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Development of an Affordable Myoelectric Hand for Transradial Amputees 经桡骨截肢者可负担得起的肌电手的开发
Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijbce.2020010101
Alok Prakash, Shiru Sharma
{"title":"Development of an Affordable Myoelectric Hand for Transradial Amputees","authors":"Alok Prakash, Shiru Sharma","doi":"10.4018/ijbce.2020010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijbce.2020010101","url":null,"abstract":"Upper limb amputations seriously affect a patient's life by restricting their ability in performing various tasks. Prosthetic hands are considered the primary method to reinstate the lost capabilities of such amputees. However, the presently available prosthetic devices are unable to fulfill the requirements of users due to their excessively high cost, limited functionality, heavy weight, unnatural operation, and complexity. This article presents an affordable and simple control-based myoelectric hand for transradial amputees. The hand setup mainly consists of a self-designed surface electromyography (sEMG) sensor, a microcontroller unit and a five-fingered, intrinsically actuated 3D printed hand for dexterous operations. The developed hand was implemented with proportional control scheme and was successfully tested on five amputees (with missing lower forearms) for performing grasping activities of different objects. Further, the closing time and grip force at the fingertips were also determined for the hand to compare its performance with the commercially available hands.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129356036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Biomechanical Study of Lumbar Spine (L2-L4) Using Hybrid Stabilization Device - A Finite Element Analysis 使用混合稳定装置腰椎(L2-L4)的生物力学研究-有限元分析
Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijmmme.2020010102
Pushpdant Jain, Mohammed Rajik Khan
{"title":"Biomechanical Study of Lumbar Spine (L2-L4) Using Hybrid Stabilization Device - A Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Pushpdant Jain, Mohammed Rajik Khan","doi":"10.4018/ijmmme.2020010102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2020010102","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal instrumentations have been designed to alleviate lower back pain and stabilize the spinal segments. The present work aims to evaluate the biomechanical effect of the proposed Hybrid Stabilization Device (HSD). Non-linear finite element model of lumbar segment L2-L4 were developed to compare the intact spine (IS) with rigid implant (RI) and hybrid stabilization device. To restrict all directional motion vertebra L4 bottom surface were kept fixed and axial compressive force of 500N with a moment of 10Nm were applied to the top surface of L2 vertebrae. The results of range of motion (ROM), intervertebral disc (IVD) pressure and strains for IVD-23 and IVD-34 were determined for flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial twist. Results demonstrated that ROM of HSD model is higher than RI and lower as compared to IS model. The predicted biomechanical parameters of the present work may be considered before clinical implementations of any implants.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114400067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Design of a Prototype for Vision Prosthesis 视觉假体的原型设计
Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/IJBCE.2018070101
V. B. Rao, P. Seetharamaiah, N. Sharmili
{"title":"Design of a Prototype for Vision Prosthesis","authors":"V. B. Rao, P. Seetharamaiah, N. Sharmili","doi":"10.4018/IJBCE.2018070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJBCE.2018070101","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes how the field of vision prostheses is currently being developed around the world to restore useful vision for people suffering from retinal degenerative diseases. The vision prosthesis system (VPS) maps visual images to electrical pulses and stimulates the surviving healthy parts in the retina of the eye, i.e. ganglion cells, using electric pulses applied through an electrode array. The retinal neurons send visual information to the brain. This article presents the design of a prototype vision prosthesis system which converts images/video into biphasic electric stimulation pulses for the excitation of electrodes simulated by an LED array. The proposed prototype laboratory model has been developed for the design of flexible high-resolution 1024-electrode VPS, using an embedded computer-based efficient control algorithm for better visual prediction. The prototype design for the VPS is verified visually through a video display on an LCD/LED array. The experimental results of VPS are enumerated for the test objects, such as, palm, human face and large font characters. The results were found to be satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124721446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Micromotion Analysis of a Dental Implant System 牙种植体系统的微运动分析
Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1690-4.ch010
R. Manimaran, Vamsi Krishna Dommeti, E. Nuțu, Sandipan Roy
{"title":"Micromotion Analysis of a Dental Implant System","authors":"R. Manimaran, Vamsi Krishna Dommeti, E. Nuțu, Sandipan Roy","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-1690-4.ch010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1690-4.ch010","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of project is to reduce the micromotion of novel implant under the static loads using function of uniform design for FE analysis. Integrating the features of regular implant, a new implant model has been done. Micromotion of the novel implant was obtained using static structural FE analysis. Compared to the existing International team for implantology implants, the micromotion of the novel implant model was considerably decreased by static structural analysis. Six control factors were taken for achieving minimizes the micromotion of novel dental implant system. In the present work, uniform design technique was used to create a set of finite element analysis simulation: according to the uniform design method, all FE analysis simulation; compared to the original model, the micromotion is 0.01944mm and micromotion of improved design version is 0.01244mm. The improvement rate for the micromotion is 35.02%.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127287640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetic Nano-Systems in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications 磁性纳米系统在药物输送和生物医学应用
Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-4781-5.CH007
Saritha Shetty, A. Upadhya
{"title":"Magnetic Nano-Systems in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications","authors":"Saritha Shetty, A. Upadhya","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-4781-5.CH007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4781-5.CH007","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is that sphere of technology that involves the participation of biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering sciences. Nanoscale science defines the chemistry and physics of structures lying in the range of 1-100 nm. Among the nanosystems researched, magnetic nanosystems are highlighted due their unique ability, which enables their targeting to specific locations on application of an external magnetic field. The exhibited property of these magnetic nanosystems being super-paramagnetism, there is no retention of magnetic property on removal of the magnetic field, thus enabling a reversion of the targeting process. For effective utilization of these nanosystems, they should be reduced to nanosizes, layered with biocompatible entities, stabilized, and functionalized. In the chapter, synthesis and functionalization and stabilization are elucidated. The biomedical applications such as targeted delivery, MRI, magnetic hyperthermia, tissue engineering, gene delivery, magnetic immunotherapy, magnetic detoxification, and nanomagnetic actuation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130717549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Scaffolds and Tissue Engineering Applications by 3D Bio-Printing Process 3D生物打印技术在支架和组织工程中的应用
Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8235-9.CH004
R. Barua, S. Datta, P. Datta, A. Chowdhury
{"title":"Scaffolds and Tissue Engineering Applications by 3D Bio-Printing Process","authors":"R. Barua, S. Datta, P. Datta, A. Chowdhury","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8235-9.CH004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8235-9.CH004","url":null,"abstract":"3D bio-printing is a revolutionary manufacturing process that is widely used in medical fields especially in preparing bone scaffolds and tissue engineering. With the help of new biocompatible material like polymers, bio-gels, ceramics, this technology has created a new site in advanced tissue engineering and scaffolds manufacturing area. Another important thing is that, with the use of CAD file software, any complex design can be prepared (i.e., this technology does not have any limited sites). But here it is very much essential to study and analyze machine printability characteristics, cross-linking time and biocompatibility of printing objects as well as bio-ink. However, mechanical properties like shear thinning, mechanical elasticity are also required. In this chapter, different types of scaffold-preparing methods and the bio-printing process are discussed, which are used in scaffold and tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128997752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Surgeon, Media, Society, Patient 外科医生，媒体，社会，病人
Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch008
B. Lunceford
{"title":"Surgeon, Media, Society, Patient","authors":"B. Lunceford","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch008","url":null,"abstract":"For many, cosmetic surgery holds the promise that one can reshape his or her body to remove perceived defects and thus have a more perfect body. However, the decision to undergo elective cosmetic surgery is not made in a vacuum, and it is easy to overlook the full range of ethical considerations surrounding cosmetic surgery. Many medical ethicists subscribe to an ethical code that centers mainly on the relationship between the doctor and patient, with a focus on respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. This chapter builds on this framework by extending the scope of actors to include not only the surgeon and the patient but also the media and the overall society. To illustrate this framework, the author uses the example of actress Heidi Montag, who underwent 10 different plastic surgery procedures in one day. The chapter concludes with a discussion of potential correctives for ethical failures in each of these areas.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126389405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design of a Prosthetic Ankle Complex 一种踝关节复合假肢的设计
Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8235-9.CH005
Dheeman Bhuyan, Kaushik Kumar
{"title":"Design of a Prosthetic Ankle Complex","authors":"Dheeman Bhuyan, Kaushik Kumar","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8235-9.CH005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8235-9.CH005","url":null,"abstract":"Nature has, over a large span of geological time, engineered near perfect solutions to most problems humans face today. Motion of the limbs is one such area, and the cutting edge in the development of effective prostheses is biomimetics. Limb prostheses have been used by mankind for the better part of known history, and most of the technology currently available in prosthetics is not exclusively new. However, modern prosthetics either are uncomfortable—and the lack of flexion affects the gait of the patient—or too expensive for a large segment of the populace. This chapter seeks to study the mimicry of physiological systems through the design for an ankle prosthesis that includes a passive damper and mimics the shape and behavior of the natural ankle joint.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131774657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Cochlear Implant as an Epistemic Thing 人工耳蜗作为一种认知的东西
Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8933-4.ch009
Markus Spöhrer
{"title":"The Cochlear Implant as an Epistemic Thing","authors":"Markus Spöhrer","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8933-4.ch009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8933-4.ch009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the translations and (de)stabilizations of the cochlear implant, a subcutaneous prosthesis that is subject to ethical and judicial controversies. By looking at medical, social, and scientific contexts, the CI will be described as a technical object ascribed with certain attributes providing technical stability in those contexts that treat it and practice it as a scientific fact, a “technical thing.” Scientific communities stabilize technical things by rigorously excluding attributes of the “social.” However, the CI is designed to enable participation, to “gap” the supposed “disability” of not being able to hear, attributing a certain instability to it. The chapter will theoretically and methodologically approach such processes of (de)stabilization and transformation by making use of ANT and Hans-Jörg Rheinbergers concept of technical and epistemic things. This will be illustrated by analyzing certain discourses used as illustrations for the successful communication between implanted children and their parents in practical guides for parents with deaf children.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114152612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Tailoring Humans 裁剪人类
Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-6310-5.CH014
Alexandra Huidu
{"title":"Tailoring Humans","authors":"Alexandra Huidu","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-6310-5.CH014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6310-5.CH014","url":null,"abstract":"What began as an attempt to eradicate serious illnesses seems to have become, in some cases, under the impetus of human imagination and technological evolution, an exercise by which scientists come to compete with the attributes of divinity: augmenting human beings at a basic level that affects the identity of the species. Genetic engineering for medical purposes has created the premises for the existence of technologies that can be used for other agendas, without medical purpose, in order to bioenhance the characteristics of the human individual. The genetic inheritance we leave to future generations is now under our control, because we are able to manipulate our germinal line. Hybrid embryos and chimeric embryos, although still in the experimental stage, can become a reality in relatively short time. But just because we can, do we have the right to do it? Do we need all of this and, if so, to what extent? What are the limits and who or what sets the standards? These are the questions that this chapter addresses from an ethical perspective.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"476 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122742184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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