Arboriculture & Urban Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Forecasting Tree Root Architecture as a Complement to Proactive Urban\u0000 Green Space Design","authors":"Justin Miron, Andrew A. Millward","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2024.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2024.005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Stewarding newly planted urban trees to maturity involves\u0000 consideration of above- and belowground factors. While landscape\u0000 architects and urban planners often focus on aboveground tree aspects,\u0000 understanding root structure and function is crucial, especially in\u0000 urban areas with limited underground space and diverse soil conditions.\u0000 To address the importance and challenges of belowground planning for\u0000 urban tree roots, we propose a protocol for site assessment and\u0000 demonstrate root growth forecasting as a complement to existing urban\u0000 planning approaches.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This paper describes adaptations to a plant root architecture\u0000 simulator, RootBox, and its subsequent application in 4 scenarios\u0000 created to assess its efficacy as a complement to the phase of urban\u0000 planning that prescribes vegetation type and planting location in the\u0000 context of a myriad of other site considerations. RootBox was\u0000 parameterized based on observed conformity of root growth simulations to\u0000 generalized tree root architecture reported in the literature.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Root growth forecasts for each scenario illustrate that plausible\u0000 urban tree root system architectures—specifically, commonly observed\u0000 root growth habits—can be produced by\u0000 RootBox.In-situroot detection (e.g., with\u0000 an air spade or hydro-vac) at predetermined time intervals can provide\u0000 model validation and the opportunity to backward reconfigure RootBox\u0000 parameters for forecast accuracy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The adapted RootBox is a flexible, proof-of-concept solution for\u0000 predicting urban tree root architecture, considering the site and soil\u0000 conditions pre-established in the planning process. When used with other\u0000 relevant tools, RootBox can offer valuable insights during the design or\u0000 rejuvenation of urban spaces.\u0000","PeriodicalId":373407,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture & Urban Forestry","volume":"69 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140457073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon Mitigates the Attack of Pests and Diseases on Ipê-Roxo\u0000 (Handroanthus impetiginosus) Seedlings","authors":"Talita Cristina Campos Pereira da Silva, Gustavo Haralampidou da Costa Vieira, G. M. Serafim, Kelly Gabriela Pereira da Silva, Suleiman L. Araujo, E. Costa, Flávio Ferreira da Silva Binotti, E. P. Vendruscolo, M. B. Martins","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2024.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2024.001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Silicon in plants is a structuring element that promotes water and\u0000 saline stress tolerance and decreases transpiration. The silica\u0000 accumulated in the cuticle establishes a physical barrier and helps\u0000 fight against pests and diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate\u0000 the development of ipê-roxo (Handroanthus\u0000 impetiginosus) seedlings in different environments,\u0000 and the application of potassium silicate and its efficiency in\u0000 mitigating the attack of pests and diseases.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The experiment was carried out in an agricultural greenhouse and\u0000 under full sun with silicic doses of 0 and 7.15 mg per plant in a\u0000 completely randomized design arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with\u0000 6 replications of 4 seedlings per plot. Plant height, chlorophyll, stem\u0000 diameter, number of leaves, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry\u0000 matter, height-diameter ratio, root-shoot ratio, root-plant ratio,\u0000 Dickson quality index, disease severity, and pest intensity were\u0000 evaluated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Silicon application did not confer biometric qualities to the\u0000 seedlings. The application of silicon conferred 24.6% higher protection\u0000 against disease severity at a 90% probability level. The protected\u0000 environment promoted 48.8% more protection against the attack of pests\u0000 on the seedlings. The silicon application decreases the intensity of\u0000 pests in the protected environment by 36.3%. Seedlings in a protected\u0000 environment increase the production of chlorophyll but are 29.6% more\u0000 susceptible to the severity of diseases. The full sun promoted greater\u0000 diameters, phytomass, and Dickson quality index by 18%, 73%, and 195%,\u0000 respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The bestHandroanthus\u0000 impetiginosusseedlings were obtained under full sun.\u0000 Silicon mitigated the attack of pests and diseases\u0000 onHandroanthus\u0000 impetiginosusseedlings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":373407,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture & Urban Forestry","volume":"199 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140457370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Forests, Forest Urbanisms, and Global Warming","authors":"C. Konijnendijk, Kelly Shannon, Chiara Cavalieri","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2023.