{"title":"Consensus-based guideline of the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology for high-risk human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer screening.","authors":"Ju-Hyun Kim, Seung-Hyuk Shim, Kyung-Jin Min, Jae-Kwan Lee, Chong Woo Yoo, Min-Jung Kwon, Shin-Wha Lee, Jaeman Bae","doi":"10.5468/ogs.26066","DOIUrl":"10.5468/ogs.26066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is an important cause of cervical cancer. hrHPV testing has emerged as an effective screening modality to address the limitations of cytology-based screening. However, in Korea, the absence of standardized clinical guidance has resulted in variability in practice. This consensus-based clinical practice guideline was developed by a multidisciplinary expert committee under the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology and includes specialists in gynecologic oncology, pathology, laboratory medicine, and public health. Relevant domestic and international evidence was systematically reviewed and perspectives from diverse clinical settings were incorporated through four public hearings. The final recommendations were established through expert consensus. These guidelines present four key recommendations. First, hrHPV testing may be considered for women aged ≥25 years, with a screening interval of 3 to <5 years. Second, screening assays should differentiate between HPV genotypes 16 and 18 while detecting other high-risk types, and tests with established clinical validity are recommended. Third, hrHPV testing should be performed in appropriately equipped settings, following standardized procedures for specimen handling and reporting, with clear documentation of HPV 16/18 status in positive cases. Fourth, the testing should operate under rigorous internal and external quality control systems to ensure reliability and consistency. These guidelines aim to promote consistent and evidence-based implementation of hrHPV testing for cervical cancer screening in Korea, supporting early detection and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":37602,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Science","volume":" ","pages":"85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13017169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yun Seok Yang, Kwan Young Oh, Jae Young Kwack, YouJin Kim, Byung Hun Kang, Mi Hye Park, JooYong Park
{"title":"Dual-output, web-based risk assessment system for cesarean section due to dystocia: integration of logistic regression and risk scoring models.","authors":"Yun Seok Yang, Kwan Young Oh, Jae Young Kwack, YouJin Kim, Byung Hun Kang, Mi Hye Park, JooYong Park","doi":"10.5468/ogs.25314","DOIUrl":"10.5468/ogs.25314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a web-based risk assessment system to predict cesarean section (CS) due to dystocia at admission in nulliparous term singleton vertex pregnancies, tailored for Korean women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study analyzed the data of 126 women with CS due to dystocia and 490 women who had vaginal deliveries. Eight predictors-gestational age, maternal age, maternal height, pre-gestational body mass index, birth weight, fetal sex, cervical dilatation at admission, and maternal-fetal ratio-were identified using multivariate logistic regression. The system integrated both logistic regression and risk-scoring models simultaneously to provide individualized risk probabilities and categorical risk levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model demonstrated strong predictive accuracy, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.86. Risk stratification classified the patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, corresponding to CS rates of 1.6, 47.6, and 50.8%, respectively (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This dual-output, user-friendly, and admission-based web system enhances interpretability and supports personalized counseling and evidence-based decision-making. Specifically designed for Korean women, it enables the early identification of high-risk cases and may help reduce unnecessary operative interventions. Therefore, further multicenter studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":37602,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Science","volume":" ","pages":"108-118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13017171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical technique and clinical management guide for external cephalic version.","authors":"Jun Takeda, Asako Kumagai, Nami Tamura, Rie Seyama, Shun Masaoka, Nana Matsuzawa, Yuka Yamamoto, Yasuhisa Terao","doi":"10.5468/ogs.25397","DOIUrl":"10.5468/ogs.25397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The external cephalic version (ECV) is a manual procedure that rotates the fetus from breech to cephalic presentation through external abdominal manipulation. Major international guidelines recommend offering ECV at term to eligible women to reduce cesarean delivery rates. However, detailed technical guidance and standardized perioperative management remain limited. This review aims to provide a practical and clinically applicable guide based on an established institutional protocol, covering key preparatory measures, including patient selection and informed consent, a reproducible step-by-step