Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics最新文献_第9页

Comparison of Adverse Effect Profiles of Nafcillin and Oxacillin in Pediatric Patients. 小儿纳夫西林与奥西林不良反应的比较。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.645

Shelby R Warring, Jessica M Biggs, Jill A Morgan, Kristine A Parbuoni

{"title":"Comparison of Adverse Effect Profiles of Nafcillin and Oxacillin in Pediatric Patients.","authors":"Shelby R Warring, Jessica M Biggs, Jill A Morgan, Kristine A Parbuoni","doi":"10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.645","DOIUrl":"10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.645","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Data comparing the safety profiles of nafcillin and oxacillin are limited in the pediatric patient setting. This study was conducted to compare adverse effect profiles of nafcillin and oxacillin.Methods: This was a single center retrospective study including patients admitted to a children's hospital who received either nafcillin or oxacillin. Patients were excluded if they were older than 18 years or if therapy duration was less than 48 hours. The primary objective was to compare the cumulative sum of adverse effects of nafcillin to oxacillin, including incidence of hypokalemia, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neutropenia, infusion-related reactions, loss of intravenous access, and early discontinuation of therapy. Secondary endpoints included comparison of the incidence of each adverse effect collected.Results: Fifty-three patient encounters (representing 46 patients) were included, with 17 patients receiving nafcillin and 36 patients receiving oxacillin. There was no difference between the cumulative sum of adverse effects for nafcillin (n = 16) and oxacillin (n = 45), p = 1. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred with both nafcillin and oxacillin at similar rates (21% vs 30%; p = 0.72), as well as hypokalemia for both nafcillin and oxacillin (50% vs 43%; p = 0.46). All but 1 patient who experienced AKI were receiving other nephrotoxin(s) during therapy. Changes in liver transaminases were not significant for either drug. A significant decline in median absolute neutrophil count was noted from pre to post treatment with oxacillin (8400 to 6000 cells/µL; p = 0.002).Conclusions: Our study found no significant difference in adverse effects of nafcillin and oxacillin. Both treatment groups experienced AKI and hypokalemia. Larger studies are needed to determine if one drug is safer than the other.","PeriodicalId":37484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"29 6","pages":"645-649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Five Steps to Improve Cardiac Safety of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment. 提高注意缺陷多动障碍治疗的心脏安全性的五个步骤。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.670

Julie A Dopheide, Danielle L Stutzman

引用次数: 0

Pharmacists as Partners in Pediatric Immunizations: A White Paper From the Pediatric Pharmacy Association. 药剂师作为合作伙伴在儿科免疫：从儿科药房协会白皮书。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.660

Jennifer E Girotto, Kristin C Klein, M Petrea Cober, Amanda A Cavness, Tracy M Hagemann, Selena Warminski, Tamara Hernandez

引用次数: 0

Hypothermia as a Presenting Sign of Venlafaxine-Induced Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in 2 Neonates. 低温是2例新生儿文拉法辛诱导的新生儿戒断综合征的表现。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.654

Matthew Oswald, Gladys El-Chaar, Marguerite Canter

{"title":"Hypothermia as a Presenting Sign of Venlafaxine-Induced Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in 2 Neonates.","authors":"Matthew Oswald, Gladys El-Chaar, Marguerite Canter","doi":"10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.654","DOIUrl":"10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.654","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal antidepressant use has increased during the past 2 decades, with venlafaxine emerging as a common agent during pregnancy. Both venlafaxine and its active metabolite possess prolonged half-lives in adults; however, abrupt discontinuation may lead to withdrawal including irritability, jitteriness, lethargy, restlessness, and insomnia. The drug and its metabolite readily cross the placenta, posing additional considerations during pregnancy. Two neonates were admitted to our hospital on 5 and 6 days of life with hypothermia and lethargy among other symptoms of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) requiring an extensive medical workup. Both neonates were exposed to venlafaxine in utero and exclusively fed infant formula since birth. Given that venlafaxine crosses the placenta and into breastmilk, NAS was suspected as a result of the abrupt discontinuation of venlafaxine upon delivery, and the decision was made to introduce mothers' breast milk. Symptoms of NAS, including hypothermia, resolved in both patients. The reported incidence of NAS with venlafaxine alone is limited, likely due to variation in breastfeeding practices among new mothers. Diagnosis of NAS due to venlafaxine requires a high index of suspicion because symptoms are nonspecific and the presentation may be delayed after birth. The effective treatment of NAS using mothers' breast milk illustrates the importance of counseling mothers to provide breast milk as a preventative strategy for withdrawal in their newborns. The cases involving the 2 neonates described in this article emphasize the importance of assessing in utero exposure to medications beyond the immediate newborn period and their possible role in causing unusual symptoms in newborns.","PeriodicalId":37484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"29 6","pages":"654-659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peer Review as a Professional Obligation: Steps and Tips to Becoming a High-Quality Reviewer. 作为职业义务的同行评议：成为高质量评议人的步骤和技巧。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.570

