Portuguese Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Book Review","authors":"C. Sakellarides","doi":"10.1159/000530457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000530457","url":null,"abstract":"As the name suggests, this work by João Martins e Silva, a retired Full Professor of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon, and its former director, has as its main objective the detailed study – determinants, context, evolutionary process, responses, and consequences – of the bubonic plague epidemic that took place in the city of Porto in the last half of 1899. But, in fact, this work is much more than that. It is a detailed, well-documented, and informative account of the history of the great “pestilences” – the great threats to Public Health – from antiquity to the end of the 19th century, in search of manifestations of what is recognized as plague epidemics: a wave of people who become seriously ill in a community, with swellings in the lymph nodes, particularly in the groin, but also in the armpits – the “buboes” – preceded by the appearance of a substantial quantity of dead rats, in that same community (greatly simplifying). Hence, the characterization of the three historically identifiable plague pandemics was as follows: the “Plague of Justinian,” in the middle of the first millennium after Christ, the “Black Death,” in the 14th century, and the third that hit Europe in the 19th century. The Porto epidemic of 1899 was the last clear manifestation of this third pandemic in Europe. This is also the story of the genesis of the “microbiological theory of disease,” from the first microscopic observations of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) to the microbiological work of Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) and his collaborators in France and the team of Robert Koch (1843–1910) in Germany. It is always fascinating to observe how difficult it was to overcome entrenched explanatory conceptions such as the miasmatic origin of a disease or the “spontaneous generation” (non-transmission) of pathogens. In this context, follows the identification of the plague bacillus by a collaborator of Pasteur, Alexandre Yersin (1863–1943), a Swiss doctor and researcher of French origin, when already living in Indochina, goes to Hong Kong, in the grip of the plague epidemic, and identifies Yersinia pestis (1894). And then came the vaccine and the anti-plague serum. Four years later, Paul-Louis Simond (1858–1947) discovered the transmission mechanism, from infected rats to humans, via fleas. Finally, there is Europe, Portugal, and Porto. A bipolar world: great progress in the sciences, arts, technology, new forms of communication and transport on the one hand, and, on the other, poverty, insalubrity, unemployment, often miserable living conditions, crass ignorance of much of the population, with the singular backwardness of the institutions of public administration, education, health, and government (“cemeterial city” as Ricardo Jorge called his city, due to its insalubrity and health indices lower than those of other cities of his time). The work articulately describes the main ingredients of the events concerning the plague epidemic in the city of Oporto in","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"41 1","pages":"162 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43643564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological, Social, and Economic Burden of COVID-19: A Comparison of Polish and Portuguese Young Adults.","authors":"Sylwia Frączek, Lara Noronha Ferreira","doi":"10.1159/000530673","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000530673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all societies, and its effects relate not only to physical health but also to mental health, social relations, and the economic situation of the population all over the world. This research aims at studying the perceptions of changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in mental health, economic situation, and social relations among Polish and Portuguese young. The present study also sought to assess the perception of change during the pandemic in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Polish and Portuguese young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of young adults (aged 18-29) from Poland (<i>n</i> = 330) and Portugal (<i>n</i> = 189) filled in an online questionnaire composed of the EQ-5D-5L, some questions from the SHARE COVID-19 questionnaire regarding mental health, social relations, and economic situation, and sociodemographic details. Descriptive analyses, χ² tests, Student's <i>t</i> test, and Fisher's exact test were used to study the existence of differences between Poles and Portuguese.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost 2 years after the beginning of the pandemic, Polish and Portuguese respondents reported a perceived lower level of HRQoL in comparison to the times before the outbreak of COVID-19. Both Polish and Portuguese respondents perceived an increase in sleeping problems since the outbreak and in loneliness. Respondents from both countries reported a perception of a decrease in the frequency of meeting other people and a perceived economic deterioration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate what factors are contributing to the worsening of the general living situation of the respondents and show that governments and health authorities should, in addition to the medical consequences of the virus, take the necessary measures to mitigate the long-term consequences of the virus. Authorities should, as well, pay special attention to the group of young adults who, in this uncertain time, are trying to make the most important decisions for their development.</p>","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"34-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11320649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65303735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Some Protection Aspects of 10 Latin American and Caribbean Countries.","authors":"Jesus D C Gil, Pedro Manuel Vargues Aguiar","doi":"10.1159/000530093","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000530093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Latin America has registered cases in children under 14 years of age, which seem few compared to older age groups but are relevant since the child and youth population have been indirectly receiving the most decisive impact of the pandemic. Ensuring the most significant protection for this age group is essential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an ecological study of 10 Latin American and the Caribbean countries to study protecting children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the information from UNICEF, a coverage analysis was done, and a new variable score was proposed. Also, a multiple linear regression model was tailored to evaluate the relationship between confirmed cases by 100k of COVID-19 (0-14 year population) and the performance of the countries and some key indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A strong and statistically significant correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.79; <i>p</i> value 0.005) between the increased coverage of child helplines and a greater number of school closures. Relationship of confirmed cases by COVID-19 and stringency index with a coef B = -2163.6, [CI -3122.1; -1205.1]; <i>p</i> value = 0.010. Cases and healthcare access with a coef B = -17459.7, [CI -25630.1; -9289.5].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Experts say other pandemics will come, and this emergency must be turned into an opportunity. It is vital to strengthen protection programs for the population, especially vulnerable people, such as children and young people.Resumo.