Fruit Growing Research最新文献

{"title":"ECOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVES USED TO REPLACE PESTICIDES IN FRUIT CULTURE","authors":"A. Matache, N. Vanghele, F. Nenciu, Augustina Pruteanu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in dependence on synthetic pesticides applied in fruit growing has raised, in recent years, a series of economic and environmental problems. Difficulties associated with contamination of the environment, acute or chronic poisoning for wildlife exposed to chemical compounds, non-selective elimination of beneficial microorganisms present in the soil and on plants, the persistence of substances in fruits and the acquisition of pathogen resistance are just some of the concerns of farmers. Many studies link the severe damage to biodiversity to the widespread use of pesticides, along with other practices implemented in modern intensive agriculture. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the use of pesticides in modern agriculture and present ecological plant-based alternatives that could replace the chemicals frequently used in fruit growing, for a sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLE BREEDING PROGRAM IN PROGRESS AT RESEARCH STATION FOR FRUIT GROWING VOINESTI","authors":"D. Comanescu, M. Gavrilă, G. Petre","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.02","url":null,"abstract":"At the Research Station for Fruit Growing Voinești, the apple breeding program started after 1950, the year the unit was founded, when the first hybrid combinations were made. Over time and accumulated experience, cultivars or genotypes with a high level of genetic resources have been used in hybrid combinations, especially to obtain apple varieties with genetic resistance to diseases, an objective amplified after 1970, when the 'Prima' variety was registered. The high volume of hybridization works, carried out almost annually, was materialized by the large number of hybrid seedlings resulting from the thousands of seeds obtained and the transplanting of the seedlings in the selection orchard. The research undertaken aimed at obtaining apple varieties with genetic resistance to diseases, identifying potential genitors and valuable elites from selection fields and contest micro cultures, being evaluated and proposed for new hybrid combinations or testing and homologation. The studies being focused on the period 2016 - 2020, mention the obtaining of 915 genotypes, from 13 hybrid combinations, in which valuable parents were used in terms of genetic resistance to Venturia inaequalis (owners of the Vf gene), productivity and fruit quality. The number of existing hybrids in the selection field, resulted in a percentage of 53.8% compared to the number of pollinated flowers and 80.9% compared to 1,131 hybrid seeds obtained from 1,765 pollinated flowers, in a percentage of 64.1%. From the hybrid combinations previously carried out, there were identified genotypes that possess the gene for resistance to scab (Venturia inaequalis) and increased resistance to powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), productivity and fruits quality, some of which are candidates for obtaining new varieties, respectively, the elites: H 14/311-05, H 4/38-04, H 1/59-04, H 3/37-04, and elites H 4/17-04; H 19/6-04, H 2/3-04 are registered at ISTIS. Obtaining new apple varieties with genetic resistance to diseases is the main factor in the establishment of new ecological orchards, environmentally friendly, according to the consumer preferences.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF VIRAL PATHOGENS BY SEROLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES IN APRICOT, PEACH AND ALMOND","authors":"C. Plopa, Adina Floricica Iancu, C. Gavăț, G. Lămureanu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"In order to obtain plants of the biological category Pre-basic, plants of the genotypes ꞌOlimpꞌ and ꞌDe Valuꞌ in apricot, ꞌRalucaꞌ, ꞌMonicaꞌ, ꞌTomis 1ꞌ in peach, ꞌMirelaꞌ and ꞌVeronicaꞌ in almond were evaluated for the presence of virus-type harmful organisms. Diagnosis was made by the serological DAS-ELISA method for ACLSV, ApMV, PPV, PDV, PNRSV and SLRSV and by the molecular RT-PCR test for ESFY, ApLV and PLMVd. No positive samples were found in apricot. In peach the viruses were identified in ꞌMonicaꞌ: ApLV in 57.15% of the plants tested, PNRSV in 14.29% and PLMVd in 7.15% of the plants. Two of the positive plants had mixed infections produced by PNRSV +ApLV and PNRSV +PLMVd. In peach genotype ꞌTomis 1ꞌ, 23.08 % plants were found infected with ApMV, 7.7 % with ACLSV and 7.7 % with PPV. ACLSV and PPV infections were identified in the same plant. In almond the diagnosis revealed a mixed infection with ACLSV + ApMV (7.7 % of plants from ꞌMirelaꞌ variety).","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESULTS REGARDING CONCENTRATION, PURITY, INTEGRITY OF DNA AND OPTIMIZATION OF SCAR-SSR MULTIPLEX REACTIONS FOR SOME ROMANIAN APPLE VARIETIES","authors":"Adina Floricica Iancu, M. Militaru, Sina Cosmulescu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"The