technique, and post-procedure management. ECV is generally indicated for singleton breech pregnancies at or beyond 37 weeks of gestation, when vaginal birth is not contraindicated. Informed consent is required as an elective procedure, supported by balanced counseling on risks, benefits, and shared decision-making. Preprocedural management includes ultrasound assessment, fetal monitoring, and the use of ritodrine hydrochloride and neuraxial analgesia to enhance comfort and facilitate uterine relaxation. This technique emphasizes complete disengagement of the fetal buttocks, direction-specific wide-arc rotation of the fetal head while maintaining continuous upward lifting of the fetal buttocks, and secure engagement of the head beneath the pubic symphysis to prevent reversion. This step is followed by ultrasound confirmation that no umbilical cord or fetal extremity is present before the head. Safety was reinforced by performing the procedure in an operating room with immediate access for cesarean delivery and appropriate postprocedure monitoring. By offering a concise, reproducible approach and a supplementary procedural video, this review supports safer and more effective implementation of ECV and may help reduce unnecessary cesarean births.</p>","PeriodicalId":37602,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Science","volume":" ","pages":"103-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13017175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promising survival prospects and immunotherapy potential in polymerase epsilon-mutated endometrial cancer: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis unveiling future therapeutic opportunities.","authors":"Cut Adeya Adella, Felix Khosasi, Elbert Elbert","doi":"10.5468/ogs.25179","DOIUrl":"10.5468/ogs.25179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mutations in the DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) gene in endometrial cancer define a distinct molecular subgroup with therapeutic relevance. This study evaluates their prognostic significance to refine risk stratification and guide treatment planning, especially within immunotherapy-based approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD420251064413). Cohort studies from 2018-2025 were retrieved from major databases. Study quality was assessed using the quality in prognostic studies tool. Hazard ratios for overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free survival were synthesized using Review Manager 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom), and R statistical software 4.4.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) with heterogeneity assessed using the I-squared statistic and publication bias examined through funnel plots, Egger's test, and the Trim-and-Fill method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>POLE mutations were identified in 9% of endometrial cancer cases (95% confidence interval, 9-11%; I2=90.6%; P<0.0001). Patients with POLE mutations showed significantly improved progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.26-0.53; I2=0%) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.79; I2=41%). Most cases were early stage (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics I-II, 86%), endometrioid type (84%), with low myometrial invasion (<50%, 56%), limited lymphovascular space invasion (25%), and low lymph node metastasis (29%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>POLE mutations in endometrial cancer are associated with a favorable prognosis and show promising potential for immunotherapy. Molecular subtyping that incorporates POLE mutation status should be considered standard practice for risk stratification and treatment planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":37602,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Science","volume":" ","pages":"128-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13017101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie M. Forgie, James Adefisoye, Jessica J.F. Kram, Emily Malloy, Diana Kleber, Jarquechia White, D. M. Wankowski
{"title":"The Effect of Calcium Carbonate on Labor Induction: A Pilot Study","authors":"Marie M. Forgie, James Adefisoye, Jessica J.F. Kram, Emily Malloy, Diana Kleber, Jarquechia White, D. M. Wankowski","doi":"10.54053/001c.155220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54053/001c.155220","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Since 1976, cesarean deliveries in the United States have increased approximately 30%. While sometimes lifesaving, cesarean deliveries are associated with greater maternal risks than vaginal deliveries. The most common indication for cesarean delivery is labor dystocia. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), brand name TUMS, has gained popularity for off-label use to prevent labor dystocia based only on anecdotal evidence, as no human trials have been conducted. Pharmacologically, calcium may improve uterine muscle contractility, and carbonate may decrease lactic acid buildup. This led us to investigate the potential for CaCO3 to prevent labor dystocia caused by poor uterine contractility during labor inductions and decrease cesarean delivery rates. We conducted a pilot study to explore the use of CaCO3 to augment labor induction by assessing (1) induction duration with oxytocin administration, (2) rate of labor dystocia, (3) rate of cesarean delivery, (4) maternal/neonatal outcomes, and (5) GI side effects. