Fruit Growing Research最新文献

{"title":"ВRIEF POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THREATENED FROM EXTINCTION LOCAL SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARS AND SOME FORMS OF UNIDENTIFIED ORIGIN","authors":"S. Krumov, D. Sotirov","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.02","url":null,"abstract":"A brief pomological description of the sweet cherry cultivars ‘Pobeda’, ‘Kyustendilska Chrustyalka’, ‘Cherna Konyavska’ and ‘Mizia’, created in the early periods of the selection activity at the Institute of Agriculture in Kyustendil (50s - 70s of the last century) was made. Due to their low spread in the past already these cultivars are threatened with loss. All of them are characterized by large to very large, extremely tasty and firm fruits and have very good transportability. Some local forms of cherries of unknown origin, found as a result of scientific expeditions in the mountainous regions of Kyustendil district are also described. The fruit of ‘Pobeda’ and ‘Cherna Konyavska’ are easily detached from the stalks, without tearing and juice leakage, which makes them suitable for mechanized harvesting. The fruit of ‘Mizia’ have a very high resistance to mechanical pressure and are suitable for transportation. Most of the forms of unknown origin have medium to large fruits, whose diameter varies from 18.1 to 24.6 mm. One of the forms is soft but the others have firm fruits. The shape of the fruit varies from round to broadly heart-shaped. Most of them have dark red to black skin color. The taste of all is sweet and sour and only one form has a slight tartness. Single, very old trees of these varieties and forms were found in abandoned yards and fields in the villages at the western foot of the Konyavska Mountain and in the southeastern part of the Osogovo Mountain.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43975188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE APPLICATION IN VINEYARDS AND ORCHARDS OF SPRAYING TREATMENTS WITH REDUCED IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT. PRESENT AND PERSPECTIVES","authors":"E. Marin, D. Manea, M. Mateescu, G. Gheorghe, Carmen Bălțatu, A. Dumitrașcu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.21","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an analysis of the innovative technologies that are currently implementing spraying treatments with the reduction of specific consumption of pesticides, fuel, labour and especially the reduction of environmental pollution. They are presented for the administration of insecticides-fungicides and liquid fertilizers with machines for spraying vines and orchards of the carried type with a tank of 300-600 litres and of the trailed type with a tank of 600-2000 litres, which have standard fans or a tower with controlled spraying, 600-800 mm propellers with adjustable pitch, hot-dip galvanized metal parts, bronze nozzle holder, cardan shaft, etc. The work concludes with the recommendation of using an innovative spraying machine that allows significant savings of active substance, depending on the vegetative phase of the plantation at the time of spraying compared to conventional treatment.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44229919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE USE OF COMPOST OBTAINED FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE, AS FERTILIZER IN A PEACH ORCHARD","authors":"I. Titirica, M. Dima, A. Diaconu, A. Paraschiv, Florentina Netcu, S. Nanu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.19","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out in a peach orchard, `Cardinal` variety, on a sandy soil, within the Dăbuleni Research - Development Station for Plant Cultivation on Sandy Soil. The experimental plot was fertilized with different doses of compost, obtained from sludge resulting from the processing of domestic wastewater. Following fertilization, the soil analyzes showed an increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, with higher values for fertilized variants with doses of 60 and 80 t/ha compost, compared to the control variant. Also, in the leaves the macroelements registered the highest values in the variant fertilized with 60t / ha sludge compost (3.53% nitrogen, 0.32% phosphorus, 1.69% potassium). The soil heavy metals content recorded higher values on the variants fertilized with sludge compost, but the recorded values did not exceed the maximum allowed limits by the layer. The rate of the photosynthesis, the perspiration, the stomatal conductance and the chlorophyll content index, as well as the biochemical properties of the fruits, respectively total dry matter, soluble dry matter, amount of carbohydrates and vitamin C, recorded significantly higher values on the variants fertilized with sewage sludge compost.