Asian Research Journal of Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"In-vitro Biocontrol of Sugarcane Stem Borer (Eldana saccharina Walker) with Essential Oils from Aromatic Plants","authors":"Ouattara Dadjo, K. K. Didier, J. Félicia, Kassi Fernand Martial, Yao Kouadio Jacques-Edouard, Y. Kouakou, Koné Daouda","doi":"10.9734/arja/2022/v15i4367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arja/2022/v15i4367","url":null,"abstract":"Study Design and Objectives: Sugar cane production is threatened by the devastating action of the larval populations of Eldana saccharina Walker. Faced with this situation, the search for sustainable control solutions is a major challenge for sugar producers. This study contributes to the control of the larval populations of the pest through the use of formulations based on essential oils of local aromatic plants. \u0000Methodology: Bioassays on the survival of the larvae were therefore conducted in the laboratory at the Sucrivoire site in Zuénoula. The larvae obtained from the eggs, incubated for 5 days were reared on a nutritional medium and then transferred to empty dishes after one week. Essential oils from the hydrodistillation of three aromatic plants (Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale) were used. Five concentrations of these essential oils (1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 10000-ppm) were tested by direct contact on batches of 10 larvae for a total of 30 larvae/concentration. Dead larvae were counted daily and the mortality rate was calculated after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure. \u0000Results: As early as 24 hours, larval mortality was significant (P<0.001) from 2000-ppm for Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum gratissimum essential oils. They caused larval mortality of 63.33 and 80% respectively. Zingiber officinale induced a significant mortality of 80% from 4000-ppm. After 72 hours of exposure of the larvae to the essential oils, the mortality rate increased significantly with the concentration (P<0.001). The lowest lethal concentrations for 50 and 90% (841.77 and 1905.06 ppm, respectively) were obtained with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum. \u0000Conclusion: The use of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale can help to control Eldana saccharina Walker larval borers for better sugarcane production.","PeriodicalId":372539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Research Journal of Agriculture","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125604548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Agronomic Performance of Rice Seeds Coated with N-Enriched Organomineral Fertilizer","authors":"J. Priyono, Anak Agung Ketut Sudharmawan","doi":"10.9734/arja/2022/v15i4366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arja/2022/v15i4366","url":null,"abstract":"Seed coating with silicate rock-basis organomineral fertilizer (OMF) was proposed as an appropriate method to improve the productivity and profitability of rice farming. This research aimed to evaluate the growth and yield components of rice grown from coated seeds with N-enriched OMF. The coated seeds of two rice varieties, i.e., Trisakti (T) and Nutri Zinc (NZ) were tested in separate experimental sets. A randomized block design was applied for each experiment with the treatment consisting of non-coated seed (NCS), coated seeds containing 4.5% N (CS-1), 7.8% N (CS-2), and 9.0% N (CS-3) in 3 blocks. The coating material of OMF was a mixture of 90% basaltic rock and 10% rock phosphate, enriched with N accordingly to the treatment; and the weight ratio of seed to OMF was about 1:16. The coated seeds were planted directly to the ground (without sowing and transplanting steps), and only NCS was fertilized with NPK (15:15:15) equivalent to 300 kg. ha-1. Results reveal that there was no significant difference in growth components (number of tillers and the weight of top-biomass) and quality of rice grains (weight of 1,000 grains) for the plants of coated and non-coated seeds. Enriching OMF with N up to 9% consistently improved the total yield of rice. Therefore, seed coating with OMF containing about 9% N was an appropriate method to optimize rice yield.","PeriodicalId":372539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Research Journal of Agriculture","volume":"41 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132678122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of Farmers’ Training Needs on Drought Management Strategies for Improved Crops and Livestock Production in Northern Nigeria","authors":"O. D. Jimoh, M. Y. Otache, Adeolu Richard Adesiji, R. Olaleye, J. Agajo","doi":"10.9734/arja/2022/v15i4365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arja/2022/v15i4365","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the farmers’ training needs on drought management strategies for improved crops and livestock production in Northern Nigeria Six Nigerian northern states were sampled based on the intensity of drought. 792 farmers were randomly selected for the study. Primary and secondary data were collected using questionnaire with trained enumerators. Validation of questionnaire for data collection and reliability test were carried out. The results revealed 38.5 years as the farmers’ mean age with household size of 9 persons. 