{"title":"Sizing of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) for Inertia Response Support","authors":"Chukwemeka Emmauel Okafor, K. Folly","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905309","url":null,"abstract":"The consequences of environmental issues such as global warming have led many countries around the world to focus on the reduction of carbon dioxide emission through increased integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in power system. With this increased participation of the RESs, the conventional power plants (CPPs) are being replaced with renewable energy resources which do not provide inertia response (except some reserves must be maintained in the case of wind power plants). As a result, the power system is prone to frequency instability in the event of a sudden load/generator contingency. Utility-scale battery energy storage system (BESS) could provide additional inertia response support in the power system. In this work, a methodology is proposed for the sizing of BESS for inertia support. The energy storage capacity required to provide inertia support during a targeted load increase was estimated.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127439876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Water Heating System for Energy Efficiency Optimization","authors":"Margaret Wanjiku, C. Kagiri, F. Maina, T. Mulembo","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905246","url":null,"abstract":"Current trends in climate change are an undeniable threat to clean, affordable and renewable energy access. One main cause is the emission of greenhouse gasses from thermal power plants. According to research on the Kenya household energy consumption, water heating for cooking, cleaning, and bathing takes the highest percentage of energy consumed in the home. To reduce the high percentage household consumption from water heating, a photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) water heating system for energy efficiency optimization was designed. The system is a solar PV/T integration with the heat pump (HP) and main grid, with an aim of maximizing use of generated renewable energy instead of the metered power. An optimization using the OPTI toolbox in MATLAB was done with the objective to optimize energy usage and minimize the metered cost. For a sampling period of $t_{mathrm{s}}=15min$ chosen over a 24-h horizon, an energy saving efficiency of r = 27.52% (covariance) is achieved.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126161787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Limpens, Paolo Thiran, E. Lara, Matija Pavičević, S. Quoilin
{"title":"Competitiveness of economic growth based on renewable energy: the case of Uganda to 2035","authors":"G. Limpens, Paolo Thiran, E. Lara, Matija Pavičević, S. Quoilin","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905398","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging economies are experiencing significant growth, which implies a booming demand for energy, especially electricity. In order to meet the 2050 climate target, this growth will have to rely mainly on renewable energy. This contrasts with the fossil fuel-based growth experienced by developed countries. This paper analyses, for the case of Uganda, the difference between a fossil fuel-based energy development and leapfrogging to a renewable one. The analysis covers all energy sectors (electricity, heat and mobility) and shows that priority should be given to heat and mobility. Results show that the cheapest growth is based on fossil energies. Nevertheless, favouring renewable energy is not far from being competitive; not to mention the other positive impacts such as increasing energy sovereignty, increasing national employment and addressing climate change. The work estimates a penalty of 15-30e/ton of CO2 equivalent is sufficient to achieve the competitiveness of a highly sustainable society.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122973370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Ineza, Michael Juma Saulo, C. Wekesa, Jean de Dieu Iyakaremye, Dalson Athanase Gace
{"title":"Comparative Study of the Traditional, Arctan and Robust Droop Control Techniques in an Islanded Micro-grid","authors":"M. A. Ineza, Michael Juma Saulo, C. Wekesa, Jean de Dieu Iyakaremye, Dalson Athanase Gace","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905322","url":null,"abstract":"The micro-grid can operate either in grid-connected or islanded mode. An islanded mode operation needs a controller to ensure voltage and frequency stability and proper power-sharing amongst distributed generation (DG) units. Droop controller has recently gained popularity among the other techniques because it does not require a communication path and is relatively inexpensive. Therefore, this paper aims to offer a comparative study of three droop control techniques, namely, the traditional droop control (TDC), arctan droop control (ADC), and robust droop control (RDC). This is accomplished by assessing each technique’s capabilities in providing accurate load power-sharing amongst DG units while also providing better voltage and frequency regulation. Utilizing MATLAB/SIMULINK software, a simple micro-grid made of two parallel-connected inverters with resistive-inductive load is used to compare the performance of these three methods. Results showed that the ADC technique provides the best frequency regulation relative to the RDC and TDC techniques. In contrast, the RDC technique gives the best voltage regulation compared to the ADC and TDC techniques. Furthermore, the RDC strategy presented lower errors compare to the ADC and TDC strategies when DG units supply the loads regarding the real and reactive power-sharing errors.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116844591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unlocking the Joint Potential of Electric Mobility and Rural Electrification - A Concept for Improved Integration using Modular Batteries","authors":"Philipp Rosner, M. Lienkamp","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905305","url":null,"abstract":"Rural electrification is a major challenge in Africa and is needed to enable self-driven economic growth in oft-neglected regions. Progress has been slow however with many projects facing financial difficulties. Meanwhile, electric vehicles offer multiple technological and economic benefits in the context compared to conventional ones. If both sectors are integrated synergistically through the vehicles, they might experience a joint acceleration in proliferation. We present a research concept to explore such synergies, i.e. identify optimal system configurations and energy management approaches for both users and system operators through an open-source model framework. Furthermore, we propose hybrid vehicle battery systems as a solution to electrification of heavier vehicles in minigrids, enhancing previous concepts for micromobility and ”wireless” minigrids.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129454470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Okoro, Chiweta E. Abunike, U. B. Akuru, C. C. Awah, E. E. Okpo, I. Nkan, Peter I. Udenze, Uchechi O. Innocent, M. J. Mbunwe
