International Review of Social Research最新文献

{"title":"Academic Citizens: The case of Czech national student organization after the Velvet Revolution","authors":"Jiří Nantl","doi":"10.2478/irsr-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/irsr-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article analyzes the case of development of the national student organization in the Czech Republic in the context of the structuration theory of social movements. It finds that the Czech national student organization, at the beginning rather imposed in a top-down manner, has successfully established itself as an organization able, at a time, to channel relevant student interests. However, due to underlying logic of its own foundations, it has later become, over time, rather part of academic oligarchy, sharing its vested interests.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"55 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42501727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping students’ organizations in post-communist Romania: a structuration perspective","authors":"Viorel Proteasa, Liviu Andreescu, Vlad Botgros, Alexandra Dodiță","doi":"10.2478/irsr-2018-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/irsr-2018-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Who is who in Romanian student representation? In this article we answer this (apparently) simple question. We start with early 1990, when the Romanian campuses experienced ample changes – part of the societal transformations which swept over Central and Eastern Europe. Our ambitions in this text are twofold: (1) to construct a map of student federations in post-communist Romania, and (2) to identify and describe the waves of structuration of the field. In doing so, we revert to classical social theory and document the emergence of “organizational archetypes” of student representation. We identify two types of structuration, “bottom-up” and “top-down”. We find evidence regarding the resilience of the “bottom-up” organizational archetypes in relation to the successive attempts of “top-down” (re)structuration.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"35 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46448133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Hybridity in the USA exemplified by Tex-Mex cuisine","authors":"Małgorzata Martynuska","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2017-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2017-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article concerns the hybrid phenomenon of Tex-Mex cuisine which evolved in the U.S.-Mexico borderland. The history of the U.S.-Mexican border area makes it one of the world’s great culinary regions where different migrations have created an area of rich cultural exchange between Native Americans and Spanish, and then Mexicans and Anglos. The term ‘Tex-Mex’ was previously used to describe anything that was half-Texan and half-Mexican and implied a long-term family presence within the current boundaries of Texas. Nowadays, the term designates the Texan variety of something Mexican; it can apply to music, fashion, language or cuisine. Tex-Mex foods are Americanised versions of Mexican cuisine describing a spicy combination of Spanish, Mexican and Native American cuisines that are mixed together and adapted to American tastes. Tex-Mex cuisine is an example of Mexicanidad that has entered American culture and is continually evolving.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"90 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46295304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile Eating: A Cultural Perspective","authors":"J. Botterill","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over 80 percent of North Americans regularly eat in the car, yet neither mobility literature nor expanding discussions of food cultures focus on the practice. Two studies shed light on eating in the car. First, North American’s distinct, dynamic, and embedded mobile food infrastructure is outlined via discussion of noteworthy innovations - from the 19th century dining car to the 21st century drive thru - that food entrepreneurs constructed to facilitate eating on the go. Second, four exploratory focus groups investigate the meanings and practices drivers associate with eating in the car. Together findings suggest that eating in the car is compromised by the demands of accelerating modernity. Framing eating in the car as simply another facet of an obesity crisis, as culinary preference, or personal choice and responsibility limits full understanding of the cultural anxieties, environmental and health risks surrounding this widespread food practice.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"71 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49016743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race, Femininity and Food: Femininity and the Racialization of Health and Dieting","authors":"Mary Igenoza","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2017-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2017-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract ‘Femininity as Portrayed within Western Society’ is a research study that explored the ways in which femininity, what Moi (1989) defined as a set of cultural attributes assigned to the female sex, is racialized within western culture. To uncover black and white women’s racialized perceptions of femininity a total of 42 women, 22 black and 20 white women were interviewed for this research. This paper will highlight the ways in which the discipline of diet is practised within the homes of white and black women in their endeavours reflect and perform femininity. With the white respondents, the message that is communicated within their homes, through the everyday practice of their mother’s eating, was that dieting was perceived and learnt as the ‘normal’ way to eat. Within the homes of the black respondents, however, food, rather than being something that was restricted, was about sociability, something to be shared out and enjoyed.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"109 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43310322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambivalent food experiences: Healthy eating and food changes in the lives of Ikojts with diabetes","authors":"Laura Montesi","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2017-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2017-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Concern about how their diet has changed is central to how the Ikojts, a Mexican indigenous people, explain their deteriorating health conditions and the rise of diabetes in particular. However, medical advice on “healthy” eating is largely disregarded and, sometimes, even defiantly challenged. Through an examination of food memories and of the food (dis)encounters that the diabetic diet provokes, I cast light on this seemingly ironic contradiction. Based on one year of fieldwork, this article argues that a healthy diet is a shared discursive social practice that enables the articulation of (sometimes radically) different understandings of food and health. The analysis of people’s ambivalent attitudes to healthy eating in times of diabetes reveals that, for the Ikojts, diabetes includes but also transcends healthy eating as a form of individual responsibility. Indeed, diabetes is symptomatic of larger societal issues originating from a rapidly changing context.