{"title":"Orbital Apex Syndrome Secondary to Middle Cranial Fossa Meningocele: A Rare Pediatric Case.","authors":"Konstantin Gushansky, Mohamad Zaghal","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2597863","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2597863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is a rare, sight-threatening condition caused by injury or compression of neurovascular structures in the orbital apex, which, depending on the underlying etiology, may even pose a life-threatening risk. Prompt recognition and intervention are essential to prevent permanent visual loss and systemic complications.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a 10-year-old child presenting with acute left-sided proptosis, eyelid edema, ophthalmoplegia, and optic disc edema, following a history of orbital cellulitis and meningitis in early childhood. Imaging revealed a middle cranial fossa meningocele (MEC) extending into the orbital apex, associated with sinusitis and purulent meningitis. Ophthalmic examination demonstrated severe restriction of left-eye movements, proptosis, and a relative afferent pupillary defect. A multidisciplinary team - including ophthalmology, neurology, ENT, and radiology - initiated urgent intravenous antibiotics, resulting in rapid systemic and ocular improvement. The patient subsequently underwent cranial osteoplasty to repair the skull base defect. At discharge and four-month follow-up, visual acuity was normal, extraocular movements had largely recovered, and imaging showed intact retinal nerve fiber layers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the importance of early recognition and collaborative management in OAS. Middle cranial fossa meningoceles, though rare, should be considered among potential structural causes of orbital apex compression.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":" ","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabel Deboutte, Léopoldine Lequeux, Christelle Bonifas, Nicolas Molinari, Dominique Thouvenin
{"title":"A Convenient Method to Estimate Alignment of Eyes Under General Anesthesia in Strabismus Subjects.","authors":"Isabel Deboutte, Léopoldine Lequeux, Christelle Bonifas, Nicolas Molinari, Dominique Thouvenin","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2565878","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2565878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> This study aims to describe an objective and simple method to estimate the alignment of eyes under general anesthesia (GA) in strabismus subjects, which may vary from the angle measured preoperatively.<b>Materials and Methods:</b> Through the operating microscope, pictures of the eye position of 94 subjects with horizontal strabismus were captured under GA. A curved caliper was placed parallel to the horizontal meridian, and the distance between the center of cornea and the corneal reflex spot of the microscope was measured. The eye position was estimated with a quantified Hirschberg method for each eye, and the values were added to reflect the global binocular angle of deviation. To validate this method, four strabismus surgeons blindly evaluated the strabismus angle based on these pictures, and the results were compared. Agreement between the four measurements was estimated using the ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) index.<b>Results:</b> ICC coefficients and their 95% confidence interval were 0.93 (0.88-0.95) for the overall angle, 0.91 (0.89-0.94) for the right eye and 0.86 (0.77-0.91) for the left eye, indicating good to excellent reliability of these measurements.<b>Conclusion:</b> Evaluating the evolution of the strabismus under GA may be of clinical interest and have potential therapeutical consequences. The described technique is fast, convenient, and reliable and provides a tool to encourage surgeons to take into account this parameter of strabismus.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":" ","pages":"63-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145330257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Extra Ocular Muscles and Oculomotor Nerves in Patients with Congenital Monocular Elevation Deficit.","authors":"Simranjeet Aulakh, Virender Sachdeva, Dandu Ravi Varma, Ashik Mohamed, Ramesh Kekunnaya","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2533547","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2533547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is sparse literature on radiological findings in cases of monocular elevation deficit (MED). We conducted this study to report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of extra-ocular muscles and oculomotor nerves in patients with congenital MED and to investigate its patho-mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included patients with congenital MED without prior strabismus surgery. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the extra-ocular muscles in quasi-sagittal and quasi-coronal scans was measured manually on 2-mm-thick T2-weighted MRI images using Osirix MD software. Oculomotor nerves were imaged with balanced steady state free precession (bFFE) sequence. Clinical findings of Bell's phenomenon and forced duction test (FDT) for inferior rectus (IR) muscle were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven patients were included. The median CSA of superior rectus (SR) muscle at mid-orbit section was significantly lesser in the affected eye (8.83 mm<sup>2</sup>, Inter-quartile range (IQR): 5.39-11.36 mm<sup>2</sup>) than in the normal eye (13.63 mm<sup>2</sup>, IQR: 10.99-16.92 mm<sup>2</sup>), <i>p</i> = .02. From 11 patients, 10 had a thinner SR muscle on the affected side. Bell's phenomenon was intact in six patients. Forced duction test was positive for IR muscle in five cases. Oculomotor nerve was thinner on the affected side in two patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Majority patients with congenital MED have a hypotrophic SR muscle, due to dysinnervation or primary muscle pathology. Bell's phenomenon may or may not be present in these conditions, and its presence does not warrant a supra-nuclear cause.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":" ","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Short and Long Term Effects of Teprotumumab on Diplopia and Strabismus Associated with Thyroid Eye Disease.","authors":"Rachael H Jenkins","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2601910","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2601910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Teprotumumab has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammation and proptosis in patients with thyroid eye disease. This study focused on the short and long-term effects of teprotumumab on diplopia and strabismus. Twenty patients were followed after receiving teprotumumab, on average, 2 years post-treatment, with a range of 1 to 5 years. Detailed sensorimotor exams including prism and alternate cover test were performed. All patients but one had a decrease in proptosis, ranging from 1 to 10 mm, with an average of 3.4 mm. Fifteen patients had diplopia in primary position pre-treatment. Forty six percent had a clinically significant improvement in diplopia when treatment was initially finished. This decreased to 33% after 10 to 18 months post treatment due to diplopia symptoms returning. Three patients whose diplopia did not improve with treatment initially, relapsed (had an increase in TED symptoms). The patients in this study remained stable after 18 months up to 5 years post-treatment. It is advisable to follow patients with active disease regularly for diplopia changes up to 18 months post-treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":" ","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surgical Treatment of Congenital Brown Syndrome, A Review.","authors":"Arash Mirmohammadsadeghi, Mohammad Reza Akbari, Motahhareh Sadeghi, Babak Masoomian, Maryam Saatchi","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2538296","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2538296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> Brown syndrome is an ocular motility disorder that was first described by Harold Brown in 1950. The pathology is attributed to the superior oblique tendon and sheath. It creates a vertical deviation with limitation of elevation of the affected eye in adduction. There is no standard management strategy. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the methods introduced so far, along with their advantages and disadvantages.<b>Patients and Method:</b> Related articles from 1950 to 2022 were searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus based on the keywords of this article.<b>Results:</b> Management of Brown syndrome includes observation and, in some cases, surgical intervention. Until now, several surgical approaches have been reported, including nongraded procedures (superior oblique nasal tenotomy or tenectomy) and graded procedures (superior oblique tendon lengthening, split-tendon lengthening, and superior oblique tendon thinning).<b>Conclusion:</b> Since surgical results are unpredictable and spontaneous recovery has been reported in 75% of patients, care must be taken in selecting patients for surgery. It seems that graded and reversible procedures appear to have advantages over other methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":" ","pages":"56-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Successful Orthoptic Therapy for a Case of Accommodation Disorder and Convergence Spasm: Case Report.","authors":"Nélide Skitnevsky Catach, Mariza Polati, Vivian Tomikawa","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2464417","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2464417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report improved symptoms in an adult patient with accommodation disorder and convergence spasm following a combination of in-clinic and at-home orthoptic therapies, including vergence training, non-prism spectacles to relax accommodation, cycloplegic eye drops, and anti-suppression exercises.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Collaboration Between Emergency Medicine and Optometry Aids in Diagnosing Atypical Wallenberg Syndrome in a 37-Year-Old Female.","authors":"Sweta Das, Jingyun Wang, Carolyn Majcher, Alissa Proctor, Catherine Porter","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2498799","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2498799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report highlights an atypical clinical presentation featuring ipsilateral head, neck, shoulder, and eye pain with erythema, edema of the right eyelid and conjunctiva, alongside classic signs of dorsolateral medullary syndrome, also known as Wallenberg Syndrome, characterized by ipsilateral Horner's syndrome and contralateral loss of body pain and temperature in a 37-year-old female. The