Atmospheric Environment: X最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Performance assessment and deployment of a low-cost device for urban air quality monitoring in a developing country” [Atmos. Environ.: X 28 (2025) 100386]","authors":"Anuva Bhowmick, Louise Olsen-Kettle, Yali Li, Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon, Narin Boontanon","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100466","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148587594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussion on “Area source emissions: a validation study of CALPUFF and LAPMOD models”","authors":"Roberto Bellasio,&nbsp;Roberto Bianconi","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the study by Tagliaferri et al. (2025) two air dispersion models for passive gases (CALPUFF and LAPMOD) have been validated against the release from area sources. We acknowledge the importance to validate those models – and others – with area sources, however, we believe that the datasets used by Tagliaferri et al. (2025) are not adequate because they describe the release of LNG (liquefied natural gas) on water. Indeed, due to its cryogenic boiling point, LNG behaves as a denser-than-air gas, and its fate cannot be correctly described by models developed for simulating the dispersion of passive gases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148230732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cleaner household coal combustion and emissions performance of a semi-continuous cookstove","authors":"Ntsitlola F. Nthatisi,&nbsp;Hein WJP. Neomagus,&nbsp;Frikkie H. Conradie,&nbsp;John R. Bunt,&nbsp;Stuart Piketh","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional cookstoves in developing regions exhibit low thermal efficiency and elevated emissions, contributing to environmental and health concerns. This study experimentally investigates an enhanced cross-draft semi-continuous cookstove within the South African context. The stove incorporates a grate-shaking mechanism designed to prevent ash accumulation and maintain airflow during combustion. Four types of South African bituminous coal (A, B, C, and D) were evaluated under high and low-power operating conditions to assess thermal performance and emission characteristics. The results indicate that high-power conditions produced greater firepower and cooking power, whereas low-power operation yielded higher thermal efficiency for selected coal types. Type A exhibited the highest emissions of CO₂, CO, and PM, while Type D showed comparatively lower emissions. SO₂ and NOx emissions increased under high-power conditions, consistent with temperature-dependent sulphur and nitrogen reaction pathways. Notably, the overall PM emissions of 6.8–13.5 g/kg were substantially lower than values reported in the literature for comparable coal-based cookstoves. Temperature stratification between the hopper and combustion chamber influenced overall stove performance, with sustained thermal stability observed during semi-continuous operation. The grate-shaking mechanism was necessary to maintain combustion stability by mitigating ash accumulation and ensuring consistent airflow through the fuel bed. Compared to traditional cookstoves, the proposed design demonstrates reduced emissions and sustained combustion performance. These findings contribute to the advancement of cleaner coal combustion technologies and energy-efficient household cooking solutions in coal-dependent regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147602472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding ozone pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei: A machine learning approach to disentangling meteorological and anthropogenic drivers","authors":"Xiaoyong Liu ,&nbsp;Hang Liu ,&nbsp;Fangcheng Su ,&nbsp;Dan Yao ,&nbsp;Hongrui Li ,&nbsp;Jiqiang Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropospheric ozone (O₃) pollution poses a significant challenge in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. This study leverages a multi-model machine learning ensemble combining Random Forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), integrated with meteorological normalization to quantitatively dissect the drivers of surface O₃ from 2015 to 2024. The ensemble model demonstrated strong predictive performance, with the constituent models achieving coefficients of determination (R²) ranging from 0.798 to 0.898 and root mean square error (RMSE) between 16.13 and 22.68 μg/m³ on the test set. Our results reveal a triphasic interannual evolution: a sharp O₃ increase during 2015–2018 driven jointly by rising emissions and unfavorable meteorology; a decline during 2019–2021 primarily due to emission reductions, reinforced by favorable weather; and a post-2022 rebound fueled by resurgent emissions and deteriorating meteorology. Anthropogenic emissions dominate the long-term trend, accounting for 71.3% of regional O₃ anomalies, while meteorology explains 28.7%. City-level analysis identifies two distinct patterns—emission-dominated industrial hubs (e.g., Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, Handan, Beijing, Tianjin) and meteorology-moderated cities (e.g., Zhangjiakou, Chengde). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis, corroborated by Pearson correlation and control-variable methods, identifies near-surface temperature as the most critical meteorological driver, with southerly winds highlighting the importance of regional transport. These findings demonstrate that despite meteorological modulation, long-term O₃ trends in the BTH region are fundamentally anchored to anthropogenic emissions, necessitating locally tailored, sustained emission controls to achieve meaningful ozone mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical note: Using static chambers with large footprints to reduce variability in measurements of greenhouse gases from uneven surfaces","authors":"Dennis Dika Dankwa,&nbsp;Michael Y. Boh,&nbsp;O. Grant Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large-volume static chamber was developed and field-tested as an extension for a semi-automated flux chamber to measure greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from uneven compost surfaces. Conventional chambers often have a small footprint (&lt;0.1 m²), limiting accuracy on heterogeneous piles. The chamber extension has a volume of 0.156 m³ and a footprint of 0.385 m² compared with 0.004 m³ and 0.032 m² (volume and area of the commercial chamber). It includes four adjustable rods to measure headspace height, four lateral flanges to help press the chamber extension into the compost surface, a mixing fan, and a T-fitting on the sample line for manual gas sampling. Its performance was evaluated against the original semi-automated flux chamber using a paired <em>t</em>-test on CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes from municipal windrows and stockpiles of uncomposted material. The CH₄ and CO₂ fluxes measured by the two systems were statistically similar (P &gt; 0.05) on the windrow and stockpile. However, the modified chamber exhibited lower variability, with overall coefficients of variation (CV) for CO₂ flux at the peak of the windrow of 41.9% compared to 45.8% for the commercial chamber, while for CH₄ flux the CV was 84.1% versus 132.7%, respectively. For stockpiles, the CV for CO₂ flux was 64.4% for the modified chamber and 80.6% for the commercial chamber, while for CH₄ flux, the CV was 126.4% versus 162.6%, respectively. These results demonstrate that a chamber extension with a larger footprint facilitates accurate and more stable measurements of GHGs from uneven surfaces such as compost windrows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of micro air sensors for democratizing air quality monitoring and mirroring air pollution at schools using citizen science","authors":"Collins Gameli Hodoli ,&nbsp;Victor Dzidefo Ablo ,&nbsp;Lily Ama Appiagyei ,&nbsp;Joshua Appiah ,&nbsp;Francis-Xavier Kojo Sosu ,&nbsp;Carl Malings","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing concern over children's exposure to fine particles in the school environment underscores the urgent need for accessible, localized air quality monitoring solutions. The expanding global use of air sensors for air quality monitoring in previously undermonitored environments motivates our investigation into their capacity to address this need for monitoring at schools. This study therefore harnesses citizen science methodologies using air sensors to address critical research gaps in conventional air quality monitoring to empower communities to actively participate in understanding and addressing air pollution that directly affects children's health and academic performance. We deployed two air sensors measuring PM_2.5, one each at two schools in Ghana: Salvation Army Senior High School (SASHS) and West Africa Senior High School (WASHS). Prior to deployment at the schools, we conducted a colocation study at the University of Ghana to establish sensor performance. Based on this colocation, we use a multilinear regression model to correct the raw air sensor data, improving the coefficient of determination from 0.91 to 0.92 and the mean absolute error from 3.08 μg m⁻³ to 1.69 μg m⁻³ respectively. Following this, the sensors were deployed at the schools from June 17, 2024 to May 25, 2025. We observed a bimodal peak at the two schools: morning and evening rush hour peaks at WASHS of 35 μg m⁻³, and 28 μg m⁻³ morning and nearly 45 μg m⁻³ evening peaks at SASHS. Hourly, maximum concentrations at the two schools vary significantly. Source components were attributed to wind speed-direction and background activities at each dominant wind sector. PM_2.5 pollution was attributed to biomass burning at SASHS and traffic at WASHS, with natural sources such as the harmattan impacting both schools. At the two schools, observations exceeded the World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline for daily PM_2.5 exposure threshold by 73%. Secondly, we tested the preference of students to specific visualization tools in the “openair” package to support location-specific air quality management by selecting timePlot, timeVariation, windRose, and polarCluster functions to visualize the reported data. Participants were able to link the observations to