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"108 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/irsr-2017-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41952197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifting Food Consciousness: Homesteading Blogs and The Inner Work of Food","authors":"A. Lundahl","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2017-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2017-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the often overlooked work of growing food at home as food justice activism. It explores several questions, including: is home food production food activism/social justice work? How accessible is at-home food production? What are the assumptions and claims made by people who produce food at home, and what challenges do they face? Using an ecowomanist theoretical framework, the article analyzes blog posts written by four homesteading bloggers. It argues two points: that growing food at home shifts and develops a food consciousness, which leads to a more just relationship with food, and that the bloggers engage in intentional food production practices in order to bring more awareness to their individual interactions with all parts of the food system.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"80 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47241147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction Contemporary food practices. Spaces of food production and consumption","authors":"Anda Georgiana Becuţ, Egil Petter Stræte","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2017-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2017-0008","url":null,"abstract":"and distinction, reflect the identity, lifestyle, status, class, gender, age and capital of each human being. This IRSR special number dedicated to contemporary food practices includes five interesting articles, three of them focused mainly on the space of food production and consumption. The last two articles will present the daily food constrains and their implication in the food choices and social identity for people with different heath issues. The opening article of this issue, Mobile Eating: A Cultural Perspective, tackles the contemporary theme of mobility, seldom used in the food studies. The author highlights the high percentage of North Americans who eat and drink in their car and connects their practices with the mobile food infrastructure, with important roots in the American traveling history. Eating in the car may be explained by the need to be mobile, the pressure of time but also through habits related to fast-food eating or by the American car culture. Though eating in the car is perceived as a bad habit, especially in contrast with home eating, it provides a convenience that promised to extend time through multi-tasking. The author includes the practice of eating in the car as part of the fast-food system and highlights the risks associated with it, such as distracted driving, obesity and excessive environmental waste The second article, Shifting Food Consciousness: Homesteading Blogs and the Inner Work of Food Justice, brings us to another contemporary issue, the food activism or the social justice work. The author uses an ecowomanist theoretical framework and analyzes blog posts written by four homesteading bloggers. Home produced food is considered an alternative for industrialized food and it is part of the local production of food. The author presents four case studies of women who have chosen the domestic work as a lifestyle, in the search of living a more ‘authentic’ life but also as a form of self-care and healing process. The third article, Cultural Hybridity in the USA exemplified by Tex-Mex cuisine Race, Femininity and Food, explores the one of the world’s great culinary regions, the U.S.-Mexican border area. The author uses the concepts of acculturation, hybridization and transculturation in DOI 10.1515/irsr-2017-0008","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"69 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47770987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food and cultural omnivorism: a reflexive discussion on otherness, interculturality and cosmopolitanism","authors":"Joana A. Pellerano, V. Riegel","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2017-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2017-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper is part of the research project “Cosmopolitismos juvenis no Brasil” (Youth Cosmopolitanisms in Brazil), partner of the international research project “Cultures Juveniles à l’ ère de la globalization”. Our aim for this paper is to understand the connection between food and cosmopolitan experiences, discussing two main perspectives of omnivorism studies - (1) that cultural omnivorism cause long-term indifference for cultural diversity; and (2) that this omnivorism indicates only intercultural curiosity translated into specific distinctive capital in fields of power - and the possibility of these visions of cultural omnivorism turn into a reflexive view of the Other. We applied empirical and bibliographic research, including qualitative research with Brazilians aged between 18 and 24 years who are living in the city of São Paulo, and theoretical reflections related to the fields of food and cultural studies, covering omnivorism, otherness and cosmopolitanism. In the case of the first perspective, there is no possibility of connection to otherness, hence, to cosmopolitanism. The analysis of the second perspective shows that it is possible to find threats of distinction connected to cultural and food omnivorism. Therefore, it is still necessary to develop further studies to understand the reflexive dimension of cosmopolitanism within cultural and food consumption.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"13 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/irsr-2017-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42456348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction. Food history and identity: Food and eating practices as elements of cultural heritage, identity and social creativity","authors":"A. Becuț, K. L. Puerto","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2017-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2017-0001","url":null,"abstract":"interact (Mikkelsen, 2011; Ayora-Diaz, 2012). By framing eating as a social practice, the second body of work proposes a pragmatic approach to food consumption. It focuses on the dynamics of social action, in particular, on how practices change, the temporal and contextual structure of social activities, and the tension between routine and reflexivity (Dubuisson-Quellier and Plessz, 2013; Warde, 2016). The significance of this kind of knowledge lies in the comprehensive insights it can provide with regards to food-related policy interventions, and most particularly for those policies intending to tackle food insecurity and social inequalities or to induce sustainable behavioural changes in their struggle against the so-called “lifestyle diseases” (also known as diseases of longevity or of civilization namely diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases). By drawing on the vast breeding ground of Social Theory, sociological and anthropological approaches have brought in the food studies a more complex reading on the relationships between food, social structure and the symbolic universe. In the wake of some classics in Social Theory having questioned the innate nature of taste and preference, documented how eating is an activity regulated by social conventions and moral rules and shown how food and social prestige are interrelated (Bourdieu, 1979; Elias, 1997; Halbwachs, 1964), food choices and eating habits are now conceived as related to phenomena of sociability and social binding, the construction of collective identities beneath which lie logics of social distinction and the organisation of life in society (Régnier, Lhuissier and Gojard, 2006; Brulotte and Di Giovine, 2014). Moreover, in the light of recent empirical studies that have applied a life-course perspective to food choice (Bisogni et al., 2005; Devine, 2005; Plessz et al., 2016, Lurbe I Puerto, 2017), eating practices have been shown to hardly remain static in a person’s life-course. Biographical transitions and turning points in life, such DOI 10.1515/irsr-2017-0001","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/irsr-2017-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49243408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}