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2023.031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373407,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture & Urban Forestry","volume":"315 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139632341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Trees Shape Urban Spaces: Multiplicity and Differentiation of the\u0000 Urban Forest Viewed from a Visual-Spatial Perspective","authors":"Saskia Irene de Wit, John René Timothy van der Velde","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2023.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2023.024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The field of urban forestry encompasses many dimensions, of which\u0000 that of visual-spatial perception, addressing the spatial relationship\u0000 between city and trees, has received little attention. Analyzing the\u0000 urban forest from a visual-spatial perspective is needed to understand\u0000 relationships between different components as well as site-specific\u0000 qualities.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Tree configurations describe the relationship between form and\u0000 space, determined by the relative disposition of the trees which result\u0000 from an interaction between design and the development over time. Based\u0000 on field observations, with the city of Delft in the Netherlands as a\u0000 case study, 35 generic tree configuration types have been defined. With\u0000 this “vocabulary,” specific tree configurations and their relations are\u0000 researched, describing the urban forest from an eye-level perspective as\u0000 an essential level on which the spatiality of the urban forest can be\u0000 understood.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Unraveling the urban forest components by comparing two emblematic\u0000 ensembles of tree configurations allows an understanding of their\u0000 heterogeneity as well as their coherence and dynamics.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The relationship of the tree vocabulary with the specific location\u0000 exposes their role as an ordering structure and a carrier of the\u0000 identity of Delft, and their differentiation and site-specific\u0000 qualities, revealing a composition of wooded areas each with their own\u0000 characteristics, shows both urban and forested areas as equivalent\u0000 components of an urban forest mosaic. This differentiation can be used\u0000 as a tool for strengthening relations between the different components\u0000 as well as diversity and heterogeneity in urban forests.\u0000","PeriodicalId":373407,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture & Urban Forestry","volume":" 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Urban Scenarios: A Framework for Digital Twin Representation and\u0000 Simulation for Urban Forests and Their Impact Analysis","authors":"Bulent Ozel, Marko Petrovic","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Trees are a critical part of urban infrastructure. Cities worldwide\u0000 are pledging afforestation objectives due to net-zero targets; however,\u0000 their realisation requires a comprehensive framework that combines\u0000 science, policy, and practice.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The paper presents the Green Urban Scenarios (GUS) framework for\u0000 designing and monitoring green infrastructures. GUS considers weather,\u0000 maintenance, tree species, diseases, and spatial distributions of trees\u0000 to forecast their impacts. The framework uses agent-based modelling\u0000 (ABM) and simulation paradigm to integrate green infrastructure into a\u0000 city’s ecological, spatial, economic, and social context. ABM enables\u0000 the creation of digital twins for urban ecosystems at any level of\u0000 granularity, including individual trees, to accurately predict their\u0000 future trajectories. Digital representation of trees is created using a\u0000 combination of datasets such as earth observations from space, street\u0000 view images, field surveys, and qualitative descriptions of typologies\u0000 within existing and future projects. Machine learning and statistical\u0000 models calibrate biomass growth patterns and carbon release\u0000 schemes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The paper examines various green area typologies, simulating several\u0000 hypothetical scenarios based on Glasgow’s urban forests. It exhibits the\u0000 emergence of heterogeneity features of the forests due to interactions\u0000 among trees. The growth trajectory of trees has a non-linear transition\u0000 phase toward stable growth in its maturity. Reduced maintenance\u0000 deteriorates the health of trees leading to lower survival rate and\u0000 increased CO2emissions, while the stormwater\u0000 alleviation capacity may differ among species.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The paper demonstrates how GUS can facilitate policies and\u0000 maintenance of urban forests with environmental, social, and economic\u0000 benefits.\u0000","PeriodicalId":373407,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture & Urban Forestry","volume":"7 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree View Assessment: Survey of Two Municipalities Located in the\u0000 Brussels Capital Region","authors":"M. Llaguno-Munitxa, E. Agudo-Sierra, A. Burgueño-Diaz, Alain Guillet","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2023.