potential source components, and used these insights to propose school-specific mitigation strategies such as clean cooking initiatives, tree planting, proper waste management, and environmentally friendly public transportation. Overall, this demonstrates the applicability of the air sensor data to determine pollutant patterns and sources for the school environments, as well as the accessibility of the data to students to support mitigation planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147602471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of pesticides in the atmosphere: Heterogeneous degradation by ozone and OH radicals and its impact on long-range transport","authors":"Boulos Samia ,&nbsp;Amandine Durand,&nbsp;Brice Temime-Roussel,&nbsp;Sylvain Ravier,&nbsp;Etienne Quivet,&nbsp;Henri Wortham","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the heterogeneous atmospheric reactivity of nine commonly used pesticides (Boscalid, Cypermethrin, Cyprodinil, Deltamethrin, Folpet, Pendimethalin, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, and Trifloxystrobin) toward ozone and OH radicals, aiming to improve predictions of their persistence in the atmosphere. Pesticides were adsorbed onto hydrophobic silica to simulate atmospheric particles and were exposed to oxidants under controlled conditions (55% relative humidity, 25 °C). Degradation rate constants were determined, revealing atmospheric half-lives of pesticides ranging from 6 days (Cyprodinil) to 220 days (Folpet) for ozone, and from 7 days (Cyprodinil) to 54 days (Folpet) for OH radicals. These experimental degradation rates were compared to those estimated by the AOPWIN model for gas-phase OH radical reactions, highlighting significantly slower degradation in the particulate phase, with rate constants up to 132 times lower. This study also compares the gas-particle partitioning of the pesticides using three models: Junge-Pankow, Octanol-Air, and Mackay. This research emphasizes the importance of accounting for particulate-phase reactivity in risk assessments, as it significantly affects pesticide persistence and their potential for long-range atmospheric transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147991398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement uncertainty in odor emission measurements - conclusions from 10 years of proficiency testing","authors":"Jens Cordes,&nbsp;Benno Stoffels,&nbsp;Dominik Wildanger","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic olfactometry according to EN 13725 is widely used as the standard method for quantifying odor emissions, yet its measurement uncertainty remains debated. This study evaluates ten years (2015–2024) of proficiency testing data, including more than 1900 measurements on a stack simulator and compares these with over 1000 real-world emission analyses. The key findings are a repeatability standard deviation (<em>s</em>_<em>r</em>) of 0.53 dB_od and a reproducibility standard deviation (<em>s</em>_<em>R</em>) of 2.55 dB_od for general odors. The expanded uncertainty (95% confidence) is estimated at 5.10 dB_od. For the reference odorant <em>n</em>-butanol, <em>s</em>_<em>R</em> was lower (1.87 dB_od), reflecting assessor pre-screening. Importantly, the sample composition (single substances versus complex mixtures) did not impact variability. Our results demonstrate that proficiency tests on a stack simulator accurately reflect real-world variability, challenging previous assumptions of lower uncertainties (≤2 dB_od). The findings underscore the need for revised uncertainty estimates in regulatory frameworks. This work provides the most comprehensive empirical basis to date for optimizing the implementation of EN 13725 and guiding future standardization efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147703244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ship Emission Factors for Volatile Organic Compounds and PM1 from land-based observations in an Emission Control Area of France","authors":"Erwan Volent ,&nbsp;Quentin Gunti ,&nbsp;Barbara D’Anna ,&nbsp;Joel F. De Brito ,&nbsp;Marina Jamar ,&nbsp;Brice Temime-Roussel ,&nbsp;Jana Moldanova ,&nbsp;Hilkka Timonen ,&nbsp;Heidi Hellen ,&nbsp;Grazia Lanzafame ,&nbsp;Miikka Dal Maso ,&nbsp;Sylvain Roze ,&nbsp;Véronique Riffault ,&nbsp;Liselotte Tinel ,&nbsp;Stéphane Sauvage","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100459","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study presents new Emission Factors (EFs) for regulated and non-regulated pollutants from ferries obtained from a land-based measurement campaign in the harbour of Dunkirk, northern France. Despite Dunkirk being in a sulphur and NO&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Emission Control Area (ECA), we show that SO&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; remains a reliable tracer of ship emissions in this harbour. A comprehensive suite of gas and particulate phase pollutants was investigated, focusing on 68 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and 5 components of particles below 1 &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;m (PM&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) In