Informatics最新文献_第9页

Development and Internal Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model to Predict Readmissions in a United States Healthcare System 一个可解释的机器学习模型的开发和内部验证，以预测美国医疗保健系统的再入院率

IF 3.1

Informatics Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3390/informatics10020033

Amanda L. Luo, Akshay Ravi, Simone Arvisais-Anhalt, Anoop Muniyappa, Xinran Liu, Sha Wang

{"title":"Development and Internal Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model to Predict Readmissions in a United States Healthcare System","authors":"Amanda L. Luo, Akshay Ravi, Simone Arvisais-Anhalt, Anoop Muniyappa, Xinran Liu, Sha Wang","doi":"10.3390/informatics10020033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics10020033","url":null,"abstract":"(1) One in four hospital readmissions is potentially preventable. Machine learning (ML) models have been developed to predict hospital readmissions and risk-stratify patients, but thus far they have been limited in clinical applicability, timeliness, and generalizability. (2) Methods: Using deidentified clinical data from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) between January 2016 and November 2021, we developed and compared four supervised ML models (logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosting, and XGBoost) to predict 30-day readmissions for adults admitted to a UCSF hospital. (3) Results: Of 147,358 inpatient encounters, 20,747 (13.9%) patients were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. The final model selected was XGBoost, which had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.783 and an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.434. The most important features by Shapley Additive Explanations were days since last admission, discharge department, and inpatient length of stay. (4) Conclusions: We developed and internally validated a supervised ML model to predict 30-day readmissions in a US-based healthcare system. This model has several advantages including state-of-the-art performance metrics, the use of clinical data, the use of features available within 24 h of discharge, and generalizability to multiple disease states.","PeriodicalId":37100,"journal":{"name":"Informatics","volume":"10 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41548295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Affective Design Analysis of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): A User-Centric Perspective 可解释人工智能的情感设计分析:以用户为中心的视角

IF 3.1

Informatics Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.3390/informatics10010032

Ezekiel Bernardo, R. Seva

{"title":"Affective Design Analysis of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): A User-Centric Perspective","authors":"Ezekiel Bernardo, R. Seva","doi":"10.3390/informatics10010032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics10010032","url":null,"abstract":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has successfully solved the black box paradox of Artificial Intelligence (AI). By providing human-level insights on AI, it allowed users to understand its inner workings even with limited knowledge of the machine learning algorithms it uses. As a result, the field grew, and development flourished. However, concerns have been expressed that the techniques are limited in terms of to whom they are applicable and how their effect can be leveraged. Currently, most XAI techniques have been designed by developers. Though needed and valuable, XAI is more critical for an end-user, considering transparency cleaves on trust and adoption. This study aims to understand and conceptualize an end-user-centric XAI to fill in the lack of end-user understanding. Considering recent findings of related studies, this study focuses on design conceptualization and affective analysis. Data from 202 participants were collected from an online survey to identify the vital XAI design components and testbed experimentation to explore the affective and trust change per design configuration. The results show that affective is a viable trust calibration route for XAI. In terms of design, explanation form, communication style, and presence of supplementary information are the components users look for in an effective XAI. Lastly, anxiety about AI, incidental emotion, perceived AI reliability, and experience using the system are significant moderators of the trust calibration process for an end-user.","PeriodicalId":37100,"journal":{"name":"Informatics","volume":"10 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43184778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of E-Learning Activities on English as a Second Language Proficiency among Engineering Cohorts of Malaysian Higher Education: A 7-Month Longitudinal Study 马来西亚高等教育工程群组中电子学习活动对英语作为第二语言能力的影响:一项为期7个月的纵向研究

IF 3.1

Informatics Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.3390/informatics10010031