</p>","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11320632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65303429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Quantification of the Carbon Footprint of the Portuguese National Health Service: A Positive but Insufficient Step Forward.","authors":"Eduardo Costa, Diogo Conceição, Francisco Von Hafe, Christopher Millett","doi":"10.1159/000530426","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000530426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"41 1","pages":"81-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11320636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47964764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health, Clinical Governance, and Governance for Health and Well-Being.","authors":"Victor Ramos","doi":"10.1159/000530024","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000530024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11320648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65303365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instruments for Assessing Loneliness in Older People in Portugal: A Scoping Review: Instrumentos de avaliação da solidão em adultos mais velhos em Portugal: uma scoping review.","authors":"Rita Carvalho, Liliana Sousa, João Tavares","doi":"10.1159/000529147","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000529147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Loneliness is a public health problem that affects many older adults. The subjective nature of loneliness challenges its assessment. Thus, assessing loneliness with valid and reliable instruments is crucial to characterizing the phenomenon and planning adequate interventions.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This study mapped the instruments validated for the Portuguese older population that assess loneliness. A scoping review was performed. The search for studies was carried out in SciELO, PsycInfo, Scopus, MEDLINE, MedicLatina, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, CINAHL, and Open Access Scientific Repositories of Portugal. The findings showed three instruments validated for the Portuguese older population: ULS-16, ULS-6, and SELSA-S.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Future testing of those instruments is required to update and accumulate psychometric evidence. In addition, it is important to translate and validate other instruments to the Portuguese older adults population, namely de Jong Gierveld and UCLA-R (most used internationally), as well as the ALONE scale (new and brief).</p>","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"45-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11320651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42023322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enablers and Barriers of Healthcare Services for Community-Dwelling Elderly in Rural Indonesia: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis: Facilitadores e barreiras dos serviços de saúde para os idosos das comunidades nas zonas rurais da Indonésia: uma síntese qualitativa das provas.","authors":"Budi Aji, Siti Masfiah, Dian Anandari, Arih Diyaning Intiasari, Dyah Anantalia Widyastari","doi":"10.1159/000530047","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000530047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Healthcare services for elderly populations in Indonesia have been arranged in both institutional and community services. However, only a small number of elderly individuals reside in this residential aged care home setting because of cultural norms in Indonesian communities. Poor health infrastructure is still the main constraint, particularly in rural communities, although they have the adequate social capital to deal with restrictions. It is important to explore the existing implementation of healthcare services for elderly populations in rural Indonesia to shed light on appropriate policy interventions. This review aimed to identify and synthesize relevant evidence in Indonesia regarding the barriers and enablers of healthcare for elderly individuals in rural settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a qualitative evidence synthesis method. The search strategy aimed to locate published studies. An initial limited search of PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL was conducted to identify articles on the topic that were published in English from 2010 to 2020. A meta-aggregation approach was used to pool qualitative study findings, employing JBI SUMARI software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four synthesized statements emerged from the study analysis: (1) integration needs among institutional and community-based healthcare for elderly people in rural areas, (2) the quality of integrated health services for elderly populations must be improved, (3) community support will improve and ensure the sustainability and implementation of community-based healthcare for elderly populations, and (4) community and family awareness must be improved to support care for the elderly. These were substantial insights that can be used to address key challenges in existing healthcare services and improve the system by considering specific features of enablers and barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A collaboration between communities, healthcare institutions, families, and government authorities was needed to support the success of the program and maintain the sustainability of services, which will result in adequate healthcare for the elderly population and improved health overall in rural Indonesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"65-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11320630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48066647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000530515","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000530515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1159/000527722.].</p>","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"41 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Information Leaflets of Drugs Used in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Suitability for Use by Older Persons.","authors":"Margarida Espírito-Santo, Tânia Nascimento, Ezequiel Pinto, M Dulce Estêvão","doi":"10.1159/000528664","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000528664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the European Union, all medicines must include appropriate labelling and the respective patient information leaflet (PIL), which is the most reachable source of medicine's information for patients. This document includes a set of information understandable by their potential users and complementary to the information provided by health professionals. The ageing of the Portuguese population raises the need for the appropriateness of medicine's information for older consumers, taking into account their specific needs arising from physiological changes impacting drug action. This project aimed to analyse the content of medicines' PILs, specifically directed at older persons. A sample of medicines was selected considering the 100 active substances more consumed in Portugal by patients with chronic pathologies such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. The analysis included readability, legibility, and content (directly and indirectly related to the use of medicines by older persons). A total of 69 PILs were analysed, and it was observed that the information provided about the drugs was included in most of these PILs (95.7%; <i>n</i> = 66) but without any specific information for patients belonging to different age groups. Signalling-specific warnings for older persons were only available in less than half of the PILs (46.4%; <i>n</i> = 32). The presence of relevant information on the appropriate use of the drug such as the recommended dose was only specified for older persons in 28% (<i>n</i> = 19) of the analysed PILs. The information available in PILs which can be considered as specifically directed to older persons is relatively scarce, even in areas as critical as the instructions for use. Hopefully, these results will contribute to increasing awareness regarding the need to adapt PILs' content to specific consumers and to test them to guarantee that they are adequate for all potential consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42082879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thanks to Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000528679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000528679","url":null,"abstract":"<br />Port J Public Health 2022;40:204","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"113 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138515195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}