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44710663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME APPLE VARIETIES IN THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE AREA OF COVURLUI PLAIN","authors":"G. Bălan, C. Zlati, Marius Dascălu, M. Istrate","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out on the winter apple varieties ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Idared’, ‘Starkrimson’, ‘Jonathan’ and ‘Jonagold’, grafted on the rootstock ’M9 ’, in a private plantation (15 ha), from Covurlui plain, Plevna place, Rediu commune, Galati county, in the agricultural year 2020-2021. Planting distances are 3.5 m between rows and 1.5 m between plants per row, crown-shaped vertical axis, with support system on 3 wires. During the research period, observations and determinations were made regarding the initiation and development of vegetation phases, determinations regarding the productivity of varieties, fruit production and their quality. The surface of the trunk section as a basic indicator in the appreciation of the growth vigor reflects the reaction of the trees to the environmental conditions and to the applied agrotechnics. There is a close connection between the vigor of the trees expressed by the surface of the trunk section and the production. Higher force of the tree than the specific one, causes a delay in fruiting, instead a medium or low force induces early fruiting, but decreases the longevity of the trees. In terms of productivity, expressed by the amount of fruit per hectare (t/ha) ‘Golden Delicious‘ and ‘Idared‘ mice stood out with productions of 45, 2 and 41.4 t/ha respectively. The largest fruits were obtained from sour ‘Jonagold‘, respectively 194 g.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42731473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF LEAF AND RADICULAR FERTILIZATION ON APPLE GROWTH AND FRUITING PROCESSES","authors":"M. Călinescu, I. Mazilu, E. Chițu, Florin Plăiașu, M. Chivu, M. Lungu, T. Panea","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilization is a basic condition of agriculture, as a branch of sustainable development. It is often recommended to supplement mineral nutrition with organic product administration because, through their bio-stimulating effect, it potentiates mineral nutrition. Under these conditions, between 2020 and 2022, a bifactorial study was carried out on three apple cultivars (5-7 years after planting), grown at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti-Maracineni, in a high-density orchard. The influence of five foliar and one soil fertilizers, on the background of standard mineral fertilization, over the mineral elements and chlorophyll content of the foliar apparatus for 'Red Braeburn', 'Jonagold Boerekamp', and 'Jonagold Novajo' cvs. was studied. Indicators of growth, fruiting processes, and fruit quality were also assessed. The foliar diagnosis results indicated that the level of mineral elements (N, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Fe) was within the limits of normality established for apple leaves, except for manganese, which accumulated in slightly excess (108.8, compared to 100.0 ppm). On average, during the experiment, the fertilization variants significantly increased the foliar level of mineral elements such as K, Cu, and Fe, compared to the control. Regarding the growth-fruiting processes, the mean of the tree trunk cross-sectional area annual growth was 6.6 cm2. Given that the percentage of fruit set fluctuated around 66.9%, a fruit yield of 66.8 t/ha was obtained. On average, the percentage of fruit set increased significantly by 16.9-19.5% when CropMax (0.2%), M1 (0.5%), and M2 (0.5%) products were applied, and fruit yield by 19.3-21.2% for Poly-Feed (1%) and Fertisol (2 kg/tree). The fruit weight ranged from 72.3 to 443.2 g, with an average of 166.5 g. The average values recorded for firmness, juice pH and total soluble content were 76.4 units HPE-II- FFF Bareiss, 3.6, and 12.7°Brix respectively. All fertilization treatments significantly increased the average weight of the fruit, by 6.2-9.2%, compared to the untreated variant. The results of the study certify the favorable effect of supplementing the fertilization plans with the studied products, containing biostimulators that enhance and harmonize the physiological processes of the apple in a high-density system.