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Temptations of Autocracy: How Saudi Arabia Influences and Attracts Its Neighbourhood 专制的诱惑:沙特阿拉伯如何影响和吸引邻国
Journal of Arabian Studies Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1788785
Tobias Zumbrägel, Thomas Demmelhuber
{"title":"Temptations of Autocracy: How Saudi Arabia Influences and Attracts Its Neighbourhood","authors":"Tobias Zumbrägel, Thomas Demmelhuber","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1788785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1788785","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2011 mass protests began to rapidly spread across the Middle East and scholarly attention shifted to the Gulf region, which not only remained resilient but rather asserted its authoritarian rule. We argue that such a development is considerably shaped by an individual protagonist country, we call an “authoritarian gravity centre” (AGC). We understand an AGC as an autocratic regime that has the willingness and the capacity (in terms of material and immaterial means) to apply pressure, to disseminate autocratic ideas, norms, values, and techniques, and to constitute a role model for other countries in the AGC’s geopolitical proximity. This study, which covers the period between 2001 and 2015, provides an empirical analysis of Saudi Arabia acting as an AGC in the Gulf. The qualitative research is based on fieldwork conducted in Riyadh, Doha, Kuwait City, and Manama. Using the approach of the AGC, we offer a conceptualization of the phenomenon of autocratization in the Gulf region.","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"51 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89198388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Yemen’s Defence Structure: Hybridity and Patronage after the State 也门的国防结构:国家之后的混杂与赞助
Journal of Arabian Studies Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1791308
E. Ardemagni
{"title":"Yemen’s Defence Structure: Hybridity and Patronage after the State","authors":"E. Ardemagni","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1791308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1791308","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Yemen’s defence structure presents a dynamic of “double hybridization”: hybridization due to the overlapping of tribal and military roles and loyalties, and hybridization because of the vague boundaries between formal and informal security actors. Since 2011 onwards, patronage has assumed a sub-state connotation, not a systemic one, occurring in a space of contested authority, beyond the state’s institutional perimeter: patronage develops outside the framework of the central state establishing direct connections between Yemeni local chiefs or warlords and Middle Eastern powers. This new dynamic highlights the deep crisis of the national level, revealing the fracturing of the state and of its formal institutions. Adopting critical security lenses and choosing the defence structure as unit of analysis, this article contends that the army used to rely, before 2011, on informal forces as coup-proofing strategy; since then, however, militias have turned now into the pillar of an emerging defence sector built on composite military alliances. While Yemen’s defence matrixes have changed, their hybridity persists, as, with the collapse of central state institutions, multiple military players have emerged.","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"72 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84424234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moving off the Gold Standard: Energy, Security, “Stateness”, and the Nuclearisation of the Gulf 脱离金本位:能源、安全、“国家地位”和海湾地区的核化
Journal of Arabian Studies Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1794285
Clive Jones
{"title":"Moving off the Gold Standard: Energy, Security, “Stateness”, and the Nuclearisation of the Gulf","authors":"Clive Jones","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1794285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1794285","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyses the rationale behind the pursuit of nuclear energy by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia, a rationale that is best understood by a particular construct of “stateness”. While the drive towards nuclear energy is justified by a growing demographic, it is also about the projection of prestige which cuts to the very core of regime legitimacy. This in turn feeds into the growing ideational competition between and among the Gulf states and Iran, with nuclear energy increasingly being “securitised” in pursuit of this “stateless”. However, the development of a nuclear programme by Saudi Arabia in particular has come to test the normative frameworks that have hitherto regulated the transfer of nuclear technologies. With regionalism in retreat, and concern over the longer-term commitment of the United States to underpin Gulf security, the development of nuclear energy in the Gulf is leading to a truly “atomised” security complex, the dynamic of which can likely only be controlled on a bespoke basis.","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"93 1","pages":"190 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83840332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Modern Heritage and the Living City: Arab Identity and Modernization in the Architecture of Abu Dhabi 现代遗产和生活城市:阿布扎比建筑中的阿拉伯身份和现代化
Journal of Arabian Studies Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1791362
Eugenia López Reus, M. El Amrousi, E. Paleologos