{"title":"A Review on the State-of-the-Art Optimization Strategies and Future Trends of Wound-Field Flux Switching Motors","authors":"O. Okoro, Chiweta E. Abunike, U. B. Akuru, C. C. Awah, E. E. Okpo, I. Nkan, Peter I. Udenze, Uchechi O. Innocent, M. J. Mbunwe","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905252","url":null,"abstract":"Interest on the wound-field flux switching machines (WF-FSMs) in the scientific community have increased due to their high reliability, low cost, and absence of magnets. In the context of global sustainability, it is required that WF-FSMs must fulfill physical, technological, and environmental requirements, through design and optimization studies. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the state-of-the-art technologies relevant to multi-objective optimization and performance analysis of WF-FSMs. Several efficient optimization strategies from recent research works are highlighted and compared, showing that there are research gaps on the integration of advanced control algorithms and use of robust optimization methods. Some future optimization initiatives are offered including smart design optimization method for robust design and production of WF-FSMs. The proposed novel system uses cloud computing and big data services for smart optimization of WF-FSMs.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133958584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Noble Tawiah-Mensah, Jonathan Addison, Samuel Dei Oppong, F. Effah
{"title":"An improved Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm with the capability of drift avoidance in PV systems","authors":"Peter Noble Tawiah-Mensah, Jonathan Addison, Samuel Dei Oppong, F. Effah","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905377","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) systems have become important as they are an environmentally friendly energy source. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms are used to improve PV system efficiency. The Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm is the most widely used of the MPPT algorithms. The conventional P&O algorithm suffers from drift when the irradiance increases. This occurs when the conventional P&O algorithmic controller is unable to correctly decide the tracking direction due to a change in irradiance. An improved P&O MPPT algorithm is implemented in this paper and its strength is tested for a number of irradiance changes. The improved P&O algorithm is able to more effectively surmount the problem of drift by employing an extra check on the current change before deciding the tracking direction and implementing a variable step size in doing so. Simulations were done with MATLAB/Simulink comparing the conventional and improved P&O algorithms. The results show that the improved P&O was better at avoiding drift.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131795285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Variation of Virtual Inertia and Virtual Damping on Frequency and Power Angle Responses of Virtual Inertia Emulation Controlled Converter","authors":"Julius Ndirangu, J. Nderu, G. Irungu","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905353","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional power electronic converters that interface converter interfaced renewable generation to power grids are static with no rotating energy, leading to almost zero inertia. This means that high penetration of converter interfaced generation in a system grid reduces its equivalent system inertia. Since power system frequency stability is inversely proportional to the equivalent system inertia, low moment of inertia in a grid results in frequency stability degradation, causing large frequency oscillations and high rates of frequency change during severe disturbances. Virtual Inertia Emulation Controlled (VIEC) converter is an interfacing voltage source converter innovatively controlled in order to emulate the damping and inertial properties of a conventional synchronous generator. In a grid connected VIEC converter, virtual inertia and virtual damping parameters define the initial transient frequency and power angle behaviour of the system during power disturbances. Thus the study of the impact of variation of these parameters is useful when designing VIEC converters as well as investigating their stability especially in their applications involving interfacing renewable energy generation into power grids. This paper investigates the impact of variation of virtual inertia and virtual damping on the frequency and power angle response of virtual inertia emulation controlled converters. The transfer function of a grid connected VIEC converter was derived. Modelling and simulation of its transient response was carried out in MATLAB/Simulink. The conclusions derived will guide in selection of virtual inertia and virtual damping parameters during design of VIEC converters.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131059564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Welcome Khulekani Ntuli, Gulshan Sharma, M. Kabeya
{"title":"A comparative study of DFIG-based wind energy conversion systems with Fuzzy-PID and Fuzzy-logic controllers","authors":"Welcome Khulekani Ntuli, Gulshan Sharma, M. Kabeya","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905240","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores and compares the dynamic performance of two wind energy conversion systems (WECS): (1) the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based WECS incorporating voltage source converter (VSC) with a fuzzy-logic controller; (2) the DFIG based WECS incorporating VSC with a fuzzy-proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. This is done to reduce steady-state error while also reducing overshoot and undershoot oscillations and settling time of the voltage/current or power out signals and dc-link voltage. The grid-side converter is used to adjust the dc-link voltage and reactive power to their respective reference values. In addition, the rotor side converter regulates the DFIG’s rotor speed in order to maintain active power output. The vector control approach is applied to obtain adequate system control. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to simulate the control system. The simulation findings indicated that the DFIG-based WECS with a fuzzy-PID controller outperformed more effectively than the DFIG-based WECS with fuzzy logic controller.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128877085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Mudaheranwa, Felix Urimubenshi, G. Masengo, Jean Baptiste Barurukize, Jean D'amour Ni̇yonsaba, Jean Leonard Habinshuti
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Optimal Hybrid Energy Supply System for a Remotely Located Village in Rwanda","authors":"E. Mudaheranwa, Felix Urimubenshi, G. Masengo, Jean Baptiste Barurukize, Jean D'amour Ni̇yonsaba, Jean Leonard Habinshuti","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905337","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an optimal power generation method to speed up distant area electrification. The most substantial and readily available renewable source(s) are used to supply the hybrid baseload. Intermittent nonrenewable resources are employed to supply peak load. This work was done in Kibangu Sector, Muhanga District, Rwanda’s south. Simulation of the renewable energy model is used to establish the best generation system for the researched location. The system modeled hourly power demands and availability to produce an optimal power supply system configuration. Consider renewable energy resources, battery-based storage systems, and their cost and performance. The proposed energy supply system for Kibangu village was planned and studied using HOMER software. Simulation results show that renewable/alternative power generation can replace nonrenewable sources. Hydropower could provide 64 percent of the village’s total power, while solar could provide 35.5%.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127863028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}