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47773131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF GERMAN PLUM CULTIVARS UNDER THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS FROM RIFG PITESTI-MĂRĂCINENI","authors":"M. Butac, E. Mareși, A. Stan, Song Young-un, Shin Yong-seub","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.04","url":null,"abstract":"Given the importance of the plum culture in Romania and the fact that, year by year, the plum assortment is renewed with autochtonous and foreign cultivars, in this work we have proposed the study of 8 foreign cultivars resulting from the Germany breeding program ('Jojo', 'Haganta', 'Hanita', 'Topend plus', 'Topfive', 'Topfirst', 'Toptaste', 'Topgigant plus') considered very good from a quantitative and qualitative point of view in their country of origin. As a control 'Stanley' and 'Centenar' cvs. were used, widespread in the commercial orchards from Romania. The cultivars are located in a field trial established in 2018 within the Genetics and Breeding laboratory. The trees, grafted on the Mirobolan C5 rootstock, were planted at a distance of 4 m between rows and 3 m between the trees and the crowns were trained as flat open center. During the 2020-2022 period the following observations and determinations were carry out: flowering and ripening phenophases, yielding capacity in kg/tree, fruits quality (weight, flesh firmness, soluble solids content) and behaviour to Plum Pox Virus. Following the observations and determinations made, the 'Topfirst' cv. was noted by earliness (3rd decade of July), 'Jojo', 'Haganta', 'Topgigant plus' and 'Topfirst' through higher productions than the two cultivars taken as a control, 'Haganta', 'Topgigant plus', 'Jojo' and 'Topend plus' through very large fruits (over 50 g on average) and 'Jojo', 'Haganta' and 'Hanita' by resistance to Plum Pox Virus. These cultivars can be recommended for the extension in the commercial orchards from Romania, taking into account the requirements of the private fruit growers. Also, some of these cultivars can be used as genitors in breeding works.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47339209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EVALUATION OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITIES OF BLUEBERRY FRUITS","authors":"Oana Hera, M. Sturzeanu, Amelia Petrescu, L. Vîjan","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.33","url":null,"abstract":"In last years, highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) has gained great popularity, mainly due to its appreciated taste and multiple uses. The biochemical composition of blueberries has an important role in health and nutrition. Studies have shown that bioactive compounds can reduce the risk of many diseases. This study was conducted over a period of three years to assess the size of the fruit average weight per fruit, diameter, firmness, total titratable acidity, color, total soluble solids (°Brix), pH, but also the total content of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins and carotenoids, along with vitamin C and total sugar. Three blueberry genotypes ('Azur', 'Delicia', and 'Northblue') and two advanced selections ('4/6', and '6/38') were studied. The plants were grown at the Research Institute for Pomiculture Pitesti - Maracineni, Romania, in open field studies in randomized block with three repetitions (5 plants/ genotype/ repetition). The researches showed the following: the average weight / plant recorded values between 2.07 g ('Northblue' cv.) and 2.64 g ('6/38'); the size of the fruit varied between 12.10 mm ('4/6') and 17.45 mm ('Azur' cv.); the firmness had values between 15.33 N ('Northblue' cv.) and 18.45 N ('Azur' cv.); total titratable acidity of highbush blueberry increased from 0.625% for '4/6' elite to 0.960% for 'Northblue' cv.); total soluble solids varied between 12.9 °Brix ('6/38') and 15.59 °Brix ('Delicia' cv.); colorimetry ranged from 27.19 (L*), 0.19 (a*), -2.66 (b*) ('Azur' cv.) to 34.23 (L*), 0.72 (a*), -3.13 (b*) ('Delicia' cv.). Total polyphenols recorded values between 284.4 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g/ 100 g fresh weight (fw) ('Azur' cv.) and 481.6 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight ('Northblue' cv.); total flavonoids had values between 110.6 mg catechin equivalents/100 g) CE /100 g ('Delicia' cv.) and 160.8 mg CE/100 g ('6/38'); total anthocyanins recorded values between 10.35 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalents (C 3-G)/100 fresh weight ('Azur' cv.) and 56.03 mg cy3GE/100 g ('6/38'); total tannins varied between 160.5 mg GAE/100 g ('6/38') and 335.2 mg GAE/100 g ('4/6'); total sugar varied between 21.14 g glucose/100 g ('Northblue' cv.) and 30.67 g glucose /100 g ('Azur' cv.), and vitamin C content had values between 2.27 mg/100 g ('Azur' cv.) and 5.85 mg/100g ('Delicia' cv. and '6/38'). These genotypes having highest physico-chemical qualities could be used in blueberry breeding programs in order to obtain new genotipes.