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental pilot study, inclusive of a prospective treatment group and a retrospective control group, among English and Spanish-speaking pregnant adults who presented for labor induction at an urban, teaching hospital in southeastern Wisconsin. The prospective treatment group (CaCO3 group, n=50) was consented between June 2024 and September 2024. After cervical ripening, the prospective treatment group received CaCO3 per standard treatment protocol (500mg orally every 4 hours), along with standard-dose oxytocin. After birth, participants completed a validated gastrointestinal (GI) effect survey. A randomly selected retrospective control group (control group, n=200) who presented for induction and received standard-dose oxytocin without CaCO3 between 2020-2022 was also identified. The primary outcomes assessed were (1) induction duration with oxytocin administration, excluding cervical ripening, and (2) rate of labor dystocia. Secondary outcomes assessed were the rate of cesarean delivery, amount of oxytocin used, blood loss, postpartum hemorrhage rate, neonatal outcomes, and GI side effects. All data were collected from the electronic medical record or GI side effects survey (scale 1-5 [no problem-very severe problem]) and were stored in REDCap. Means, medians, or percentages were reported as appropriate. Given that the goal of this pilot study was to inform sample size and explore any side effects or protocol concerns for a future randomized control trial, sample size estimates were not completed. Differences between groups were assessed using Pearson chi-squared test of independence, Fisher’s exact test, or Wilcoxon’s rank sum test, as appropriate. Multivariable Gamma and logistic regression models were used to carry out adjusted analysis. Two tailed p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Baseline characteristics, including maternal age, body mass index, gestational age, parity, and start","PeriodicalId":37602,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://napgo-s.scholasticahq.com/article/155220.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147888842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ha Lim Shin, Young Mi Jung, Hyeon Ji Kim, Jee Yoon Park
{"title":"Outcome of pregnancy after adenomyomectomy: a review.","authors":"Ha Lim Shin, Young Mi Jung, Hyeon Ji Kim, Jee Yoon Park","doi":"10.5468/ogs.25157","DOIUrl":"10.5468/ogs.25157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adenomyosis, a prevalent yet frequently underdiagnosed uterine disorder, poses significant challenges for women of reproductive age, especially those seeking fertility. Although hysterectomy remains the definitive treatment, fertility-sparing interventions such as adenomyomectomy have gained traction despite ongoing debates regarding their efficacy and safety. This review synthesizes the current evidence on reproductive and perinatal outcomes following adenomyomectomy, evaluates its risks and benefits and provides evidence-based clinical recommendations. We reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of adenomyosis, with a particular focus on fertility-sparing surgery, and summarized the pregnancy outcomes and obstetric risks after adenomyomectomy, including recommendations for prenatal care. Adenomyomectomy may improve fertility in carefully selected patients; however, it carries substantial obstetric risks including placenta accreta spectrum, preterm birth, and life-threatening hemorrhage. While it offers a viable alternative to hysterectomy, its use should be restricted to women with severe symptoms or those who have failed assisted reproductive technology cycles and should be managed within a framework of shared decision-making and high-risk obstetric care. Future research should address diagnostic standardization, long-term reproductive outcomes, and strategies to mitigate surgical complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":37602,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Science","volume":" ","pages":"16-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical insights into placenta accreta spectrum: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Sul Lee, Seung-Chul Kim","doi":"10.5468/ogs.25231","DOIUrl":"10.5468/ogs.25231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is defined by abnormal placental adherence or invasion into the myometrium or adjacent organs and is a leading cause of massive obstetric hemorrhage. Its global incidence is increasing due to rising cesarean delivery rates, uterine surgeries, and the use of assisted reproductive technologies. