IZA Journal of Development and Migration最新文献

Migrant Remittances During a Global Shock: Evidence From the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico 全球冲击期间的移民汇款:来自墨西哥COVID-19大流行的证据

IZA Journal of Development and Migration Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajodm-2023-0002

Christian Ambrosius, Raymundo M. Campos-Vázquez, Gerardo Esquivel

引用次数: 0

Are labor markets in the Middle East and North Africa recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic? 中东和北非的劳动力市场是否正在从COVID-19大流行中复苏?

IZA Journal of Development and Migration Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajodm-2023-0001

Caroline Krafft, Ragui Assaad, Mohamed Ali Marouani, Ruby Cheung, Ava LaPlante

{"title":"Are labor markets in the Middle East and North Africa recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic?","authors":"Caroline Krafft, Ragui Assaad, Mohamed Ali Marouani, Ruby Cheung, Ava LaPlante","doi":"10.2478/izajodm-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/izajodm-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has not only led to a health crisis, but also to economic and labor market crises. In an effort to avert the public health threat, countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) initially put in place some of the world's most stringent government responses. This paper explores how labor market outcomes for MENA workers have evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper uses the Economic Research Forum (ERF) COVID-19 MENA Monitor (CMM) phone surveys in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia, with waves spanning November 2020 to August 2021. Analyses examine outcomes of employment, unemployment, and labor force participation, along with hours of work and hourly wages. Results show differences in the evolution of pandemic-era labor markets by workers’ gender, age, and education, along with their February 2020 labor market status and industry, as well as their pre-pandemic income. Employment rates have largely recovered and hours of work generally increased. Inequality in wages was initially exacerbated by the pandemic, but there has been at least some recovery on this margin as well.","PeriodicalId":37475,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Development and Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135700727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The labor market effects of Venezuelan migration to Colombia: reconciling conflicting results 委内瑞拉移民哥伦比亚的劳动力市场效应：调和相互矛盾的结果

IZA Journal of Development and Migration Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajodm-2022-0005

Jeremy Lebow

{"title":"The labor market effects of Venezuelan migration to Colombia: reconciling conflicting results","authors":"Jeremy Lebow","doi":"10.2478/izajodm-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/izajodm-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The recent mass migration of Venezuelans to Colombia has become a focal point for economists interested in the labor market effects of migration in developing countries. Existing papers studying this migration wave have consistently found negative effects on the hourly wages of native Colombians, which are most concentrated among less-educated natives working in the informal sector. However, the magnitude and significance of this wage effect varies substantially across papers. I explore the potential specification choices that drive this variation. Differences in how migration is measured are particularly important: exclusion of a subset of migrants from the migration measure, according to characteristics such as time of arrival, amounts to an omitted-variable bias that will tend to inflate the estimated wage effect. In my own analysis based on the total migration rate across 79 metropolitan areas and by using an instrument based on historical migrant locations, I estimate a native hourly wage effect of −1.05% from a 1 percentage point increase in the migrant share or an effect of −0.59% after controlling for regional time trends, alongside little-to-no effect on native employment. Native movements across occupation skill groups and geography are small and do not play a meaningful role in mitigating local wage effects. Wage effects are also larger in cities that have a higher baseline informality rate and lower ease of starting a business.","PeriodicalId":37475,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Development and Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45835227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The role of refugees in the underground economy of the European Union 难民在欧盟地下经济中的作用

IZA Journal of Development and Migration Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajodm-2022-0002

M. Mutascu, S. Hegerty

引用次数: 0

Temporary international migration, shocks and informal finance: analysis using panel data 临时国际移民、冲击和非正式金融:使用面板数据的分析

IZA Journal of Development and Migration Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3771734

Tanika Chakraborty, Manish Pandey

引用次数: 0

Economic Assimilation of Mexicans and Central Americans in the United States 墨西哥人和中美洲人在美国的经济同化

IZA Journal of Development and Migration Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajodm-2022-0003

G. Peri, Zachary Rutledge

引用次数: 0

Do international remittances promote poverty alleviation? Evidence from low- and middle-income countries 国际汇款有助于减轻贫困吗？来自中低收入国家的证据

IZA Journal of Development and Migration Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajodm-2022-0006