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47935728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MOLECULAR SCREENING OF SOME FOREIGN AND ROMANIAN VARIETIES USED IN BREEDING PROGRAMS IN ROMANIA","authors":"Adina Iancu, S. Cosmulescu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"In Romania, 70 ameliorated varieties were created starting in 1996 and until now. Some of them show resistance to scab, being carriers of some genes described in various specialized works, but, for some time, a decrease in resistance to the pathogen Venturia inaequalis has been observed in varieties known to be resistant, so must be initiated a reorganization of the hybridization in breeding programs. In this study, a molecular screening was performed for some of the parents that were used to create the varieties in breeding programs from Romania. The apple varieties introduced in this study were differentiated with the following molecular markers: AL07, AM19, Vfc for the Rvi6 gene; OPL19 for Rvi2 and Rvi8 gene; AD13 for the Rvi4 gene, respectively OPB12 and Hi07ho2 for the Rvi5 gene, some of the varieties being identified as carrier more than two resistance genes ('Florina', 'Romus 3’, 'Romus 4’, 'Romus 5’, 'Pionier’ and 'Starkrimson’).","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43388793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF GIBBERELLIN ACID TREATMENT CONCENTRATION AND TIMING ON THE FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIPLOID GRAPE CULTIVAR, 'CHEONGYANG'","authors":"park young-sik, Kim Joo-Hyun, Lee Je-Chang, Jeong Haet-Nim, Heo Jae-Yun","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.28","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to examine the effects of both the concentration and treatment time of gibberellin acid (GA3) on fruit quality in ‘Cheongyang’, a triploid grape. The first set of experiments were used to determine the optimal GA3 concentration (0 (water), 25, 50, and 100 ppm) and were completed when the flowers reached full bloom, with the final fruit characteristics evaluated following their harvest. These evaluations revealed that both fruit setting and enlargement increased with increasing GA3 concentration without any adverse side effects, revealing that GA3 at 100 ppm was the most effective concentration for these grapes. The effect of the time of GA3 treatment on fruit characteristics was evaluated by examining the major fruit indicators expressed when plants were treated with 100 ppm GA3 5 days before full bloom, at full bloom, and 5 days after full bloom. This confirmed that GA3 treatment at full bloom led to the largest fruit being produced with the least deterioration in fruit quality. Thus, our data suggests that applying GA3 at 100 ppm to flowers in full bloom will produce the most attractive seedless fruits in the triploid ‘Cheongyang’ grape cultivar.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46467114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS AMONG SEVERAL APPLE GENOTYPES USING ISSR MARKERS","authors":"L. Bădulescu, A. Udriște, A. Butcaru, M. Iordachescu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.05","url":null,"abstract":"Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most cultivated fruit trees species worldwide, its fruits being consumed not only for their organoleptic attributes, but also for their nutraceutical properties. Therefore, the genetic variability of the species is extremely important to insure a large enough pool of cultivars to accommodate consumer demands for various fruit traits, such as taste, flavor, color, shape, etc., as well as to preserve cultivars that have less desirable organoleptic properties but are resistant/tolerant to biotic and/or abiotic stress and could be good genitors for these traits. The current study presents the use of ISSR method to assess the genetic variability among seven Romanian apple cultivars from the orchard collection of University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania: ‘Florina’, ‘Remar’, ‘Ciprian’, ‘Iris’, ‘Rebra’, ‘Generos’, and ‘Redix’. In addition, the method proved to be useful in identifying closely related individual genotypes, allowing the identification and elimination of duplicates from collections, without compromising the collection’s genetic variability.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44075741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}