correct diagnosis of Wallenberg syndrome was achieved through the collaborative effort of eye care professionals, primary care, emergency, and neurology specialties in medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":" ","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel Approaches to Surgical Correction of Strabismus Based on Current Understanding of Orbital Pulley Anatomy.","authors":"Irene H Ludwig","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2499545","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2499545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent anatomic and functional studies of the extraocular muscles have led to a new understanding that their proper function is dependent upon a complex collagenous orbital scaffolding. This structure, for which the term \"pulley system\" is a useful concise designation, maintains the positions of the eye muscles relative to the globe, to each other, and to the orbit. Disruption of this system results in muscle displacement and dysfunction. Novel strabismus surgical procedures designed to utilize this new anatomic knowledge may yield powerful results while lowering ophthalmic risk. Such procedures include pulley posterior fixation, retro-equatorial myopexy, pulley sleeve fusion, angled advancement, angled resection, angled recession, advancement of a muscle's retracted or separated orbital layer, flap tear repair, pulley repair, and loop myopexy.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":" ","pages":"19-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaden H Yassin, Janine Tsai, Tara Mossadeghian, Yan Kefalov, Stephanie Lam, Kourosh Shahraki, Mateen Amin, Donny W Suh
{"title":"Introducing the Novel Muscle Hook for Challenging Strabismus Surgery.","authors":"Shaden H Yassin, Janine Tsai, Tara Mossadeghian, Yan Kefalov, Stephanie Lam, Kourosh Shahraki, Mateen Amin, Donny W Suh","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2488575","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2576117X.2025.2488575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Strabismus surgery on tight extraocular muscles poses significant challenges due to limited muscle mobility and increased surgical risks. This study introduces the Suh muscle hook, a novel instrument designed to enhance surgical maneuverability and outcomes in cases of tight extraocular muscles during strabismus surgery.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The Suh muscle hook features five unique design enhancements, including an ultrathin profile, a curved handle, a beveled tip, a knobbed tip, and a grooved track for needle passage. These design features aim to improve usability and efficacy in surgeries involving tight extraocular muscles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Suh muscle hook was meticulously designed by Epsilon. It measures 112.5 ± 0.5 mm in length and incorporates features such as a textured handle for improved grip, a 10-degree angled handle, and a 1.5 mm-wide horizontal bar with a 0.55 mm-wide grooved track for precise suturing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The innovative design of the Suh muscle hook allows for easier manipulation and suturing under tight extraocular muscles, reducing the risk of muscle rupture, scleral perforation, and other complications associated with traditional muscle hooks. The instrument's enhanced maneuverability and safety features contribute to improved surgical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Suh muscle hook represents a significant advancement in strabismus surgery, offering a safer and more precise approach to managing tight extraocular muscles. Its unique design features address the challenges posed by tight muscles, ultimately improving surgical success and patient safety in pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":" ","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities of Vision Screening and Refractive Error Management for Underserved Children in the United States.","authors":"Christina M Ambrosino, Megan E Collins","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2024.2348266","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2576117X.2024.2348266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uncorrected refractive error is a key cause of childhood visual impairment in the United States. As pediatric vision issues are often asymptomatic, vision screenings are essential to identify children's eye problems. Despite the importance of vision for children's health, well-being, and academic achievement, challenges remain in ensuring that children have equitable access to vision screenings and follow-up eye care. Children of racial and ethnic minorities experience a greater burden of myopia, while longstanding disparities in eye care access have been observed across both race and socioeconomic status. Collaborations with schools and community organizations may represent effective strategies to increase children's access to eye care in underserved communities. By providing services directly at schools, school-based vision programs have demonstrated success in addressing children's refractive error and need for eyeglasses. Future work for community-based programs may engage schools, eye care professionals, and other community stakeholders in collaborations to address children's unmet eye care needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":"74 4","pages":"113-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}