Prianto Budi Saptono, Gustofan Mahmud, L. Lei

{"title":"Do international remittances promote poverty alleviation? Evidence from low- and middle-income countries","authors":"Prianto Budi Saptono, Gustofan Mahmud, L. Lei","doi":"10.2478/izajodm-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/izajodm-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Unlike previous empirical studies, this paper investigates the contemporaneous and lagged impacts of international remittances on poverty alleviation using data for 65 low- and- middle-income countries from 2002 to 2016. By using two-stage least square (2SLS) regression analysis, this study establishes that, in general, international remittances per gross domestic product (GDP) significantly mitigate poverty. On average, a 10-percentage-point increase in remittances will lead to a similar decrease in the poverty headcount ratio at USD 1.90 a day, a 4.8-percentage-point decline in poverty gap ratio at USD 1.90 a day, and a 6.7-percentage-point reduction in the poverty gap ratio at USD 3.20 a day. This result remains robust with the inclusion of political factors in the model. Moreover, the system-generalized method of moments (SGMM) estimations found that the contemporaneous effects of international remittances are much more substantial than their lagged effects. This indicates that most of the poverty alleviation role of remittances is contributed by its direct effect on increasing the wealth index of recipient households rather than the spillover effect on other members of the community. Therefore, we strongly suggest that efforts be made to improve the remittance infrastructures, especially in recipient countries, and the development of cooperatives in the enclaves of migrant workers to spread the beneficial effects of remittances to all members of society.","PeriodicalId":37475,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Development and Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45286162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

How important are remittances to savings? Evidence from the Latin America and the Caribbean Countries 汇款对储蓄有多重要?来自拉丁美洲和加勒比国家的证据

IZA Journal of Development and Migration Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajodm-2022-0007

John Bosco Nnyanzi, N. Kilimani, J. Oryema

{"title":"How important are remittances to savings? Evidence from the Latin America and the Caribbean Countries","authors":"John Bosco Nnyanzi, N. Kilimani, J. Oryema","doi":"10.2478/izajodm-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/izajodm-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper investigates the direct and the indirect roles of migrant transfers in the saving behaviors of the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) countries during the period 1997–2018. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) panel estimation technique, the results based on the Pooled Mean Group approach provide strong evidence of the importance of inward remittances to savings. On average, an increase in inward remittances by 1% leads to about 0.10% increase in savings ceteris paribus, but the effect is quantitatively larger in the short-run than in the long-run, albeit more significant in the latter case. Quite outstanding here is the observation of the detrimental role of remittances on savings in the long-run once governance quality in aggregate and disaggregated forms are controlled for, suggesting possible adverse effects of remittances for economic development in the long-run. Nevertheless, macroeconomic stability as well as institutional quality, foreign direct investment (FDI), and foreign aid were found to be important moderators of the remittances–savings linkage. For the latter two variables, emphasis is on complementarity rather than substitutability between remittances, aid, and FDI. While in the short-run remittances appear to perform better in enhancing savings in countries where an improvement in corruption control is visible, political rights and civil liberties compliment migrant transfers in propelling savings in the long- and short-runs, respectively. Moreover, remittances are found to play a major role in ameliorating the adverse effects of the financial crisis on savings, just as they are observed to function as a lifeline to savings in countries with increasing macroeconomic instability in form of inflation, in the long-run. The findings are robust to the use of alternative estimation techniques. Policy recommendations are suggested.","PeriodicalId":37475,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Development and Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45438956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The distributional impact of the Sierra Leone conflict on household welfare 塞拉利昂冲突对家庭福利的分配影响

IZA Journal of Development and Migration Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajodm-2022-0009

B. Reilly, H. Sam

引用次数: 0

Remittances and Household Investment Decisions: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa 汇款与家庭投资决策:来自撒哈拉以南非洲的证据

IZA Journal of Development and Migration Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajodm-2022-0004

M. S. Hossain, Adesola Sunmoni

{"title":"Remittances and Household Investment Decisions: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"M. S. Hossain, Adesola Sunmoni","doi":"10.2478/izajodm-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/izajodm-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The impact of remittances on households left behind by migration is ambiguous a priori due to competing income and substitution effects. We offer new evidence on the effect of remittances on household investment decisions. We enrich our analysis using microdata from five sub-Saharan African countries, different investment alternatives, and different remittance sources. We use a recursive bivariate probit model and imperfect instrumental variable approaches to account for endogeneity concerns. We find that remittances increase the likelihood of human, physical, and social capital investment in most of our sample countries. We also find that remittance sources have a notable influence on household investment decisions. Finally, we explore three potential mechanisms: income effect, substitution effect, and migration expectations. We find that the income effect of remittances mainly drives the positive effect on capital investment. However, we also find evidence of substitution effect by left-behind household members and migration expectations in some countries. We contribute to the ongoing debate on the effect of remittances on capital investments, and our results shed light on the heterogeneous effect of remittance in the literature.","PeriodicalId":37475,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Development and Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48831601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0