Dipima Buragohain, Grisana Punpeng, Sureenate Jaratjarungkiat, Sushank Chaudhary

{"title":"Impact of E-Learning Activities on English as a Second Language Proficiency among Engineering Cohorts of Malaysian Higher Education: A 7-Month Longitudinal Study","authors":"Dipima Buragohain, Grisana Punpeng, Sureenate Jaratjarungkiat, Sushank Chaudhary","doi":"10.3390/informatics10010031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics10010031","url":null,"abstract":"Recent technology implementation in learning has inspired language educators to employ various e-learning techniques, strategies, and applications in their pedagogical practices while aiming at improving specific learning efficiencies of students. The current study attempts to blend e-learning activities, including blogging, video making, online exercises, and digital storyboarding, with English language teaching and explores its impact on engineering cohorts at a public university in Malaysia. The longitudinal research study used three digital applications—Voyant Tools, Lumos Text Complexity Analyzer, and Advanced Text Analyzer—to analyze the data collected through a variety of digital assignments and activities from two English language courses during the researched academic semesters. Contributing to the available literature on the significance of integrating technology innovation with language learning, the study found that implementing e-learning activities can provide substantial insights into improving the learners’ different linguistic competencies, including writing competency, reading comprehension, and vocabulary enhancement. Moreover, the implementation of such innovative technology can motivate students to engage in more peer interactivity, learning engagement, and self-directed learning.","PeriodicalId":37100,"journal":{"name":"Informatics","volume":"10 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41880646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Whitelist or Leave Our Website! Advances in the Understanding of User Response to Anti-Ad-Blockers 加入白名单或离开我们的网站!用户对反广告拦截软件反应的理解进展

IF 3.1

Informatics Pub Date : 2023-03-12 DOI: 10.3390/informatics10010030

I. Redondo, Gloria Aznar

{"title":"Whitelist or Leave Our Website! Advances in the Understanding of User Response to Anti-Ad-Blockers","authors":"I. Redondo, Gloria Aznar","doi":"10.3390/informatics10010030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics10010030","url":null,"abstract":"Website publishers cannot monetize the ad impressions that are prevented by ad-blockers. Publishers can then employ anti-ad-blockers that force users to choose between either accepting ad impressions by whitelisting the website in the ad-blocker, or leaving the website without accessing the content. This study delineates the mechanisms of how willingness to whitelist/leave the website are affected by the request’s sensitivity to recipients as well as the users’ psychological reactance and evaluation of the website advertising. We tested the proposed relationships using an online panel sample of 500 ad-blocker users, who were asked about their willingness to whitelist/leave their favorite online newspaper after receiving a hypothetical anti-ad-blocker request—four alternative requests with different sensitivity levels were created and randomly assigned to the participants. The results confirmed that (a) the request’s sensitivity can improve the recipient’s compliance, (b) users’ psychological reactance plays an important role in explaining the overall phenomenon, and (c) a favorable evaluation of the website advertising can improve willingness to whitelist. These findings help to better understand user response to anti-ad-blockers and may also help publishers increase their whitelist ratios.","PeriodicalId":37100,"journal":{"name":"Informatics","volume":"10 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47392643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Strategies for Enhancing Assessment Information Integrity in Mobile Learning 增强移动学习评估信息完整性的策略

IF 3.1

Informatics Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.3390/informatics10010029

G. Kaisara, K. Bwalya

引用次数: 1

Enhancing Small Medical Dataset Classification Performance Using GAN 利用GAN增强小型医疗数据集分类性能

IF 3.1

Informatics Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.3390/informatics10010028

Mohammad Alauthman, Ahmad Al-qerem, Bilal I. Sowan, A. Alsarhan, Mohammed Eshtay, A. Aldweesh, N. Aslam

引用次数: 3

The Influence of Light and Color in Digital Paintings of Environmental Issues on Emotions and Cognitions 环境题材数字绘画中光与色对情感与认知的影响

IF 3.1

Informatics Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.3390/informatics10010026

Witthaya Hosap, Chaowanan Khundam, Patibut Preeyawongsakul, Varunyu Vorachart, Frédéric Noël

{"title":"The Influence of Light and Color in Digital Paintings of Environmental Issues on Emotions and Cognitions","authors":"Witthaya Hosap, Chaowanan Khundam, Patibut Preeyawongsakul, Varunyu Vorachart, Frédéric Noël","doi":"10.3390/informatics10010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics10010026","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the use of light and color in digital paintings and their effect on audiences’ perceptions of environmental issues. Five digital paintings depicting environmental issues have been designed. Digital painting techniques created black-and-white, monochrome, and color images. Each image used utopian and dystopian visualization concepts to communicate hope and despair. In the experiment, 225 volunteers representing students in colleges were separated into three independent groups: the first group was offered black-and-white images, the second group was offered monochromatic images, and the third group was offered color images. After viewing each image, participants were asked to complete questionnaires about their emotions and cognitions regarding environmental issues, including identifying hope and despair and the artist’s perspective at the end. The analysis showed no differences in emotions and cognitions among participants. However, monochromatic images were the most emotionally expressive. The results indicated that the surrounding atmosphere of the images created despair, whereas objects inspired hope. Artists should emphasize the composition of the atmosphere and the objects in the image to convey the concepts of utopia and dystopia to raise awareness of environmental issues.","PeriodicalId":37100,"journal":{"name":"Informatics","volume":"10 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41373895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling the Influence of Fake Accounts on User Behavior and Information Diffusion in Online Social Networks 虚假账户对在线社交网络中用户行为和信息扩散的影响建模