study was performed to optimize the method of DNA extraction with CTAB, considering reducing working time (non-repeatability of the extraction stage) by obtaining an optimal quantitative concentration to make dilutions and avoid contamination, which would adversely affect the correct and clearly visible amplifications of areas of interest. On the other hand, the multiplexing of SCAR and SSR techniques aimed at reducing reagents consumption and working time. The 48 samples were represented by young (from the top of annual branches) and mature apple leaves harvested in different periods (June and July) from the same year. The leaves come from the apple collections located in two Romanian research units (Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Argeș and Research Station for Fruit Growing Voinești, Dâmbovița). DNA was quantified for 48 samples and extracted from young leaves harvested in June and mature leaves, harvested in July. The readings made with the help of the Nanodrop 2000 spectrophotometer showed high concentration values for young leaves and lower concentrations for leaves harvested in July. Evaluation of the DNA concentration for the 48 samples allowed the quantitative/qualitative evaluation and a correlation of the amount of DNA with the stage of development of the leaf. Optimization of SCAR-SSR multiplex reactions for the same DNA concentration (50 ng / μl), led to optimal amplifications for the fragments associated with genes of interest in the SCAR technique, as well as for those amplified by the SSR technique.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY ON WALNUT GENETIC RESOURCES FROM THE SPONTANEOUS AND CULTIVATED FLORA OF THE NORTHEASTERN AREA OF ROMANIA","authors":"E. Iurea, S. Sîrbu, M. Gherghel, Iulia Mineață, I. Golache, M. Corneanu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.03","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is was to introduce the valuable features of some walnut biotypes selected from the spontaneous and cultivated flora (from the Moldova area) and homologated approved as new cultivars between 1994-2001 that improve the autochthonous walnut assortment with cultivars that have quality fruits, adapted to the climate conditions particular to the North-East of Romania. Analysing the bloom phenophase, it was observed that during the four years of study (2017-2020), the beginning and end of bloom for male and female plants flowers developed between 20th of April and 13th of May. The date when fruits maturated was the earliest for cultivar ‘Miroslava‘ on the 10th of September 2018 and the latest for cultivar ‘Anica‘ on the 25th of September 2020. Analysing the average production over four years, it can be observed that cultivars ‘Velniţa‘ (3.33 kg/tree), ‘Anica‘ (2.93 kg/tree), ‘Ovidiu‘ (2.85 kg/tree) and ‘Miroslava‘ (2.53 kg/tree) have recorded superior values in comparison with the witnesscontrol control cultivar ‘Jupâneşti‘ (1.88 kg/tree). In terms of fruits weight (g), statistically, cultivars ‘Miroslava‘ (14.3 g), ‘Anica‘ (13.1 g) and ‘Velniţa‘ (13.0 g) are highlighted with highly positive significant differences in comparison with the witnesscontrol control cultivar ‘Jupâneşti‘ (12.1 g). In terms of percentage of kernel’s weight from the fruit’s weight, the 4 four studied cultivars have recorded values over 50%. For each of the studied cultivars (‘Anica‘, ‘Miroslava‘, ‘Velniţa‘ and ‘Ovidiu‘) the shell’s colour (the endocarp) is was light brown, having the surface structure light to medium wrinkled and it breaks easily.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF SOME VEGETATIVE ROOTSTOCKS ON THE GROWTH AND FRUITING ON THE ‘ROMANTA’ PLUM CULTIVAR","authors":"Mădălina Butac, Silvia Nicolae, Mihai Chiv","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"The most popular rootstock in the plum orchards from Romania was ‘Myrobalan’ seedling which is very vigorous, incompatible with some cultivars, causes late bearing and intensive suckering. Recently researches were begun about the vegetative rootstocks suitability to conditions of Romania. In 2018-2022 periods the influence of four vegetative rootstocks (‘Adaptabil’, ‘Mirodad 1’, ‘Mirodad 2’ and ‘Mirobolan dwarf’) comparative with ‘Mirobalan’ seedling on growth, yield and fruits quality at ‘Romanța’ cultivar was carried out at Genetics and Breeding Department, in Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania. The trees were planted in the spring of 2015 at 4 x 3 m and comprised 3 trees / 3 replications. As results of the investigations we found that: ‘Adaptabil’ and ‘Mirodad 2’ rootstocks induced a very low vigour; ‘Romanța’ cv. yielded significantly better on ‘Adaptabil’, ‘Mirobolan dwarf’ and ‘Mirodad 2’ rootstocks; the largest fruits were obtained when the cultivar was grafted on ‘Adaptabil’, ‘Mirobolan dwarf’ and ‘Mirodad 1’; the best taste was obtained in the case of the ‘Mirobolan dwarf’ and ‘Adaptabil’ rootstocks. In conclusion, it can be said that all the vegetative rootstocks studied had a better influence than the ‘Mirobalan’ seedling on the growth and fruiting of the ‘Romanța’ cv., being able to be recommended for intensive plum orchards.