Atmospheric Environment: X最新文献

{"title":"Air quality in the Canary Islands: A geographical, climatic, and health-based approach","authors":"Jordan Correa,&nbsp;Pedro Dorta Antequera","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyses air quality in the Canary Islands between 2009 and 2024, being the first to simultaneously examine five pollutants: PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂, and O₃. The research focus is justified by the archipelago's proximity to the Sahara Desert, its high vehicle density, and the recent decommissioning of major industrial sources, including an oil refinery and a thermal power plant in Tenerife. Hourly data from 76 stations of the <em>Canary Islands Air Quality Control and Monitoring Network</em> were combined with daily meteorological observations from 22 stations and ECMWF satellite reanalysis, including temperature, humidity, wind, and the altitude of the characteristic subsidence thermal inversion. Correlations, multivariate models, and an <em>XGBoost</em> machine learning model were applied to evaluate the influence of meteorological conditions on pollutant concentrations. Results show a marked increase in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 during Saharan dust intrusions, particularly in winter, when dust is transported at low altitudes, significantly deteriorating air quality. In contrast, SO₂ and NO₂ concentrations have decreased substantially since 2009 (−51% and −27%, respectively), reflecting reduced industrial emissions and moderate improvements in urban mobility, although peak traffic episodes still cause localized pollution in Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. O₃ levels remain low and are primarily modulated by meteorological factors, including the altitude of the subsidence inversion and the dispersive effect of trade winds. The subsidence thermal inversion is confirmed as the main predictor of particle and primary pollutant accumulation, while periods of high temperatures and low humidity amplify simultaneous exposure to multiple pollutants, posing elevated public health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a low emission zone in improving air quality in Barcelona","authors":"Vanessa N. dos Santos ,&nbsp;Laia Font-Ribera ,&nbsp;Marc Rico ,&nbsp;Jordi Massagué ,&nbsp;Núria Nebra ,&nbsp;Eva Pérez ,&nbsp;Anna Gómez-Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Ioar Rivas ,&nbsp;Xavier Querol ,&nbsp;Xavier Basagaña","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A low emission zone (LEZ) was implemented in the Barcelona metropolitan area in 2020, concurrently with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We used a synthetic control method to estimate the impacts of the LEZ on NO₂, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations in Barcelona, accounting for the effects of COVID-19 and other underlying trends, in addition to meteorology and desert dust outbreaks. Results showed that the LEZ reduced annual mean NO₂ concentrations by 7.6 μg/m³ (95% CI: 6.7, 8.5 μg/m³) at traffic stations, and by 4.5 μg/m³ (95% CI: 3.7, 5.3 μg/m³) at urban background stations. The LEZ was less effective in reducing PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations. These results indicate that the LEZ in Barcelona was effective in reducing NO₂ concentrations, while the effects on PM were more uncertain, probably due to the major secondary PM origin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro toxicity of car and train brake wear emissions using Air-Liquid Interface and submerged exposure models","authors":"Ana Teresa Juárez-Facio ,&nbsp;Micol Introna ,&nbsp;Andrea Montano Montes ,&nbsp;Lucas Bard ,&nbsp;Alessandro Mancini ,&nbsp;Bozhena Tsyupa ,&nbsp;Minghui Tu ,&nbsp;N.V. Srikanth Vallabani ,&nbsp;Hanna L. Karlsson ,&nbsp;Ulf Olofsson ,&nbsp;Sarah S. Steimer ,&nbsp;Karine Elihn","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric distribution and exposure implications of heavy metals around industrial, mining, and slum areas in Liberia","authors":"Anthony Saah Tengbeh ,&nbsp;Ismail Olawale Akande ,&nbsp;Chideraa Courage Offor ,&nbsp;Prosper Manu Abdulai ,&nbsp;John Kanayochukwu Nduka ,&nbsp;Chiara Frazzoli ,&nbsp;Orish Ebere Orisakwe","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the distribution, sources, and health risks of airborne As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in industrial, mining, and urban slum areas of Liberia. Eighty-one total suspended particulate samples were collected at source locations and at 100 m and 500 m distances. Metal concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, with multivariate analysis, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), and Monte Carlo simulation applied for source apportionment and uncertainty assessment. The mining zone recorded the highest metal concentrations, including arsenic (0.102 mg/m³), lead (1.002 mg/m³), cadmium (0.016 mg/m³), and mercury (0.008 mg/m³). Metal concentrations declined significantly with distance, stabilizing at ≥100 m, where reductions of 55–80% were observed relative to the source.</div><div>Non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that As, Cd, Pb, and Hg posed no significant health risk (HQ &lt; 1) for both adults and children, although children exhibited relatively higher HQ values, suggesting greater vulnerability. Carcinogenic risks for As, Cd, and Pb remained below the permissible threshold (CR = 1.1 × 10⁻⁶–8.4 × 10⁻⁶), while Monte Carlo simulations confirmed risk stability, with exposure following the order industrial &gt; mining &gt; slum which reflects the differences in exposure frequency, population density, and intensity of human activities rather than concentration levels alone. Although current risks are minimal, continued unregulated emissions could pose long-term health concerns. Regular air quality monitoring and enforcing ≥100-m buffer zones around mining and industrial sites are recommended, alongside further research on seasonal and cumulative exposure pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Aviation Fuels and their impact in commercial airport operation","authors":"Leandro B. Magalhães ,&nbsp;Luís F.F.M. Santos ,&nbsp;Ana F. Ferreira ,&nbsp;André R. