Scandinavian Psychologist最新文献_第2页

Collective Leadership Learning (CLL) – Leader reflections on learning during higher‑level, experience-based leadership education 集体领导学习(CLL)——领导者在更高层次、基于经验的领导教育中对学习的反思

Scandinavian Psychologist Pub Date : 2018-12-21 DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E13

Øystein Rennemo, J. Vaag

{"title":"Collective Leadership Learning (CLL) – Leader reflections on learning during higher‑level, experience-based leadership education","authors":"Øystein Rennemo, J. Vaag","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It has been argued that leadership and management programs are biased in that they emphasise the individual anchored and analytical aspects of leadership rather than the collective, emotional, and behavioural aspects. We wanted to investigate what leaders (students) participating in an experienced-based master’s program emphasised as important when looking back on learning throughout their study period. Methods: We examined systematic reflections regarding leadership development, which were provided in master’s theses (n = 44) from 2011 to 2016. We used template analysis and sorted the descriptions into different areas of competencies (thinking – the analytical aspect; doing – the behavioural aspect; caring – the emotional aspect; and collaborating – the collective or relational aspect). We then further sorted into four social arenas of leadership (organisational, group, peer, and individual levels). Results: We found that the thinking (analytical) and doing (behavioural) aspects of leadership development were thoroughly described in the systematic reflections, and the caring (emotional) aspect was described to a far lesser degree. Another important finding was leaders’ significant appreciation for a platform that provides collaboration and knowledge sharing, which was made available through the design of the study program. Discussion and conclusion: This is (to our knowledge) the first study to investigate leaders’ descriptions of learning throughout an experience-based master’s program. The study moderates previous criticism of leadership development programs at universities. Nevertheless, further studies should investigate how to develop the emotional aspects of leadership within a university context. When designing study programs, one should also embrace the rich knowledge and experience that leaders bring into the classroom and the exchange of this knowledge and experience through Collective Leadership Learning (CLL).","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44902322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

How changing admission practices affect sociodemographics, satisfaction, personality, gender, and dropout of students in the professional psychologist study program in Norway 在挪威的专业心理学家研究项目中，不断变化的录取做法如何影响学生的社会人口统计学、满意度、个性、性别和辍学率

Scandinavian Psychologist Pub Date : 2018-12-21 DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E14

Morten Nordmo, Julie Sofie Hagen, V. Pedersen, Tea Høyheim, Anna Strøm Østby, S. Nilsen

{"title":"How changing admission practices affect sociodemographics, satisfaction, personality, gender, and dropout of students in the professional psychologist study program in Norway","authors":"Morten Nordmo, Julie Sofie Hagen, V. Pedersen, Tea Høyheim, Anna Strøm Østby, S. Nilsen","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E14","url":null,"abstract":"How universities admit students to the professional psychologist study program in Norway has been the focus of a longstanding debate. In 2016, the University of Bergen changed its admission practice from being based on grades attained during a one-year university level introductory course in psychology to being based on grades from upper secondary school. Before this change took place, public predictions were made of lowered rates of male students, decreased socioeconomic diversity, personality changes, lowered student satisfaction, and higher dropout rates. In this quantitative study, we investigated these predictions two years after the change was implemented. Specifically, we examined whether students admitted directly from upper secondary school differ from those admitted indirectly via the one-year introductory course on measures of personality, sociodemographic background, and satisfaction with study program and career choice. We also examined possible changes in dropout rates and gender proportions. Overall, the results suggest that the two student groups were quite similar regarding socioeconomic background and personality traits. Some diverging trends, however, were observed. Students admitted from upper secondary school were somewhat more likely to report that their parents had a higher level of education and to perceive their family’s finances as very good. They reported less career choice satisfaction and lower levels of conscientiousness than their university counterparts. The rates of girls and student dropouts were also higher compared to students admitted from an introductory course. We cautiously conclude that there are small but perhaps notable differences between students admitted directly and indirectly and we discuss how these changes may affect the graduating psychologists.","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43223683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

«Fra tvang til dialog» – en kvalitativ casestudie om ny praksis i en psykiatrisk sikkerhetsavdeling [“From coercion to dialogue” – A qualitative case study about a new practice in one forensic mental health unit] “从强迫到对话”-精神安全部门新做法的定性案例研究[“从胁迫到对话”——一个法医精神卫生部门新做法定性案例研究]

Scandinavian Psychologist Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E12