84.5% of the farmers had formal education and average of 5.27ha of cultivated farm land. 80% of the farmers experienced reduction in crops’ yields and livestock production with higher income loss in livestock production. This is based on Adopter Perception Theory which argues that the adoption process starts with the perception that there is need to innovate. Researches had established that drought affect almost all agricultural activities. Finding revealed that the mean annual yield for the crop sector before drought occurrence varied between 1.12 tons/ha and 0.41 tons/ha, with a maximum of 50 tons/ha. Tuber crops production ranked first, while legumes took the last position for the period under consideration in this study. Therefore, under the crop sector, cereal crops’ farmers suffered the highest loss (0.43tons/ha) due to drought occurrence, while Tuber crop followed closely with 0.35tons/ha loss. In case of livestock, the mean annual loss is 13 and maximum of 330 birds but in terms of income loss, livestock was more than crop. Most farmers require training in the maintenance of water supply systems, drought risk management and access to drought-related information. This study provides basis for tackling the effects of drought in Northern Nigeria. It identifies training needs of farmers with a view to mitigate the menace of drought to enhance yield in the areas of crops and livestock production.","PeriodicalId":372539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Research Journal of Agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116965579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of RNA –Binding Proteins in Controlling Cell to Cell Communication and Molecular Trafficking in Plants","authors":"S. C. Roy","doi":"10.9734/arja/2022/v15i4364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arja/2022/v15i4364","url":null,"abstract":"Cell to Cell communication is the most important process in all living organisms. This communication network is essential for growth, differentiation, development and metabolic functions. As plant cell has a rigid cell wall so there are some special ways for using communication network through a special structure called Plasmodesmata. The messages from the DNA of dividing cells pass signals or messages to other cells through RNA molecules. But RNA molecules cannot pass independently to other cells, so some proteins are needed that are bound to RNA (RNA-binding Proteins). These proteins actually carry signals from one cell to another. In plants plasmodesmata is very small that carries only water and micronutrients. But it has been noted that its size is not constant but is very dynamic where their sizes can change according to their need. The role of plasmodesmata and RNA-binding proteins in communication as well as their roles in molecular trafficking have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":372539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Research Journal of Agriculture","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114531165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Physical Methods on Date Fruits Insects and Microbes","authors":"M. Assous, W. El-Shafei, L. Lewaa, E. Gadalla","doi":"10.9734/arja/2022/v15i4362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arja/2022/v15i4362","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Siwi dates fruits are infected with many pests, which leads to a high deficiency in the quality and safety of dates. The study aimed to investigate the possibility of three physical methods (freezing, gamma radiation, and ozone) as suitable methods for pest control. \u0000Study Design: Original research. \u0000Place and Duration Study:  The study was conducted in Giza, Egypt in season 2021. \u0000Methodology: In the first method, the date fruits were frozen at -18⁰C at different times (15, 30, 60,120,180, 240,300, and 360 min). In the second method, the date fruits were exposed to gamma rays in different doses as 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 grays. In the third method, the date fruits were exposed to different ozone concentrations of 200, 400, 600, and 800 ppm at different exposure periods (1, 2, 3, and 4 hrs.). \u0000Results: The data showed that freezing at -18⁰C for 5 hrs, radiation at a dose of 700 grays, and ozone at 800ppm for 4 hrs controlled insect stages and the microbial load of the sample date fruits, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The obtained data revealed that freezing or ozone treatments were the suitable methods followed by radiation.","PeriodicalId":372539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Research Journal of Agriculture","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132260466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Ruminants Coccidiosis in High Altitude Region of Iran","authors":"Maryam Karimzadeh, G. Kojouri, H. Azizi, Yaser Pirali, B. Shiran","doi":"10.9734/arja/2022/v15i430174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arja/2022/v15i430174","url":null,"abstract":"Coccidiosis (Eimeria spp.) is a parasite disease in small ruminants that causes diarrhea and reduced economic benefits. The purpose of this epidemiological study was to use microscopical and molecular assays to detect coccidia prevalence and isolate