{"title":"Modern Heritage and the Living City: Arab Identity and Modernization in the Architecture of Abu Dhabi","authors":"Eugenia López Reus, M. El Amrousi, E. Paleologos","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1791362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1791362","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Our work analyzes some key public, late modernist and contemporary buildings in Abu Dhabi in order to examine how the capital of this Arab country has dealt with issues of local tradition versus modernization, at a time of rapid economic and social change. Modernist and contemporary interpretations of Arab architectural tradition are deliberated as well as, design strategies to create spaces of social inclusion and provide sustainable solutions appropriate for the harsh regional climatic conditions. Our article also argues that recognition and integration of buildings from the late modernist era, such as the Abu Dhabi Cultural Foundation, are essential elements for a city of sparse historical references, playing the role of “modern heritage”. Preservation of such buildings and resilient architecture can guide contemporary architectural discourse and reconcile local tradition and modern design strategies, thus counteracting uncritical importation of iconic projects in the modern Gulf cities.","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"252 2-3","pages":"90 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21534764.2020.1791362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72448688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The GCC and Changing Global Energy Environment 海湾合作委员会与变化中的全球能源环境
Journal of Arabian Studies Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2020.1794286
A. Ehteshami
{"title":"The GCC and Changing Global Energy Environment","authors":"A. Ehteshami","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2020.1794286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2020.1794286","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Global energy trade in hydrocarbons is being significantly re-oriented from the Atlantic basin to the Asia-Pacific region, with energy markets shifting their focus along the same patterns as the global economy –– towards the Asia-Pacific. The net result has been the centre of gravity of energy moving towards Asia and its large and emerging economies. The world is at the same time becoming a system of “world regions” and more urbanized, with the share of population of LDCs living in urban areas rising from 46% in 2014 to 57.9% in 2035. An emerging world region is arguably continental Asia in which East, Central, South and West Asia play a shaping part and developing its “Asianization”. It is argued here that economic orientation and urbanization trends will significantly impact global, and particularly Asian, energy markets thus determining the course of action of energy exporters of the GCC countries, and those of Central and West Asia. In Asia’s uneven energy markets, while China will lead energy demand growth in Asia in the 2020s, it will be India which likely will take up China’s mantle after 2025, thus maintaining and deepening the Persian Gulf’s “Asianization” and Asian energy interactions as part of a deeper integration of Asian economies.","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"68 1","pages":"175 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86794153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
China-UAE Relations in the Belt and Road Era “一带一路”时代的中阿关系
Journal of Arabian Studies Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2019.1756135
Jonathan Fulton
{"title":"China-UAE Relations in the Belt and Road Era","authors":"Jonathan Fulton","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2019.1756135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2019.1756135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75422802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Making Chinese Spaces in Dubai: A Spatial Consideration of Chinese Transnational Communities in the Arab Gulf States 在迪拜打造中国空间:阿拉伯海湾国家华人跨国社区的空间思考
Journal of Arabian Studies Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2019.1762313
Yuting Wang
{"title":"Making Chinese Spaces in Dubai: A Spatial Consideration of Chinese Transnational Communities in the Arab Gulf States","authors":"Yuting Wang","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2019.1762313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2019.1762313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84720324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Infrastructures of Empire and Sovereignty: The Port of Basra in Interwar Iraq 帝国与主权的基础设施:两次世界大战之间伊拉克的巴士拉港
Journal of Arabian Studies Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2019.1750545
Gabriel Young
{"title":"Infrastructures of Empire and Sovereignty: The Port of Basra in Interwar Iraq","authors":"Gabriel Young","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2019.1750545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2019.1750545","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces the legal and political-economic disputes surrounding the construction of the Basra port in the era of World War I and the Mandate. Although the port was nominally an Iraqi inst...","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75078278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Perceptions of the Courtyard in Kuwait: Between Tradition and Modernity 科威特庭院的感知:在传统与现代之间
Journal of Arabian Studies Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2019.1770422
Yousef A.M. Al Haroun
{"title":"Perceptions of the Courtyard in Kuwait: Between Tradition and Modernity","authors":"Yousef A.M. Al Haroun","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2019.1770422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2019.1770422","url":null,"abstract":"The courtyard was once found in every house in Kuwait. It was a multi-purpose open space where the entire family would gather and socialize. Some courtyards had a tree or shrub, and most would have...","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79484577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Gulf-China: Opportunities and Threats for a Global Partnership 海湾-中国:全球伙伴关系的机遇与威胁
Journal of Arabian Studies Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/21534764.2019.1769337
I. Genc
{"title":"Gulf-China: Opportunities and Threats for a Global Partnership","authors":"I. Genc","doi":"10.1080/21534764.2019.1769337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2019.1769337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabian Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79092989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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