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding PAS, including its pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and pregnancy outcomes after conservative management. The underlying pathogenesis is related to defective decidualization at the endometrial-myometrial interface, which is commonly associated with uterine scarring. Prenatal diagnosis relies on a thorough clinical history and imaging tools such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Management strategies depend on fertility preservation goals and range from hysterectomy to conservative approaches such as leaving the placenta in situ. Effective management requires early risk identification, prenatal screening, referral to specialized centers, and delivery planning by a multidisciplinary team. Despite recent advances in imaging and surgical techniques, PAS remains the leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. There is a critical need for multicenter studies, standardized risk stratification tools, and long-term followup studies to optimize care and improve maternal and reproductive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":37602,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145452880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncovering immune signatures of the endometrium in heavy menstrual bleeding: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mishu Mangla, Seetu Palo, Poojitha Kalyani Kanikaram, Raja Shekar P, Aparna Setty","doi":"10.5468/ogs.25196","DOIUrl":"10.5468/ogs.25196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Dysregulation of leukocyte cell number as a cause of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) has not been investigated much. The present study compares the changes in the number of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, T cells, and macrophages in endometrial samples from women with normal menstrual cycles versus those with HMB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed endometrial tissue from 98 patients (73 with HMB; 25 with normal cycles) using immunohistochemistry to semi-quantitatively estimate the degree of cluster of differentiation (CD)56+, CD8+, CD4+, and CD68+ cell infiltration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were observed in the CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, or CD68+ cell counts between women with HMB and controls during either the proliferative or secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. CD56+ natural killer cells were relatively reduced in the HMB group during the proliferative phase, with higher counts in the control group (P=0.071). CD68+ macrophages/high-power field (hpf) showed a strong positive correlation with CD4+ T cells (r, 0.481; P<0.001), CD8+ T cells (r, 0.641; P<0.001), and CD56+ uNK cells (r, 0.404; P<0.001). CD8+ cells/hpf demonstrated a significant positive correlation with uterine volume, CD4+ cells/hpf, CD68+ cells/hpf, and CD56+ cells/hpf.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although no single immune cell type was independently associated with HMB compared with controls, the observed significant correlations among CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, and CD68+ highlight the interconnected nature of endometrial immune activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":37602,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Science","volume":" ","pages":"72-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prognostic and predictive roles of microsatellite instability and mismatch repair deficiency in early-stage endometrial cancer: a structured narrative review.","authors":"Amirhossein Soleymani, Nadia Hatami, Aghdas Ebadi Jamkhane, Keihan Shabankhani","doi":"10.5468/ogs.25299","DOIUrl":"10.5468/ogs.25299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) is rising, increasingly affecting younger women desiring fertility preservation. While the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system guides early-stage EC treatment, its prognostic and predictive accuracies are limited, highlighting the need for more precise tools. Molecular classification, particularly mismatch repair (MMR) status and microsatellite instability (MSI), has emerged as a promising strategy for risk stratification and personalized management. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on the role of MMR and MSI as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in early-stage EC. Using a structured narrative approach, we critically examined studies investigating molecular subtypes, especially MMR deficiency (MMRd), and their association with clinicopathological features, treatment responses, and oncological outcomes. Findings indicate that molecular profiling provides key insights beyond traditional pathology. MMRd is associated with less favorable outcomes, including higher recurrence and reduced response to hormonal or fertility-sparing therapies, potentially increasing treatment failure rates. Distinct responses to adjuvant radiation have been observed in MMRd tumors. Regarding nodal involvement, MSI has been associated with increased occult lymph node metastases, while both p53-abnormal and MMRd groups show higher rates of sentinel lymph node positivity than other subtypes. Overall, the MSI/MMRd status appears to be pivotal for improving prognosis and guiding personalized treatment of early-stage EC. Integrating molecular classification into clinical practice may optimize patient selection for conservative therapies, refine lymph node staging strategies, and inform adjuvant treatment decisions. Large prospective studies are essential to validate these findings and facilitate the adoption of standardized guidelines for individualized care.</p>","PeriodicalId":37602,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Science","volume":" ","pages":"27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145565824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}