total, 149 plumes were detected from three similar ferries. Individual EFs were calculated for 84 pollutants, including different navigational phases. Clear identification of the ship plumes led to the robustness of EF estimates, as shown by the low sensitivity to the background correction method. Particle Number (PN) showed a ship specific unimodal distribution around 91 nm. The EF(PN) ranged from 1.04&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;⋅&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;16&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to 2.57&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;⋅&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;16&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; particles kg&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;fuel&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, which is about three times higher than those recently reported in Marseille, southern France. The EFs of the particulate phase components are dominated by Organic Aerosols (OAs) with an interquartile range between 3.79 and 6.82 g kg&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;fuel&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, two to three orders of magnitude higher than nitrates (NO&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and sulphates (SO&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). The EFs of VOCs are dominated by oxygenated species, such as acetaldehyde (165.6 – 278.9 mg kg&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;fuel&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and methanol (94.56–309 mg kg&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;fuel&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). The second most emitted group of VOCs are the C&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; compounds, with notably cyclopentane (C&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;H&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;⋅&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;H&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High biogenic volatile organic compound emissions but NOx-constrained ozone formation over a tropical island: A case study of Hainan Island, China","authors":"Rongfu Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Wu ,&nbsp;Chunmei Peng ,&nbsp;Wenshuai Xu ,&nbsp;Xinxin Meng ,&nbsp;Daocheng Gong ,&nbsp;Yuzhen Fu ,&nbsp;Xiaocong Cao ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Yang ,&nbsp;Aidan Xian ,&nbsp;Ruipeng Wang ,&nbsp;Zike Qiu ,&nbsp;Yating Song ,&nbsp;Qiao Xing ,&nbsp;Boguang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important precursors of tropospheric ozone (O₃), yet their emissions and photochemical effects remain poorly characterized in tropical island regions of China. Using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN), driven by satellite-based land cover, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation products, and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorology, we developed a high-resolution BVOC emission inventory for Hainan Island in 2019. The WRF model coupled with the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (WRF-CAMx) was further applied to quantify summertime BVOC contributions to ozone formation through emission sensitivity simulations and photochemical regime diagnostics. Total BVOC emissions were estimated at 5.51 × 10⁵ tons (t), with an annual mean emission intensity of 16.02 tons per square kilometer per year (t·km⁻²·yr⁻¹), indicating strong biogenic emission potential under tropical conditions. Emissions peaked in summer (42.1%) and were lowest in winter (8.5%), but showed a weaker seasonal contrast than many continental regions of China, reflecting persistent evergreen vegetation activity and relatively small seasonal variations in temperature and radiation. Although BVOCs dominated the regional volatile organic compound (VOC) budget, their contribution to surface ozone was moderate. In July 2019, BVOCs increased regional mean ozone by 1.2 parts per billion (ppb), accounting for 3.67% of total ozone, with localized enhancements mainly in northern and northeastern Hainan. Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) and relative incremental reactivity (RIR) analyses showed that ozone formation was predominantly nitrogen oxides (NO<em>x</em>)-limited across most of the island, with transitional NO<em>x</em>–VOC co-control in northern urbanized areas. These results reveal a high-BVOC but NO<em>x</em>-constrained photochemical environment, where abundant biogenic emissions do not necessarily cause strong island-wide ozone enhancement because ozone production is limited by NO<em>x</em> availability and modulated by regional transport. This study provides a baseline assessment of BVOC emissions and ozone impacts in tropical island ecosystems and suggests that ozone mitigation in Hainan should prioritize anthropogenic NO<em>x</em> reduction, with coordinated NO<em>x</em>–VOC control in northern urbanized areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147991409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}