species-specific Eimeria from sheep and goats kept in a common pan in the central Zagros region. This region is a mountainous and cold region which its southern counties are warmer than other districts. Throughout the course of several seasons, 1200 fecal samples were obtained from three age groups (less than six months, six to twelve months, and more than six months). Oocytes were counted using saturated saline floating and modified MacMaster techniques and the physical characteristics of sporulated Eimeria oocytes were used to identify them. Eimeria infection was shown to be more prevalent in sheep than in goats, with the highest prevalence in spring and the lowest in winter. Females and animals younger than 6 months were similarly found to be more susceptible to coccidiosis than males and older animals (P<0.05). In comparison to the southern area, the western and eastern counties had the highest rates of oocyst excretion in sheep and goats, respectively. In addition, a total of fourteen Eimeria species were isolated, including the highly pathogenic Eimeria granulosa for sheep and E. jolchijevi for goats. These findings explain how coccidia prevalence varies with age, season, and geographic direction, and use of PCR to rule out the possibility of co-infection between sheep and goats kept in the same stall.","PeriodicalId":372539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Research Journal of Agriculture","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128505696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Nitrogen Concentration on Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Sweet Potato (Ipomea Batatas [L.] Lam) Cultivated in Soilless Culture System","authors":"Yaseer Suhaimi, R. Izyani, N. Ismawaty, M. N. Effendi, Z. A. S. Nurzahidah, A. L. Z. Al-Asyraf, T. M. Faidhi, S. N. Safuraa","doi":"10.9734/arja/2022/v15i430173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arja/2022/v15i430173","url":null,"abstract":"The soilless culture system effectively promotes plant growth by facilitating water and nutrient uptake by plant roots. To increase sweet potato production (Ipomoea batatas), we developed containerized planting in which tuberous roots were grown in solid substrates in the polybags supplied with a nutrient solution through an irrigation system. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different nitrogen concentrations on sweet potato plant growth performance, yield, and tuber quality cultivated using a soilless culture system. The experimental setup included five treatments (T1-T5) with different levels of N (0-50-150-200-250 mg L-1), which were mixed in the nutrient solution, while P and K levels were held constant at 150 and 200 mg L-1 respectively. After three months of cultivation, there were significant differences between treatments in terms of plant growth performance, yield and tuber quality. Plants cultivated in the 250 mg L-1 of N showed the highest growth rate including plant height, shoot and leaves fresh weight, number of tillers, SPAD values, number of leaves, and diameter of tillers compared to other treatments. Data also revealed that the highest tuber yield was obtained from plants treated with 200 mg L-1 of N. Tuber harvested from the treatment of 200 mg L-1 of N showed the best quality in terms of Brix value, moisture content and tuber shape and length. Therefore, planting sweet potatoes using a soilless culture system is recommended with the application of 200 mg L-1 of N to obtain the optimum plant performance in terms of growth, yields, and tuber quality.","PeriodicalId":372539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Research Journal of Agriculture","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115870378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally Friendly Agent Against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda): Antifeedant Potency of Mentha spicata Aqueous Extracts","authors":"Emmanuel Peprah-Yamoah, E. Afrifa-Yamoah, H. Ofori, Eric Adua","doi":"10.9734/arja/2022/v15i430171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arja/2022/v15i430171","url":null,"abstract":"The rising trends of insect resistance, coupled with escalating environmental pollution from synthetic pesticides, heighten the need for a more effective and, non-hazardous agents to control insect/pests. Different aqueous extracts of Mentha spicata were screened for their phytochemical constituents and their antifeedant activities against Spodoptera frugiperda. Screening of the different aqueous extracts of Mentha spicata obtained by cold maceration revealed the presence of phenolics and tannins. The concentration of phenols and tannins in the water, glycerine, and glycerine plus water (glycerine-water) extracts were significantly different (p < 0.05). Mentha spicata water extract had a greater antifeedant activity against Spodoptera frugiperda as compared to glycerine and glycerine-water (60:40, v/v) extracts at a concentration of 5g/100 mL. The estimated % antifeedant activity recorded were 97 as against 8.21 and 49.81, respectively. Aqueous neem seed water extracts gave an estimated % antifeedant activity of 93.07 and it served as a control. Saponins were absent in all extracts and only water extracts had alkaloids present. The simple, non-hazardous, and cost-saving extraction method demonstrated