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2023.030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Recent literature has highlighted the importance of visual\u0000 accessibility to nature to reduce stress, anxiety, or depression amongst\u0000 others. However, green visual accessibility is yet rarely considered in\u0000 urban policy implementations. Reasons behind this are manifold, and\u0000 include the challenges associated with the measurability of green views\u0000 which require data-intensive pedestrian view computations, and\u0000 assessment methods are yet to be agreed upon.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Two methods, Street View Images (SVI) and semantic classification,\u0000 and geospatial viewshed analysis, were used to compute street level tree\u0000 views. All street views contained within 2 municipalities from the\u0000 Brussels Capital Region (BCR) have been studied. Using the SVI method,\u0000 15 green view indicators have been proposed. Using the viewshed\u0000 analysis, the tree view area ratio (TVar) from each\u0000 SVI geo-location has been computed. The independence between the\u0000 indicators was evaluated, and using a random forest model, the principal\u0000 SVI indicators to describe the TVarhave been\u0000 studied.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The variability explained by the random forest model was\u0000 approximately 60% to 70%. The SVI indicators related to the\u0000 horizontality of green infrastructure and tree canopy explained most of\u0000 TVar. The results also reveal the tree canopy\u0000 differences between both municipalities.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 SVI tree view indicators provide acceptable predictions of the\u0000 TVarwhich could be particularly useful for\u0000 municipalities with no access to detailed geospatial data. The 30% to\u0000 40% of the unexplained variability, could be related to errors derived\u0000 from the tree canopy geospatial layer, differences in the data\u0000 collection dates, or geolocation errors of the SVIs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":373407,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture & Urban Forestry","volume":" 547","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Urban Forest Diversification Software to Improve Resilience to Global\u0000 Change","authors":"A. St-Denis, F. Maure, R. Belbahar, S. Delagrange, T. Handa, D. Kneeshaw, A. Paquette, M. Nicol, M.J. Meurs, C. Messier","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2023.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2023.027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The importance of urban tree diversity for improving resilience is\u0000 increasingly understood by decision makers. Urban foresters want to prevent\u0000 the overrepresentation of species on their streets and in their city, which\u0000 could result in a significant loss of canopy cover in the event of a\u0000 large-scale disturbance such as a drought or an exotic pest or disease.\u0000 Although numerous software and tools exist to visualize tree inventories and\u0000 plan tree maintenance work, only a few offer support for increasing tree\u0000 diversity. After reviewing the existing tools available for urban forest\u0000 managers, we present SylvCiT, a novel decision-support and open-source\u0000 software available on a web platform designed to consolidate information\u0000 related to the urban forest in one place and facilitate decision-making at\u0000 different scales. While the first interfaces provide the user with a\u0000 spatially explicit portrait of the urban forest (species richness,\u0000 functional diversity, structural diversity, i.e., diameter classes) and\u0000 associated ecosystem benefits (e.g., stored carbon, ornamental value), the\u0000 software is designed to produce a list of functional groups and appropriate\u0000 species to plant considering tree species already present. Based on an\u0000 artificial intelligence algorithm, SylvCiT identifies the types of trees\u0000 (species and functional groups) that are absent or underrepresented at\u0000 different scales to make recommendations that increase species and\u0000 functional diversity to improve resilience to global change. SylvCiT will\u0000 continue to be developed to evaluate other ecosystem benefits and integrate\u0000 criteria such as site characteristics into the recommendation\u0000 algorithm.","PeriodicalId":373407,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture & Urban Forestry","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which Tree Species Best Withstand Urban Stressors? Ask the\u0000 Experts","authors":"Maribel Carol-Aristizabal, J. Dupras, C. Messier, Rita Sousa-Silva","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The importance of urban trees and their benefits to society are\u0000 increasingly recognized. However, cities are a challenging environment\u0000 for trees to grow and thrive. Current knowledge on tree vulnerabilities\u0000 to existing urban stressors remains scarce and available only for a\u0000 limited number of species and specific stressors.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Using the Delphi method with urban forestry experts familiar with\u0000 the studied area and a closed-ended questionnaire, we sought to\u0000 elucidate the tolerance of commonly planted urban tree species in\u0000 northeastern North America to multiple urban stressors—air pollution,\u0000 soil compaction, de-icing salts, insects and diseases, strong winds, ice\u0000 storms, snow, drought, and extreme temperatures—as well as to assess\u0000 which characteristics may capture a species’ ability to cope with these\u0000 stressors.