Peter N Johnson, Jamie L Miller

引用次数: 0

Creativity in Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology: Study Design and Oral Dosage Forms. 儿童临床药理学的创造性：研究设计和口服剂型。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.564

Anne Zajicek

引用次数: 0

Weathering The Storm: Commentary on the Hurricane Helene IV Fluid Shortage. 风化风暴：对飓风海伦四号流体短缺的评论。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.667

David Aguero, Delia Allen

引用次数: 0

Retrospective Comparison of Early Versus Late Initiation of Long-Acting Insulin in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients in Diabetic Ketoacidosis. 小儿糖尿病酮症酸中毒危重患者早期与晚期长效胰岛素应用的回顾性比较

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.614

Emily S Cormack, Amber Howard, Derrick Eddy, Nick Schulte

{"title":"Retrospective Comparison of Early Versus Late Initiation of Long-Acting Insulin in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients in Diabetic Ketoacidosis.","authors":"Emily S Cormack, Amber Howard, Derrick Eddy, Nick Schulte","doi":"10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.614","DOIUrl":"10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.614","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Determine whether early administration (EA) of long-acting insulin in pediatric diabetic -ketoacidosis (DKA) reduces time to acidosis resolution while maintaining safety when compared with late administration (LA).Methods: This retrospective review compared EA (within 4 hours) to LA (4 to 24 hours) of long-acting insulin in DKA management in the pediatric intensive care unit between 2015 and 2022. Admissions were excluded for patients ≥18 years of age, without type 1 diabetes, with insufficient laboratory data, or who did not receive insulin glargine within 24 hours of starting treatment. Primary outcome was resolution of acidosis, measured as time to normalization of serum sodium bicarbonate concentration (>15 mEq/L). Secondary outcomes included hospital and intensive care lengths of stay, and insulin infusion duration. Safety outcomes were hypokalemia, hypoglycemia, and cerebral edema.Results: Of the 233 admissions evaluated, 51 met inclusion for each group. The median patient age was 11 years, 42% female, and 59% had new-onset diabetes. No difference was found in the median time to acidosis resolution (8.13 hours [EA] and 8.02 hours [LA]; p = 0.4161). Median insulin infusion durations were 16.2 and 17.6 hours for EA and LA, respectively (p = 0.8750). Median hospital stay was 2 days for both groups (p = 0.9068). Hypoglycemia and hypokalemia rates were not significantly different but occurred more often than previously reported.Conclusions: Early administration of long-acting insulin in pediatric DKA did not affect acidosis duration or treatment length when compared with late administration. Incidence of hypoglycemia and hypokalemia were similar between groups.","PeriodicalId":37484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"29 6","pages":"614-623"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal Dosing Recommendations of Clonidine in Pediatrics Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. 基于生理药代动力学模型的儿科可乐定最佳剂量建议。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.636

Venkata Yellepeddi, Sharlo Bayless, Madison Parrot, Catherine M Sherwin

{"title":"Optimal Dosing Recommendations of Clonidine in Pediatrics Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.","authors":"Venkata Yellepeddi, Sharlo Bayless, Madison Parrot, Catherine M Sherwin","doi":"10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.636","DOIUrl":"10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.636","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Clonidine has been widely used in the pediatric population to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sedation, and Tourette's syndrome; however, there is no consensus on dosing. This research aims to recommend optimal dosing of clonidine in the pediatric population using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling.Methods: The pediatric PBPK model was developed from an adult model by scaling the clearance processes from adults to pediatrics using ontogeny equations. The adult and pediatric models were verified using clinical PK data, and the model performance was evaluated based on visual predictive checks and absolute fold error (AFE). The final pediatric PBPK model was used to simulate clonidine PK in the virtual pediatric population. The optimal dose was recommended based on a target concentration representing clonidine's α-2 central agonist activity (EC50 = 40.5 nM).Results: The adult and pediatric models predicted well, with more than 90% of observed data captured within the 95% prediction interval of simulated data. The AFE values were within 2-fold for clonidine plasma concentrations from observed and predicted data. The pediatric simulations showed that 30 µg/kg dose orally for neonates and 0.9 mg/day orally for children (6-17 years) are optimal for achieving target concentrations for maximal α-2 adrenergic activity.Conclusions: The pediatric PBPK model of clonidine scaled from the adult PBPK model provided optimal dosing recommendations for clonidine in different pediatric age groups. The pediatric PBPK model described in this study can be extended to other pediatric age groups and routes of administration.","PeriodicalId":37484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"29 6","pages":"636-644"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis: A Phoenix Rising. 儿科败血症的新标准：凤凰崛起。

Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-29.6.676

Philip Toltzis, Kenneth E Remy

引用次数: 0