could be applied in both commercial and subsistent farming to counteract the damnable effects of Spodoptera frugiperda infestation.","PeriodicalId":372539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Research Journal of Agriculture","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128529068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Assessment of Slaughter Slabs at the Central Slaughterhouse of Ado Ekiti","authors":"E. O. Arire, A. Sulaimon, C. Samuel","doi":"10.9734/arja/2022/v15i430172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arja/2022/v15i430172","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at assessing the presence of microbes in the selected slaughter slabs in other to inform the Animal scientists, Public health workers, Butchers and Meat vendors to know the risk pose to human health with contaminated meat. \u0000A total of 50 sterile swab sticks were used to collect the samples from five abattoir slaughter slabs surfaces in Ado-Ekiti central abattoir with ten swab samples from each slaughter slab. After collection the samples were immediately transported to laboratory for microbiological studies. Trypticase-soya-agar (TSA) was used as medium for the samples, while chloramphenicol was used in replacement to trophic bacteria and Sabouraud-glucosea-gar (SGA) for fungi. The incubation of Petri dishes were set at 37ºC for 48 – 72hrs while daily observation of the cultures were carried out with the use of stereoscopic microscope for the presence of fungal mycelium and or bacterial colonies. The results revealed that bacterial count mean value was 1.83 × 105 CFU/ml and fungal count mean value was 0.59 × 105 CFU/ml. A total of eight strains of bacteria comprises of gram positive and gram negative bacteria from all the samples were isolated, Staphylococcus aureus had the highest percentage of occurrences (33%), followed by Escherichia coli (26%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19%), while other prevalence bacteria have 5% each. In the fungi samples, isolation of four strains were carried out, from all the total fungal count, Aspergillus flavus had the highest number of occurrence with approximately 40%, Penicillium spp had 28%, and 8% occurrence for the lowest fungal count. It is shown in the study that the meat has higher contamination potential from the slaughter slab surfaces. With the result shown, contamination rate could be attributed to poor sanitation level, and proper measure and attention was not given to hygienic practices in the Central abattoir in Ado Ekiti. This then called for butchers education on the importance of practicing good hygiene, handling of meat with modern techniques and encouragement of good sanitation in the abattoirs.","PeriodicalId":372539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Research Journal of Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128743305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Two Unknown Pythium spp. without Forming Sexual Structures on Root Rot of Hydroponically Grown Welsh onion","authors":"S. Shimizu, M. Tojo","doi":"10.9734/arja/2022/v15i430170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/arja/2022/v15i430170","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Aim of this study was to elucidate association of Pythium isolates without forming sexual structures on root rot of hydroponically grown Welsh onion, as well as to clarify their taxonomic positions. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Commercial hydroponic greenhouses in Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, and Osaka Metropolitan University, between March 2020 and March 2021. \u0000Methodology: Total 2,966 isolates of Pythium-like organs were isolated from the plant roots during the survey period. All the isolates didn’t form any sexual organs, and were separated into three groups based on colony patterns on agar media such as cornmeal agar. Among of them, 236 isolates were equally selected from each three groups. Since two of the three groups were thought to be first records on Welsh onion, 17 representative isolates from the two groups were examined on morphology, hyphal growth response to temperatures and sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and mitochondrial COI. Inoculation tests were performed on Welsh onion seedlings under a hydroponic condition by using one representative isolate from each group. \u0000Results: The three groups were identified as Pythium Cluster B2a sp., B1d sp. and Clade A sp. on sequences of ITS and COI, respectively. Pythium isolates belonged to Pythium Cluster B1d and Clade A showed similar morphology and hyphal growth response to temperatures each other. Inoculation tests confirmed that both representative isolates from two groups cause roots rot of hydroponically grown Welsh onion 14 days after their inoculation. Pythium Cluster B1d showed stronger pathogenicity than Pythium Clade A. \u0000Conclusion: The present study firstly demonstrated that Pythium Cluster B1d sp. and Clade A sp. which don’t form any sexual structures associate root rot of hydroponically grown Welsh onion.","PeriodicalId":372539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Research Journal of Agriculture","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126746316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}