Frontiers in Built Environment最新文献

{"title":"Statistical assessment of the wave loads at walls through two-phase CFD modeling of the effects of air compressibility","authors":"Sara Mizar Formentin, Giuseppina Palma, Juan Carlos Alcérreca Huerta, B. Zanuttigh","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1282459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1282459","url":null,"abstract":"The modeling of wave impacts against coastal structures requires the analysis of hundreds or thousands of waves to be statistically meaningful. Long irregular wave attacks, when affordable, can be performed experimentally, but may be inadequate to track the air entrapment and account for air compressibility, which, instead, plays a key role in the wave impacts. On the other hand, long simulations are generally avoided in numerical modeling for computational effort and numerical stability reasons, even more so when two-phase flows and air compressibility are involved. In such a context, this paper presents, for the first time, the application of a plug-in suite developed in the OpenFOAM® environment to the representation of long time series of irregular waves impacting against coastal defenses while solving two compressible fluids. To this purpose, such a plug-in compressible suite was applied to reproduce recent 2D experiments of wave overtopping and wave impacts at smooth dikes with crown walls. The numerical stability of the compressible solver and its adequacy to accurately reproduce the wave reflection and the wave overtopping are first verified by comparing the numerical results with the laboratory tests. Second, the improved representation of the wave pressures and wave forces at the walls obtained with the plug-in compressible suite is shown by comparing its results with the corresponding ones obtained with the incompressible solver. Specifically, the plug-in suite—accounting for the effects of the air compressibility during the impact events—outperforms the incompressible native solver in the capture of the pressure peaks, in the reproduction of the time–pressure trace, and in the statistical analysis of the pressure distribution along the crown wall.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139271816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Energy dissipation devices and vibration-control systems for structures and infrastructures to mitigate damages under different hazards","authors":"Michele Palermo, F. Ponzo, Dora Foti, Fabio Mazza, I. Takewaki, Paolo Castaldo","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1328920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1328920","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139271516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of ventilation systems on indoor air quality: a mock-up experiment in Dubai","authors":"Chuloh Jung, Gamal El Samanoudy, Nahla Alqassimi, Mohamed Sherzad","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1286053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1286053","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) has become an important concern in Dubai, driven by public health awareness, environmental regulations, and government initiatives. The Dubai Municipality has introduced guidelines and standards for IAQ in residential and non-residential buildings, emphasizing ventilation, material selection, and testing protocols. IAQ monitoring and testing are encouraged, and public awareness campaigns educate individuals about IAQ and its impact on health. Green building regulations in Dubai also address IAQ considerations. The Dubai Municipality has comprehensively assessed IAQ in public buildings, leading to stringent regulations. However, research on IAQ improvement and challenges associated with apartment ventilation systems is limited. This study aims to evaluate the IAQ improvement and potential issues of a ventilation system in an apartment through a mock-up experiment. Factors such as air volume, ventilation system type, and supply/exhaust duct configuration are analyzed. The results show that installing a ventilation device with a ventilation rate of 0.3–0.8 times/h reduces Formaldehyde (HCHO) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) concentrations by 30%–50%. The IAQ improvement is not significantly influenced by air volume. Each room supply/exhaust method shows a 10% higher reduction in VOC concentrations than the supply/kitchen exhaust unit method. Preventing backflow and addressing cold drafts are recommended during ventilation system installation. Noise measurements comply with standards in most cases. These findings contribute to developing guidelines for ventilation system design and installation in apartments, promoting healthier indoor environments. Further research with a broader range of ventilation devices and real-world conditions is recommended to validate these findings.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"YOLO-LHD: an enhanced lightweight approach for helmet wearing detection in industrial environments","authors":"Lianhua Hu, Jiaqi Ren","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1288445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1288445","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing a lightweight yet high-precision object detection algorithm is paramount for accurately assessing workers’ helmet-wearing status in intricate industrial settings. Helmet detection is inherently challenging due to factors like the diminutive target size, intricate backgrounds, and the need to strike a balance between model compactness and detection accuracy. In this paper, we propose YOLO-LHD (You Only Look Once-Lightweight Helmet Detection), an efficient framework built upon the YOLOv8 object detection model. The proposed approach enhances the model’s ability to detect small targets in complex scenes by incorporating the Coordinate attention mechanism and Focal loss function, which introduce high-resolution features and large-scale detection heads. Additionally, we integrate the improved Ghostv2 module into the backbone feature extraction network to further improve the balance between model accuracy and size. We evaluated our method on MHWD dataset established in this study and compared it with the baseline model YOLOv8n. The proposed YOLO-LHD model achieved a reduction of 66.1% in model size while attaining the best 94.3% mAP50 with only 0.86M parameters. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving lightweight deployment and high-precision helmet detection.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135191019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Energy-based seismic engineering","authors":"Fabrizio Mollaioli, A. Benavent‐Climent, I. Takewaki","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1327561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1327561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modeling and validation of earthquake soil structure interaction: a 12-story building in Ventura, California","authors":"Han Yang, Hexiang Wang, Boris Jeremić","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1249550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1249550","url":null,"abstract":"Presented is a validation study for high fidelity numerical modeling of earthquake soil structure interaction (ESSI) for a building, hotel structure in Ventura, California. A detailed finite element (FE) model of the ESSI system, featuring the 12-story concrete structure, pile group foundation, and underlying soil, is developed using the Real-ESSI Simulator (Jeremić et al., The Real-ESSI Simulator System 1988–2022, 2022a). The domain reduction method (DRM) (Bielak et al., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2003, 93(2), 817–824; Yoshimura et al., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2003, 93(2), 825–841) is used to apply seismic loads, in this case the 1994 Northridge earthquake motions. Direct comparison between simulation results and California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) recordings shows a high level of agreement in acceleration and displacement responses at all instrumented locations. Sensitivity study on a number of modeling choices and analysis parameters is conducted to investigate controlling factors for the ESSI response. For example, the soil-structure interaction effect and structural damping ratios are shown to have significant influence on system dynamic response. In addition, the soil inelasticity is shown to be highly influenced by the magnitude of seismic motion. Both effects are important for validation as they contribute to sensitivity of response to parametric variability.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design for and from disassembly with timber elements: strategies based on two case studies from Switzerland","authors":"Cäsar Grüter, Matthew Gordon, Marcel Muster, Fabian Kastner, Philippe Grönquist, Andrea Frangi, Silke Langenberg, Catherine De Wolf","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1307632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1307632","url":null,"abstract":"When a timber building gets disassembled and its elements either are burned or biodegrade, the carbon stored in the timber structure gets released to the atmosphere as CO 2 . Reusing timber elements prevents this process from happening and thus delays the global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Even if there is a long historic tradition of timber reuse in Switzerland, currently a low fraction of a timber building’s elements is being reused after its disassembly. In this study, strategies that could facilitate circular use of timber elements are analyzed. The focus lies on the design process, which is investigated from two perspectives: strategies at the start-of-life of buildings to enable new timber element cycles to emerge (design for disassembly, or DforD), and strategies at the end-of-life of buildings to keep existing timber elements cycles closed (design from disassembly, or DfromD). Two case studies of recently completed multi-story timber-hybrid buildings in Switzerland were analyzed from both perspectives. Regarding DforD, a scoring system was developed that assesses single elements according to their disassembly and reuse potential. Regarding DfromD, a building design optimization tool was created that takes dimensional design tolerances of a building as an input and proposes a procurement-optimized and structurally safe arrangement of reused elements, which are taken from an inventory that is based on the two case studies. It was found that connections between reinforced concrete and timber parts play a crucial role in terms of DforD and that building layouts with DfromD elements may vary widely according to the chosen optimization variable. In conclusion, both applications have the potential to scale up the competitiveness of reused elements.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling relation among implementing AI-based drones and sustainable construction project success","authors":"Ahsan Waqar, Idris Othman, Nadhim Hamah Sor, Abdullah Mohammed Alshehri, Hamad R. Almujibah, Badr Saad Alotaibi, Mohammed Awad Abuhussain, Abdulrahman S. Bageis, Fadi Althoey, Saleh Hayat, Omrane Benjeddou, Saleh Hamed Alsulamy, Mishal Aljarbou","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1208807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1208807","url":null,"abstract":"Project failure is a persistent challenge in the construction industry, rendering it one of the most demanding sectors. Many obstacles, including safety concerns, quality management issues, environmental preservation challenges, economic sustainability, privacy constraints, and legal regulations, weigh heavily on construction projects. However, a beacon of hope emerges in AI-powered drones capable of surmounting these challenges and paving the path to resounding project success. This study employed diverse methodologies, engaging subject-matter experts