Australian Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology最新文献

{"title":"Geospatial Assessment of Urban Sprawl: A Case Study of Herat City, Afghanistan","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajeit.024.051069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajeit.024.051069","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of urban sprawl in Herat City, Afghanistan, from 2000 to 2021 using GIS and remote sensing data (Landsat 7 and 8). In this study, three machine learning algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Classification and Regression Trees (CART), were employed to classify the study area, and the accuracy of each algorithm for each study period was assessed. Based on the assessment results, the RF algorithm demonstrated higher accuracy and was selected as the classification algorithm. The Google Earth Engine cloud platform was utilized to classify the study area, and the GIS environment was employed for the creation of thematic layers. The analysis revealed a 30.06% increase in built-up areas from 2000 to 2021. Conversely, vegetation, water bodies, and bare land decreased by 8.51%, 1.08%, and 20.53%, respectively, during the same period. The findings indicated that Herat City experienced high-speed expansion between 2000 and 2013, while from 2013 to 2021; it developed at a medium speed. The Relative Shannon's entropy statistical algorithm was employed to quantify urban sprawl, and the results suggest a dispersed urban sprawl pattern. Internal migration to major cities due to conflicts, limited employment opportunities, and inadequate living amenities in rural areas has been a primary driver of urban sprawl in Herat City, Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":375342,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Significance of the Digital Frequency Relays in Grid Synchronization Maintenance","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajeit.024.01018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajeit.024.01018","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling tools play a crucial role in both educational and industrial settings, enabling engineers to simulate power systems under various operating conditions, including normal and faulty scenarios. This research focuses on the design of a relay system capable of addressing both over and under frequency conditions. Digital relays exhibit distinct advantages over traditional electromechanical relays, notably in terms of accuracy and response speed. The significance of frequency control cannot be overstated, as significant fluctuations can potentially lead to complete power system blackouts. Historical incidents have demonstrated the severe consequences of frequency instability, often stemming from supply-demand imbalances and unforeseen contingencies. With the rise of distributed generation and the inherent challenges of islanding in modern power systems, the attention of both industrialists and researchers has once again turned to frequency relaying solutions. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the proposed digital frequency relay under diverse system dynamics using simulation tools such as MATLAB/Simulink and microcontroller-based implementations. By conducting rigorous testing and analysis, this research endeavors to contribute to the enhancement of grid stability and the prevention of power system disruptions caused by frequency deviations.","PeriodicalId":375342,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"51 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139629235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Concentrations of Chitosan on Germination and Growth of Sweet Thai Basil","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajeit.023.02550263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajeit.023.02550263","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet Thai basil, Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora is a medicinal plant that is widely used in many industries due to its richness in phytochemical contents. The present study was carried out to improve the germination growth and of sweet Thai basil. In the current research sweet Thai basil seeds were treated with different concentrations of chitosan (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml/L). The result showed that treatment at 4 ml/ L chitosan produced seed germination percentage 100, seed germination speed (1.51), vigor index (6.93) taller seedlings (7.69 cm in height), with bigger stem diameter (0.90 mm), leaf area (1.59 cm2/leaf), and root length (3.19 cm). However, 4 ml/L chitosan concentration was best compare to 0, 2 and 4 ml/L concentration of chitosan. On the other hand, it is recommended for the seeds of sweet Thai basil to be treated with 4 ml/L of chitosan with different plant density.","PeriodicalId":375342,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Natural Disaster on the People`s Livelihood and the Adaptation Strategies of Amrajuri, Pirojpur, Bangladesh","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajeit.023.02290243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajeit.023.02290243","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh has ranked first out of 170 countries for its susceptibility to the impacts of climate change, including its deltaic and low-lying regions, irregular rainfall patterns, rise in the frequency and intensity of floods, cyclones, and droughts, as well as its propensity for bad weather in the Bay. The current study aims to investigate the effects of natural disasters on people's livelihoods in the Amrajuri union at Kaukhali Upazila, within the Pirojpur district. Due to its geographic location and socioeconomic status, this area is much more vulnerable to natural disasters like cyclones, floods, river bank erosion, heavy rainfall, and storm surges. The 'Sustainable Livelihood Framework' created by Chambers and Conway (1991) can be obtained by adapting ecological, social, or economic systems to present or anticipated climatic stimuli and their consequences or implications. Accordingly, primary household questionnaire surveys, key informant inter-views, and focus group discussions and secondary newspapers, journals, books, articles, websites, and union Parishad office data were gathered. About 36% people of the Amrajuri