R. Jacobsen, Bengt Karlsson

{"title":"«Fra tvang til dialog» – en kvalitativ casestudie om ny praksis i en psykiatrisk sikkerhetsavdeling [“From coercion to dialogue” – A qualitative case study about a new practice in one forensic mental health unit]","authors":"R. Jacobsen, Bengt Karlsson","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E12","url":null,"abstract":"A forensic mental health unit in Norway has developed a new treatment approach that emphasizes not only relational and communicative aspects but also reflective processes and socializing. The idea behind this new approach was to facilitate the transformation of standard services characterized by isolation and coercion. The aim of this case study is to explore and describe how a patient and his clinicians experienced this new practice. The method is qualitative, applying a phenomenological-hermeneutical approach with an explorative and descriptive design. Two focus group interviews with the clinicians and one individual interview with a patient were conducted in developing data. Thematic analysis was used and three major themes were identified: 1) New academic positions and practices were developed. Humanity, togetherness, and not being alone were important aspects of this theme. 2) Professionalism took a new form. Reflecting team, thematic violence, and strengthening the patient’s responsibility were main issues. 3) New forms of collaboration were developed. Training in independency, togetherness, and collaboration served as subthemes here. The study indicates opportunities and relevance for a more humanistic and inclusive treatment approach in forensic mental health units, one that focuses on strengthening the user involvement.","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47971669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How gay men living with HIV experience and perceive the HIV stigma: A qualitative study 男同性恋艾滋病毒感染者如何经历和感知艾滋病毒的耻辱:一项定性研究

Scandinavian Psychologist Pub Date : 2018-12-19 DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E11

Anette Einan Enoksen, B. Træen

{"title":"How gay men living with HIV experience and perceive the HIV stigma: A qualitative study","authors":"Anette Einan Enoksen, B. Træen","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E11","url":null,"abstract":"Since HIV’s arrival, it has been stigmatised which has resulted in severe consequences for those living with HIV. Surveys on individuals living with HIV suggest that this group’s physical health and lives has improved through medical advancements but that stigmatisation remains an issue. There is little Norwegian research on the experience of HIV-related stigma among gay men, a group proportionally at greater risk of infection. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate how HIV-related stigma is experienced and perceived by gay men living with HIV and how they deal with it. The study was conducted by interviewing 10 gay men living with HIV in Norway. The interviews were analysed through thematic analysis. Based on the narratives, the findings were organised into four themes and discussed as followed: ‘Encountered stigmatisation’, ‘Living with a secret stigma and the matter of disclosure’, ‘Self-Perception and self-stigma’, and ‘A sense of responsibility’. Contexts, connections, and implications of the findings are presented and discussed. HIV-related stigma is still experienced as an issue among some, but not all, gay men living with HIV. Self-stigma is reported as being the most prevalent issue. Suggested applications of the findings are presented.","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46778210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Det blir ikke stille før stormen er over [It will not be quiet until the storm is over] 暴风雨过去了，暴风雨才会平静下来。

Scandinavian Psychologist Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E10

A. Soggiu

引用次数: 0

Suicide notes written by child and adolescent suicide victims: A qualitative textual analysis 儿童和青少年自杀受害者的自杀笔记：定性文本分析

Scandinavian Psychologist Pub Date : 2018-12-13 DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E9

Anne Freuchen, Dagfinn Ulland, Terje Mesel

{"title":"Suicide notes written by child and adolescent suicide victims: A qualitative textual analysis","authors":"Anne Freuchen, Dagfinn Ulland, Terje Mesel","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E9","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Our aim is to contribute to the understanding of the processes behind childhood suicide. Through the analysis of suicide notes from 11- to 15-year-old Norwegian suicide victims, we aim to provide knowledge of the central themes these children chose to communicate to friends and loved ones. Method: We performed a qualitative analysis of 23 suicide notes using the method of systematic text condensation. These notes were entrusted to us during a psychological autopsy study conducted from 2007 to 2009. Results: The central themes in the notes were a) declarations of love, friendship, and affection; b) offers of forgiveness and consolation; c) statements of guilt, shame, and aggression; and d) statements of testaments and last wishes. Conclusion: The suicide notes of young suicide victims indicate that the suicide acts were deliberate and planned. The victims were very conscious of the grief their suicide would inflict, primarily that which it would inflict on their parents, but they also realized that they could find no other alternatives to their actual situation and state of mind. Feelings of guilt and shame seem to have played an important role in their decisions to commit suicide.","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42335197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-reported premorbid health in 15 individuals who later developed schizophrenia compared with healthy controls: Prospective data from the Young-HUNT1 Survey (The HUNT Study) 与健康对照组相比，15名后来发展为精神分裂症的个体的自我报告的病前健康状况:来自Young-HUNT1调查(the HUNT研究)的前瞻性数据