through interviews and conducting pilot and primary surveys. Our analytical arsenal featured Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for the pilot survey and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) for the primary survey. Our research revolves around a singular mission: elevating building project success by dismantling the barriers that have impeded the widespread adoption of AI-driven drones in construction. The study’s verdict is clear: privacy and legal constraints, coupled with economic and sustainability challenges, alongside human resource management dilemmas, constitute the formidable triumvirate obstructing the ubiquitous embrace of drones in construction. Yet, the impact of breaching these barriers reverberates far beyond overcoming these hurdles. It cascades into public health and safety, environmental conservation, quality management, and economic sustainability, culminating in an amalgam of enhanced Building Project Success. The implications of our findings are profound for the construction industry. They beckon the sector to confront and surmount the legal and regulatory barriers to adopting AI-based drones. A clarion call to invest in human resources to empower technology integration resounds. And, perhaps most importantly, it beckons the industry to embrace the profound economic and sustainability advantages of embracing these cutting-edge technologies. Furthermore, our study underscores that adopting AI-powered drones in construction is not merely about project success; it catalyzes fostering public health, safeguarding the environment, ensuring top-tier quality management, and fortifying economic sustainability. These interwoven facets illuminate the broader canvas of drone technology’s transformative role in construction.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient two-step procedure for parameter identification and uncertainty assessment in model updating problems","authors":"Michele Tondi, Marco Bovo, Loris Vincenzi","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1272252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1272252","url":null,"abstract":"The model updating procedures employed in vibration-based health monitoring need to be reliable and computationally efficient. The computational time is a fundamental task if the results are used to evaluate, in quasi-real-time, the safe or the unsafe state of strategic and relevant structures. The paper presents an efficient two-step procedure for the identification of the mechanical parameters and for the assessment of the corresponding uncertainty in model updating problems. The first step solves a least squares problem, providing a first estimate of the unknown parameters. The second (iterative) step produces a refinement of the solution. Moreover, by exploiting the error propagation theory, this article presents a direct (non-iterative) procedure to assess the uncertainty affecting the unknown parameters starting from the experimental data covariance matrix. To test the reliability of the procedure as well as to prove its applicability to structural problems, the methodology has been applied to two test-bed case studies. Finally, the procedure has been used for the damage assessment in an existing building. The results provided in this article indicate that the procedure can accurately identify the unknown parameters and properly localize and quantify the damage.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134909058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the deployment of solar energy in Norwegian high-sensitive built environments: challenges and barriers—a scoping review","authors":"Tahmineh Akbarinejad, Esther Machlein, Chiara Bertolin, Gabriele Lobaccaro, Alenka Temeljotov Salaj","doi":"10.3389/fbuil.2023.1285127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1285127","url":null,"abstract":"Heritage and historical buildings often face climate vulnerabilities, decay of technical performance and energy inefficiency that threaten their use and consequently their long-term preservation. Due to urban densification and escalating energy consumption, addressing these vulnerabilities is crucial to protect, rehabilitate and keeping in use historical buildings in cities and utilizing renewable energy sources like solar energy should have a pivotal role towards sustainable cities and communities. However, integrating solar technology into historical buildings faces unique challenges mainly because of the significance, non-standard construction methods adopted, and the valuable original materials. Norway, with its Climate Action Plan and a substantial portion of cultural historic buildings in its building stock, aims to significantly reduce emissions and is seeking for novel solutions. This paper discusses challenges and barriers associated with adoption of solar energy in high-sensitive built environment in Norway, through a scoping review. The results outline conservation criteria as challenges, which include viability, feasibility, integration, reversibility, compatibility, reliability and safety, non-invasiveness, and acceptability. Additionally, the review identifies barriers such as economic, geographic, technical, conservative, legislative, and social factors. Initially, the frequency with which these challenges and barriers appear in academic papers is examined. Subsequently, the interconnections between these challenges and barriers are explored to assess their specific impacts within the Norwegian context. Recognizing these challenges and understanding their interconnection can represent the strength of the relationship between them and can allow to identify potential solutions and strategies to support stakeholders, experts, or public authorities for successfully implementation and integration of solar energy systems in high-sensitive built environments in the future.","PeriodicalId":37112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134907503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}