","PeriodicalId":37706,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Theoretica","volume":"235 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77571555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cosmic Purpose: An African Perspective 宇宙目的:非洲视角
Filosofia Theoretica Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v11i4.6s
A. D. Attoe
{"title":"Cosmic Purpose: An African Perspective","authors":"A. D. Attoe","doi":"10.4314/ft.v11i4.6s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ft.v11i4.6s","url":null,"abstract":"In much of the literature concerning African theories of meaning, there are certain clues regarding what constitutes meaningfulness from an African  traditional perspective. These are theories of meaning in life such as the African God’s purpose theory, which locates meaning in the obedience of divine  law and/or the pursuit of one’s destiny; the vital force theory, which locates meaning in the continuous augmentation of one’s vital force through the  expression and receipt of goodwill, rituals and the worship of God; and what I will call the transcendent communal normative theories, where meaning is  located in the positive contributions one makes to his/her society, whether as a human being or as an ancestor. I contend that all these theories have one  thing in common that unifies them – and that is the legitimization of God’s existence through the continued sustenance of the universe. This, I will  show, constitutes the meaning of life (in cosmic terms) from an African traditional religious perspective. To argue for this thesis, I will first tease out the  basic tenets of the previously described theories of meaning. I will then analyse the metaphysical underpinning of the African relational ontology and  how it reflects on the subject of being. Finally, I will end by showing the role of the universe in legitimizing the existence of God as a thing in the world,  and how that constitutes the meaning of life. ","PeriodicalId":37706,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Theoretica","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81386619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Onyenachiya: A New Perspective on Religion in African Philosophy of Religion 奥尼纳奇亚:非洲宗教哲学中的宗教新视角
Filosofia Theoretica Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v11i4.12s
Christiana Idika, M. Enyimba
{"title":"Onyenachiya: A New Perspective on Religion in African Philosophy of Religion","authors":"Christiana Idika, M. Enyimba","doi":"10.4314/ft.v11i4.12s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ft.v11i4.12s","url":null,"abstract":"How does one understand the relationship between a person and their objects of belief in the philosophy of Religion? How does the object of belief  impact individuals’ lives, choices, decisions, and what they become in the future? The character of religion is binding, and the object of belief in a being –  transcendent or immanent as the sole determinant of the fate and destiny of individuals leaves room for many questions that border on freedom and  responsibility. By introducing Onyenachiya to the discussion of the phenomenon of religion from an African philosophical approach to religion, the  authors argue that there is a certain threshold of self-evaluation and relationship between a person and their object of belief which is significantly  cooperative and collaborative. Although onyenachiya, a concept that stems from an African epistemic context (Igbo), has no corresponding English  translation, it is a contraction of two independent words, onye (person, giver, who) and chi (personal god, doppelgänger). The two are joined together by  conjunction, ‘na’ with the suffix ‘ya’ at the end, emphasizing the chi’s personal and unique nature. The authors argue that if chi is connected to a person's  destiny, onyenachiya demonstrates an agent-centered destiny, which gives room for agency, accountability, and responsibility and gives a new account of  religious tolerance. ","PeriodicalId":37706,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Theoretica","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78786148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Concept of God in Igbo Traditional Religious Thought 伊博族传统宗教思想中的上帝观念
Filosofia Theoretica Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v11i4.7s
A. C. Ojimba, Victor Chidubem
{"title":"The Concept of God in Igbo Traditional Religious Thought","authors":"A. C. Ojimba, Victor Chidubem","doi":"10.4314/ft.v11i4.7s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ft.v11i4.7s","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the concept of God in traditional Igbo-African religious thought, prior to the advent of Western religion, with a view to showing that  the idea of a God/Deity who is supreme in every area of life and sphere of influence and who “creates out of nothing,” like the God of the Christian or  Western missionaries, is unrecognized in the Igbo-African traditional religious thought. Even though the Igbo conceive of strong and powerful deities  that can only reign supreme within their respective sphere of influence where they are in charge, none of these deities is identical to the supreme God  promoted by the Christian missionaries. The Igbo traditional religious worldview maintains a polytheistic religious view, unlike the monotheistic outlook  of the Christian religion. To achieve its goal, the paper adopts the method of historical hermeneutics and textual analysis.","PeriodicalId":37706,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Theoretica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90086289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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