Scandinavian Psychologist Pub Date : 2018-11-28 DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E8

Arne Okkenhaug, Torbjørn Tanem, T. Myklebust, B. Gjervan, Asbjørn Johansen

引用次数: 2

Leader development using group dynamic interventions: A systematic literature review 使用群体动态干预的领导者发展：系统文献综述

Scandinavian Psychologist Pub Date : 2018-11-23 DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E7

G. Larsson, Andreas Bencker, Peder Hyllengren, Maria Fors Brandebo

{"title":"Leader development using group dynamic interventions: A systematic literature review","authors":"G. Larsson, Andreas Bencker, Peder Hyllengren, Maria Fors Brandebo","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E7","url":null,"abstract":"This literature review aimed to synthesize the existing research on group dynamic interventions that are designed to enhance individual leadership development in organisations. Such interventions are typically intended to help leaders learn about both themselves and interpersonal relationships. A systematic mixed studies literature review with an integrated design was undertaken. The selection process resulted in nine articles that met the inclusion criteria. The scarcity of studies means that no reliable conclusion could be drawn on the sizes of effects and, thus, whether group dynamic interventions are effective or not. Given this situation, four tendencies could still be identified. First, interventions involving practical skills (e.g., problem-solving techniques) appear to be effective. Second, interventions focusing on inner processes (e.g., self-awareness, self-acceptance, and sensitivity to group processes) appear to have some favourable effects. Third, little evidence was found regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving leaders’ interpersonal skills. Fourth, identified enablers and neutralizers include group characteristics, facilitator qualities, intervention goals and focus, a safe climate, and opportunities for practice. The lack of evidence regarding effectiveness does not mean that group dynamic interventions are ineffective. It means only that more research is necessary to evaluate this type of developmental intervention.","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47228790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flynn-effekten i Norge og andre land: Praktiske implikasjoner og teoretiske spørsmål [The Flynn effect in Norway and other countries: Practical implications and theoretical issues] 挪威和其他国家的弗林效应：实际意义和理论问题[挪威和其他国的弗林效果：实际意义与理论问题]

Scandinavian Psychologist Pub Date : 2018-08-17 DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E6

Olav Storsve, J. Sundet, T. Torjussen, O. C. Lang-Ree

{"title":"Flynn-effekten i Norge og andre land: Praktiske implikasjoner og teoretiske spørsmål [The Flynn effect in Norway and other countries: Practical implications and theoretical issues]","authors":"Olav Storsve, J. Sundet, T. Torjussen, O. C. Lang-Ree","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E6","url":null,"abstract":"A number of studies have documented significant gains in mean IQ scores across generations (the Flynn effect). Flynn effects have been found in more than 30 industrialized nations, including Norway, but also in developing nations in Latin America and Africa. In the current paper, we present international and Norwegian results attained from young male military conscripts, encompassing new and unpublished data. In accordance with international data, the mean IQ scores in Norway increased from test years in the late 1950s (birth cohorts ≈ 1938–1940), but with decreasing gain rates, to the mid-1990s. After the mid-1990s, increases in the means ceased and exhibited decreasing tendencies. Our new data set shows that these decreases have continued into the new millennium. Practical and methodological consequences of the secular trends in IQ scores are often overlooked. We address issues related to the use of intelligence tests in situations where decisions with potentially serious consequences for participants are involved. In particular, we underscore the need for test norms that take the Flynn effect into consideration. In cross-sectional studies, age and birth cohort are completely confounded. Effects of birth cohort on intelligence (Flynn effect) have often been wrongly interpreted as age effects. To study age effects, longitudinal studies are needed. There are several theories addressing the possible causes of the Flynn effect. In the present paper we discuss how well existing theories explain known facts, with special emphasis placed on the Norwegian data.","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49174390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Open Dialogue behind locked doors” – exploring patients’, family members’, and professionals’ experiences with network meetings in a locked psychiatric hospital unit: A qualitative study “闭门后的公开对话”——探索病人、家庭成员和专业人员在闭门精神病院病房的网络会议经验:一项定性研究

Scandinavian Psychologist Pub Date : 2018-08-10 DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E5

R. Jacobsen, Jorunn Sørgård, B. Karlsson, Jaakko Seikkula, H. S. Kim

引用次数: 5