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ginkgo biloba, Gleditsia triacanthos,\u0000 Quercusspp., andUlmusspp.\u0000 were rated by urban forestry professionals as the most tolerant species\u0000 in northeastern North America to the studied stressors. No species was\u0000 listed as tolerant to all stressors. Furthermore, respondents disagreed\u0000 on how a given species was likely to be affected by or respond to a\u0000 given stressor.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study provides a powerful approach to gaining\u0000 difficult-to-obtain information on trees’ vulnerabilities to\u0000 environmental stressors and identifying the gaps that remain\u0000 unaddressed. Our findings fill some of the gaps in our knowledge of city\u0000 trees’ vulnerabilities, which makes the approach useful in practice to\u0000 inform the choice of tree species that could be planted across our\u0000 cities to build more resilient urban forests.\u0000","PeriodicalId":373407,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture & Urban Forestry","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legible Landscapes: Incentivizing Forest Knowledge and Action in Southern Ontario","authors":"Julia Smachylo","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2023.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2023.028","url":null,"abstract":"This paper traces the changing dynamics of forest management on privately owned land in southern Ontario, Canada, using the conceptual lens of state legibility to highlight how incentive programs are creating new ways of seeing and engaging in stewardship. Specifically, the Managed Forest Tax Incentive Program (MFTIP) and its corresponding Managed Forest Plan are investigated as a means through which a diversified field of knowledge has been activated to enable climate-conscious adaptive stewardship across the region. This case study uses a qualitative approach, incorporating document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and direct observation. Similar patterns and relationships within and across sites are identified to build theory and shed light on the socio-ecological context of private forest management. Set within southern Ontario’s history of forest management and the rise of neoliberal environmental governance, this paper contributes theoretically to scholarship on state legibility. The results illustrate a shift in stewardship on private lands through a rescaling of management responsibility that embraces different perspectives and builds place-based practical knowledge of forest systems. By mapping and building knowledge networks, diverse approaches to management have proliferated at the local and regional levels. These approaches have been influenced by previous management experience, different professional backgrounds, knowledge of participants, and the motivation of landowners to engage in active stewardship. The process of developing a management plan plays a key role in making landscapes legible to all stakeholders. The document also serves as an instrument of the state to build private landowners’ and forest consultants’ knowledge and capacity. This has set in motion a socio-ecological landscape strategy to address encroachment, invasive species, and climatic challenges in this increasingly urbanizing region.","PeriodicalId":373407,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture & Urban Forestry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139314213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Four Neighbourhood-Scale Urban Forest Scenarios for 2050: Vancouver, Canada","authors":"Agatha Czekajlo, Zhaohua Cheng, Sara Barron, Cynthia Girling, Lorien Nesbitt","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2023.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2023.025","url":null,"abstract":"Urban forests are increasingly recognized as important tools in climate change mitigation and adaptation, prompting many cities to set tree canopy cover targets. However, current gaps in knowledge include understanding relationships and the feasibility of maximizing benefits between urban greening and other climate actions, such as densification. This study offers a data-driven and manageable framework for assessing current and anticipated future urban forestry conditions using spatial tree and built-form models. We spatially modelled 4 planting scenarios for increasing tree canopy cover by 2050 in a densifying neighbourhood in Vancouver, Canada, with low (< 10%) existing tree canopy. Based on mortality assumptions, we aged out and replaced 1,853 to 2,445 trees since 2020. We added 6,079 to 11,726 trees across the 4 scenarios (10,228 to 15,823 total), increasing canopy cover from 7% in 2020 to a maximum of 16% by 2050. Despite rigorous tree planting, we were unable to achieve a 30% canopy cover target at neighbourhood scale. Tree replacement due to mortality was a major contributor to decreased canopy cover and volume in future scenarios. The 31% to 34% reduction in future canopy cover due to the replacement of aged-out trees was driven by changes on private parcels. Our systematic framework for generating and spatially modelling trees in a simulated future neighbourhood provides an opportunity for iteratively assessing multiple potential tree planting configurations. Future work for this project includes investigating social-ecological, outdoor shading, and building energy implications of various modelled urban forest strategies.","PeriodicalId":373407,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture &amp; Urban Forestry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139314402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}