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF PRUNING ON FRUIT BUDS AND FRUIT YIELDS IN APRICOT TREES","authors":"G. Lămureanu, Marian Tudor, C. Gavăț, Alexandru Vlăduț Opriță, C. Moale, I. Caplan","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"The apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is one of the most appreciated species of fruit trees in Romania, due to its high-quality fruits, which can be valued at a high price. In recent years we have been experiencing very low temperatures during spring time, with severe frosts and hoarfrosts that negatively influence the production of this species. The study was carried out at Research Station for Fruit Growing Constanța from 2018 to 2022 in a plot of apricots in the period of maximum fructification on three varieties with different fruit ripening periods - early, middle and late, in order to establish a connection between the times of application of pruning and the number of fruit buds differentiated on perennial and annual branches. In the apricot cultivars studied, the obtained results indicate that pruning at the beginning of the dormancy period (November) is beneficial within the years without climatic accidents, obtaining yields of 25 t/ha.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'SAROM' AND 'IREAL', NEW STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS","authors":"M. Sturzeanu, Mihail Coman, Oana Hera, Amelia Petrescu, M. Paraschiv","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.01","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1980, the strawberry breeding program developed at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania has released seven short-day cultivars of interest for temperate climate environments. The latest released cultivars, 'Sarom' and 'Ireal' are late cropping season ones (second decade of June) with large fruit size (more than 25 g) and total yield per plant of over 600 g. Fruits are firm flesh and excellent flavour. Plants have compact habit with high vigour, and fruits are well presented on long braces providing increased picking efficiency. They are characterized with high plant resilience to diseases and high fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE DYNAMICS OF THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS PROCESS IN SOME SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARS UNDER THE CLIMATE CONDITIONS AT RSFG IASI","authors":"Iulia Mineață, I. Golache, S. Sîrbu, E. Iurea, Ionel Perju, Ionuț Ungureanu, C. Jitareanu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.07","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of climatic conditions in the photosynthesis process at three cultivars of sweet cherry (‘Van’, ‘Andreiaș’ and ‘Margonia’) from the Research Station for Fruit Growing (RSFG) Iași. The ecophysiological response of the sweet cherry tree species was determined by evaluating the influence of light intensity on photosynthesis, as well as by determining the content of photosynthetic and carotenoid pigments of the leaves in different phenological stages (66 BBCH, 75 BBCH and 89 BBCH). The content of pigments in the leaves was analyzed spectrophotometrically, being estimated by the value of the light absorption capacity of the acetonic extract of pigments (1%) in the visible spectrum at different wavelengths. The obtained results showed that the intensity of the photosynthesis process has maximum values in the fruit ripening phenophase, the content in photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b) registering maximum values of 14.28 µg/mL, at an average light intensity of 53,000 lux.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF CHICKEN MANURE FERTILIZATION ON VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF PLUM (PRUNUS DOMESTICA L.)","authors":"Aneliya N. Zdravkova, I. Krishkova","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v39.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation was conducted during the period 2018-2021 in an experimental plantation of the Institute of Agriculture – Kyustendil, Bulgaria with plum (Prunus domestica L.) cv. ʻStanleyʼ. The planting was created in 2013. Planting distances were 5x5 m. The following fertilization variants were investigated: V1 – unfertilized – (control), V2 – chicken manure 2.5 kg/tree, V3 – chicken manure 5.0 kg/tree. The correlation between the fertilizer rate and the trunk growth rate of the plum cv. ʻStanleyʼ was positive from the second year of chicken manure Vita organic application. The application of chicken manure at a rate of 2.5 kg/tree increased the canopy volume, and in the third year it was statistically significant at P<0.05 by 56.56%. On average for the period of the experiment, the fertilizer rate of 2.5 kg/tree increased the yield by 79.16%, and the average fruit weight by 5.93%. A higher content of dry matter and acids was found in the fruits at both fertilizer rates.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}