union are depended on agriculture as their primary or secondary livelihood. Natural disasters, such as cyclone and riverbank erosion have had a devastating impact on the study area's livelihoods in many sectors, including the lack of access to clean drinking water, malnutrition, extreme poverty, health issues, livelihood-related losses, and damage to crop cultivation, fisheries, poultry, and vegetable gardens, among other areas. People are utilizing alternative livelihood practices such as fish farming, livestock farming, tree planting, vegetable farming, joint common land cultivation, selling labor, poultry farming, migration, loans, and government assistance for livelihood security to combat the impacts on their way of life. They are also implementing significant adaptation strategies such as, diversification of livelihood, migration for labor, loans, and humanitarian relief. They also apply some sector-based coping strategies.","PeriodicalId":375342,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Effect of OPC and PCC on the Properties of Concrete","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajeit.023.02160228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajeit.023.02160228","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of OPC and PCC on the compressive and tensile strength of concrete with age. Accordingly, cylindrical specimen was prepared by using cement OPC and PCC. Incasting the specimen only crushed bricks are used as coarse aggregate and Sylhet sand (FM=2.65) has been used as fine aggregate. Two different water cement ratios is 0.45, 0.60 and mix ratio 1:1.5:3 and 1:2:4 (by volume) has been adopted. Concrete cylinder made with OPC show higher compressive and tensile strength at 28 days then the those made with PCC. However, it has been from that Concrete made with OPC gains compressive strength at (45 days) a faster rate up to a certain age of concrete. While concrete with PCC attains larger strength at later age. In this study, it has been found that up to 45 days, the attained compressive strength of OPC concrete is larger than PCC concrete. However, the observed compressive strength beyond 60days is larger than OPC concrete. Similar trend has been observed in the case of tensile strength.","PeriodicalId":375342,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of Bus Rapid Transit Corridor for Kabul City, Afghanistan: A Case Study","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajeit.023.01630019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajeit.023.01630019","url":null,"abstract":"This thesis presents a comprehensive study on the selection of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) corridor in Kabul. The objective of this study is to identify the most suitable corridor for BRT implementation, based on the needs and preferences of the local population, as well as the technical and operational requirements of the BRT system. The study employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including field surveys, interviews, and literature reviews. A multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework was used to analyze the data, taking into account a variety of factors including travel demand, land use characteristics, road infrastructure, and environmental implications. The results of the study indicate that [Kote Sangi-Deh Afghanan-Sara Shamali] is the most suitable corridor for BRT implementation, based on its high travel demand, mixed land use characteristics, and existing road infrastructure. The study also identified a set of key success factors and challenges for BRT implementation in the selected corridor, such as the need for adequate financing and institutional support, the importance of stakeholder engagement and public awareness, and the need for effective integration with other modes of transport. The present methodology combines both, existing travel demand estimates and feasibility analysis in terms of traffic and road infrastructure characteristics for the selection and phasing of BRT corridors. Overall, this study contributes to the body of knowledge on BRT corridor selection, and it provides valuable insights for policymakers, planners, and transit professionals who are interested in implementing BRT systems in similar contexts. The study also highlights the importance of conducting rigorous and transparent selection processes that consider a range of factors, beyond technical and operational considerations, to ensure the success and sustainability of BRT systems.","PeriodicalId":375342,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121392501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and Destruction Waste Management Practices to Reduce Environmental Impact in Bangladesh","authors":"Mahmud Kamal, Anamul Haque, Zannatul Mouwa, Md. Nakibul, Hasan Khan","doi":"10.34104/ajeit.023.01540162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajeit.023.01540162","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is a fast-growing developing country and Buildings of Mymensingh city areas are increasing rapidly in last five years. The management of construction and demolition trash is an issue given the dramatic increase in 20-building construction. Environmental contamination has risen recently due to a lot of development and demolition trash. Building materials, collection techniques, recycling and disposal should all be evaluated to assess this problem. This article demonstrates the Reuse, Recycling and Disposal of Construction and Demolition waste as a way for environmental protection, and Construction and Demolition waste management. The investigation was based on field visits, interviews, secondary data sources, and conceptual methods. We surveyed 300 construction sites (buildings) in Mymensingh city as a new city corporation of the country. We found 31% materials are reused, 26% are recycled and rest of the materials is nominated as construction waste. This paper also examines the management practices for evaluating the result. Different methods could be used to reduce waste and increase profits through recovery, reuse, and recycling of construction and demolition waste. For proper reuse and recycling of Construction and Demolition waste, waste management strategies, reliable and tested case studies are