IF 3.1

Informatics Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.3390/informatics10010027

Sara G. Fahmy, Sayed AbdelGaber, Omar H. Karam, Doaa S. Elzanfaly

{"title":"Modeling the Influence of Fake Accounts on User Behavior and Information Diffusion in Online Social Networks","authors":"Sara G. Fahmy, Sayed AbdelGaber, Omar H. Karam, Doaa S. Elzanfaly","doi":"10.3390/informatics10010027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics10010027","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanisms of information diffusion in Online Social Networks (OSNs) have been studied extensively from various perspectives with some focus on identifying and modeling the role of heterogeneous nodes. However, none of these studies have considered the influence of fake accounts on human accounts and how this will affect the rumor diffusion process. This paper aims to present a new information diffusion model that characterizes the role of bots in the rumor diffusion process in OSNs. The proposed SIhIbR model extends the classical SIR model by introducing two types of infected users with different infection rates: the users who are infected by human (Ih) accounts with a normal infection rate and the users who are infected by bot accounts (Ib) with a different diffusion rate that reflects the intent and steadiness of this type of account to spread the rumors. The influence of fake accounts on human accounts diffusion rate has been measured using the social impact theory, as it better reflects the deliberate behavior of bot accounts to spread a rumor to a large portion of the network by considering both the strength and the bias of the source node. The experiment results show that the accuracy of the SIhIbR model outperforms the SIR model when simulating the rumor diffusion process in the existence of fake accounts. It has been concluded that fake accounts accelerate the rumor diffusion process as they impact many people in a short time.","PeriodicalId":37100,"journal":{"name":"Informatics","volume":"10 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42773589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Vertical Integration Dynamics to Innovate in Technology Business 垂直整合动态创新技术业务

IF 3.1

Informatics Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.3390/informatics10010025

P. Nogueira, L. Pereira, Ana Simões, Á. Dias, R. Costa

引用次数: 1

Fan Fault Diagnosis Using Acoustic Emission and Deep Learning Methods 基于声发射和深度学习方法的风扇故障诊断

IF 3.1

Informatics Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3390/informatics10010024

Giuseppe Ciaburro, Sankar Padmanabhan, Yassine Maleh, Virginia Puyana-Romero

{"title":"Fan Fault Diagnosis Using Acoustic Emission and Deep Learning Methods","authors":"Giuseppe Ciaburro, Sankar Padmanabhan, Yassine Maleh, Virginia Puyana-Romero","doi":"10.3390/informatics10010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics10010024","url":null,"abstract":"The modern conception of industrial production recognizes the increasingly crucial role of maintenance. Currently, maintenance is thought of as a service that aims to maintain the efficiency of equipment and systems while also taking quality, energy efficiency, and safety requirements into consideration. In this study, a new methodology for automating the fan maintenance procedures was developed. An approach based on the recording of the acoustic emission and the failure diagnosis using deep learning was evaluated for the detection of dust deposits on the blades of an axial fan. Two operating conditions have been foreseen: No-Fault, and Fault. In the No-Fault condition, the fan blades are perfectly clean while in the Fault condition, deposits of material have been artificially created. Utilizing a pre-trained network (SqueezeNet) built on the ImageNet dataset, the acquired data were used to build an algorithm based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). The transfer learning applied to the images of the spectrograms extracted from the recordings of the acoustic emission of the fan, in the two operating conditions, returned excellent results (accuracy = 0.95), confirming the excellent performance of the methodology.","PeriodicalId":37100,"journal":{"name":"Informatics","volume":"10 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48052801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4