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With global air traffic projected to grow annually by approximately 3.8%, the aviation sector faces increasing pressure to implement effective strategies for mitigating its environmental impact, particularly with respect to greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable Aviation Fuels represent a critical pathway for decarbonizing aviation by offering a lower-emission alternative to conventional jet fuels. This study evaluates the environmental impact of SAFs on specific operational phases of flight, with a focus on the landing and take-off cycle. A case study was conducted at Lisbon Airport using real aircraft movement data over a one-week period. Emissions were calculated by correlating aircraft engine types with data from the ICAO Engine Exhaust Emissions Databank. The analysis identifies the most emission-intensive flight phase, the most polluting fleet, and evaluates the potential GHG reductions achievable through the use of various SAF pathways. Additionally, operational alternatives for reducing emissions during the taxi phase, including APU management strategies, are examined. The results provide actionable insights into the role of SAFs in reducing airport-level emissions and support targeted interventions for more sustainable airport operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical mechanisms distinguishing severe-weather-producing and non–severe-weather-producing precipitation in Northern Thailand's pre-monsoon environment","authors":"Nattapon Mahavik","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe pre-monsoon convection in northern Thailand frequently produces damaging winds and hail, yet the physical mechanisms that distinguish severe-weather-producing environments from ordinary rainfall remain poorly understood. This study analyzes 222 pre-monsoon days (2015–2024) across nine provinces using 00 UTC radiosonde soundings and ERA5 synoptic composites to identify the atmospheric controls that separate Severe-Weather-Producing Events (SWPE) from non-severe counterparts (NSWPE). Among 34 thermodynamic and kinematic parameters evaluated, convective inhibition (CIN) emerges as the strongest discriminator: SWPE environments exhibit substantially stronger mixed-layer inhibition, consistent with a tropical “loaded-gun” profile in which delayed initiation allows instability to accumulate before explosive deep convection occurs. In contrast, CAPE shows limited separability between the two regimes. Storm-producing environments also feature enhanced downdraft potential (higher DCAPE) and a distinctive vertical wind-speed structure characterized by weaker low-level flow but markedly stronger upper-tropospheric winds, highlighting the importance of divergent outflow and jet coupling. ERA5 composites reveal coherent synoptic-scale differences, including strengthened circulation along the Thailand–Myanmar corridor and enhanced lower-tropospheric warming coupled with mid-tropospheric cooling during SWPE days. Together, these results demonstrate that capping strength, downdraft potential, and upper-level dynamical support—not buoyancy magnitude alone—are the key physical mechanisms distinguishing severe from non-severe pre-monsoon convection. The findings underscore the operational value of CIN- and DCAPE-based diagnostics for severe-weather forecasting in tropical Southeast Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric ammonia concentration measurements in Japanese laying hen buildings and modeling for emission inventory","authors":"T. Yoshida ,&nbsp;G. Katata ,&nbsp;H. Kuroda ,&nbsp;N. Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric ammonia (NH₃) from livestock contributes to PM2.5 formation and nitrogen loading in watersheds. Although chemical transport models often adopt the emission factor (<em>EF</em>) and monthly variation coefficient (<em>M</em>_<em>f</em>) from European NH₃ emission inventories due to the limited availability of direct measurement data worldwide, their applicability to Asian countries remains unknown. In this study, we observed the spatial distributions and diurnal changes in NH₃ concentrations within windowless laying hen buildings during May–October of 2022 and 2023. The observed spatial distribution showed that the major drivers of monthly NH₃ emissions were air temperature and ventilation rate. Moreover, NH₃ concentrations changed depending on the number of days after manure removal according to the diurnal observations. A regression analysis was conducted using observed temperature, ventilation rate, and manure removal to develop a statistical model for estimating NH₃ emission rates based on ambient temperature data. Subsequently, model application to the different climatic conditions were performed by using the typical monthly mean air temperature from the surface weather databases at several major poultry production cities in Japan. The results demonstrated that the calculated <em>EF</em> in Japan varied substantially (0.11–0.52 kgNH₃ y⁻¹ head⁻¹) depending on air temperature, whereas that in the Netherlands remained near the lowest values. The summertime <em>M</em>_<em>f</em> was higher in Japan than that in the Netherlands, suggesting differences in climate and manure management systems between Japan and Europe. To improve the accuracy of livestock emission inventories, further observations for NH₃ emission rate estimates are required for other sources, such as manure storage and land application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute exposure to fine ambient particulate matter and pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis: A case-crossover study","authors":"Stephen P. Colegate ,&nbsp;Erika Rasnick Manning ,&nbsp;Andrew Vancil ,&nbsp;Ziyun Wang ,&nbsp;Marepalli Rao ,&nbsp;Emrah Gecili ,&nbsp;Anushka Palipana ,&nbsp;Patrick Ryan ,&nbsp;Rhonda D. Szczesniak ,&nbsp;Cole Brokamp","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, increased exposure to PM_2.5 (particulate matter &lt;2.5 μm in diameter) has been linked to more frequent pulmonary exacerbations, yet the timing of exposure that presents the greatest exacerbation risk remains uncertain. Our study investigated whether short-term increases in ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) contribute to exacerbation risk in individuals with CF. We analyzed data from 108 participants across 17 U.S. clinical sites enrolled in the Early Intervention in Cystic Fibrosis Exacerbation study (October 2011–July 2015), who recorded forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) measurements at least twice weekly. Exacerbation cases were identified via the FEV₁ indicated exacerbation signal (FIES), defined as a ≥10 % predicted decline in FEV₁. Daily 24-h average PM_2.5 concentrations were estimated at the residential ZIP code using a high-resolution spatiotemporal exposure model. A time-stratified case-crossover design modeled exacerbation onset and PM_2.5 exposure, controlled for temperature, relative humidity, and holiday impacts. We analyzed 6936 FEV₁ observations yielding 1432 exacerbation cases, averaging 7.7 cases per person-year, matched to 4794 control dates in the same year, month, and day of the week. Increased exacerbation risk occurred one (OR: 1.18; 95 % CI: 1.02–1.36), two (OR: 1.20; 95 % CI: 1.04–1.40), and three (OR: 1.23; 95 % CI: 1.05–1.43) days after PM_2.5 exposure, but not on the day of onset (OR: 1.07; 95 % CI: 0.92–1.25). Integrating home-monitored lung function with hyperlocal exposure estimates provides improved temporal resolution for detecting acute environmental triggers and may inform early intervention strategies in CF care.</div><div>e-ICE clinical trial registered with <span><span>www.clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (NCT01104402).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using low-cost sensors for source attribution and health assessment: An air quality study in Brownsville, Texas","authors":"Sai Deepak Pinakana ,&nbsp;Kabir Bahadur Shah ,&nbsp;Daniel Jaffe ,&nbsp;Juan L. Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Owen Temby ,&nbsp;Gabriel Ibarra-Mejia ,&nbsp;Amit U. Raysoni","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air quality monitoring remains a challenge in areas lacking or having sparse federal monitoring infrastructure, posing significant barriers to public health research. This study demonstrates the usage of low-cost sensors in addressing gaps in air quality monitoring, source attribution, and health risk assessment in a Brownsville, TX neighborhood impacted by emissions from a barite and celestite mineral processing unit. PM_2.5 concentrations were measured using PurpleAir sensors deployed across three residential locations, with the site nearest to the processing unit recording a 24-h averaged PM_2.5 concentration of 25.12 μg/m³—approximately 2.79 times higher than the nearest Texas Commission of Environmental Quality (TCEQ) CAMS (Continuous Ambient Monitoring Station) site. Indoor air quality was also evaluated in two of the residential units to characterize the influence of outdoor pollution on indoor microenvironment. The local wind data was used to conduct source attribution, and the results suggested that the mineral processing entity located south of the neighborhood was the likely source of particulate pollution in this middle-income neighborhood. A health risk assessment for PM_2.5 exposure was conducted, and the results indicate a hazard quotient level below unity, suggesting low-risk non-carcinogenic effects on the community. This study underscores the pivotal role of low-cost sensors in generating localized air quality data, and their potential to support ameliorative evidence-based interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of filter rod structure on aerosol particle size distribution in electrically heated cigarettes","authors":"Jinfeng Wu ,&nbsp;Yihan Gao ,&nbsp;Huaquan Sheng ,&nbsp;Changguo Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Fei ,&nbsp;Cheng Liu ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Guo ,&nbsp;Lijun Zhu ,&nbsp;Peicai Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-uniform and unstable particle size distributions in heated cigarette aerosols compromise the reliability of risk assessment outcomes and the quality of the smoke. This study utilized an electrically heated cigarette model to clarify how filter rod structure governs aerosol particle size distribution, which then addressed a fundamental gap in understanding how structural parameters affect aerosol evolution. Employing the SCS-DMS500 system and a controlled variable approach, the particle size distribution of aerosols from heated tobacco products was tested across varying filter segment lengths (8–24 mm) and three cooling segment structures (hollow, Collins, folded paper). Results revealed a clear competition between interception and coalescence mechanisms: within the filter segments, increasing length progressively elevated the count median diameter (CMD) while reducing number concentration (NC) and volume concentration (VC) by 48 % and 18.8 %, respectively, due to enhanced adsorptive capture. By contrast, cooling segment geometry exerted a fundamentally different form of control: Collins and folded paper filter rods yielded substantially smaller particles with higher number concentrations compared to hollow-core designs. A distinctive length-dependent reduction in CMD was observed specifically with folded paper filter rods. This study establishes the first mechanistic framework for regulating aerosol particle size through composite filter design, offering theoretical support for employing low-retention, low-coagulation control strategies aimed at reducing respiratory exposure risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}