necessary.","PeriodicalId":375342,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131278836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Different Biometric Techniques for Security Systems","authors":"M. Niazy, Nijad Ahmad, Zargay Habibi, Badam Niazi, Nasrullah","doi":"10.34104/ajeit.023.01410153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajeit.023.01410153","url":null,"abstract":"Biometrics is the automated process of identifying a person based on biological and behavioral characteristics. It can be used to determine your identity and strengthen your ability to use accurate, secure, reliable, and less expensive authentication for a large number of applications. Biometry has been successfully implemented in numerous disciplines, including criminology, medicine, security, identity, and authorization. This article is all about Comparison Analysis of five biometric identification technologies i.e., iris recognition, fingerprint, voice recognition, face recognition, and signature recognition. It also discusses the mode of operation and advantages. And disadvantages. of each above technology, application, limitation, acceptance, uniqueness, security, and performance. The author has concluded that the fingerprint technique is the fastest and most accurate biometric technique for a more dependable and secure system based on performance and fast communication. Due to the unique characteristics of the iris (the iris approach delivers the most secure performance, accuracy, uniqueness, and acceptability of all biometric procedures). It can be also used forever as a password. Finally, Iris is the only part of a human that cannot be changed and provides the finest answer overall.","PeriodicalId":375342,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131702919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Students’ Achievement and Attitude in Learning AutoCAD","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajeit.023.01300140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajeit.023.01300140","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the factors affecting the students’ attitude and achievement in AutoCAD software. Specifically, the profile of respondents; the factors affecting the students’ achievement in AutoCAD; the attitude of the students towards the AutoCAD software; the students’ achievement when using AutoCAD; the significant difference in the factors affecting the students’ achievement and the attitude in AutoCAD when grouped according to their profile variables, and the significant relationship between the student achievement and the attitude in AutoCAD were also determined. Descriptive research was found appropriate and therefore used in this study. Study shown the results that most respondents are females with no laptop, with a weekly allowance of Php201-500, and use the computer three times a day; the learning style, parents' support, and teacher factors are rated positively by the respondents, while they rated school factor negatively; the respondents' attitude toward AutoCAD is positive; the students' academic achievement when using AutoCAD software is highly satisfactory; and the factors which affect the achievement of the students. This study found the following: respondents with no laptop and enough weekly allowance have driven them to engage computer frequently; varied factors are to be considered in the acquisition of knowledge and development of skills in AutoCAD; the development of a positive attitude in AutoCAD is due to the fact that students nowadays are millennials who need to catch up with the need of the time, which is to be computer literate; and academic achievement is affected.","PeriodicalId":375342,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133310595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Graphene with Tungsten Disulfide Composite Layer Based SPR Biosensor for Biomedical Application","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ajeit.023.01190129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ajeit.023.01190129","url":null,"abstract":"Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors have been widely used for biomedical applications due to their high sensitivity and label-free detection capabilities. However, their performance can be further enhanced by using advanced materials and signal-processing techniques. The objective of this study is to develop a composite layer-based SPR biosensor using Au, WS2, and Graphene layers and signal processing with MATLAB for enhanced sensitivity and the detection of DNA-DNA Hybridization. The composite layer-based SPR biosensor was fabricated by depositing a thin layer of Au on a glass substrate, followed by the deposition of WS2 and Graphene layers using a Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technique. A self-assembled monolayer of 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid (MPA) was then attached to promote DNA immobilization. The performance of the biosensor was evaluated by detecting the hybridization of a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probe with a complementary ssDNA target. The sensor response was analyzed using MATLAB to enhance the sensitivity of the biosensor. The developed composite layer-based SPR biosensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 592 deg./RIU for the detection of DNA-DNA hybridization. 32.74% sensitivity has been increased. The signal processing with MATLAB significantly improved the signal-to-noise ratio and allowed for real-time monitoring of the biomolecular interactions. The composite layer-based SPR biosensor developed in this study demonstrated enhanced sensitivity for the detection of DNA-DNA hybridization in biomedical applications. The use of advanced materials such as Au, WS2, and Graphene layers, coupled with signal processing with MATLAB, can significantly improve the performance of SPR biosensors. This biosensor has great potential for use in various areas, including genetic testing, drug discovery, and disease diagnosis. Detected DNA-DNA hybridization is used in the biomedical field to identify and classify microorganisms by comparing the degree of genetic similarity between their DNA sequences.","PeriodicalId":375342,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"369 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123433561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}