Cytokine: XPub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100019
Huimin Deng , Mao Zheng , Ziling Hu , Xiaoping Zeng , Nanzhen Kuang , Yingyuan Fu
{"title":"Erratum to “Effects of daphnetin on the autophagy signaling pathway of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) induced by TNF-α” [Cytokine: X 1 (2019) 100015]","authors":"Huimin Deng , Mao Zheng , Ziling Hu , Xiaoping Zeng , Nanzhen Kuang , Yingyuan Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37028,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine: X","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25384936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cytokine: XPub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100015
Huimin Deng , Mao Zheng , Ziling Hu , Xiaoping Zeng , Nanzhen Kuang , Yingyuan Fu
{"title":"WITHDRAWN: Effects of daphnetin on the autophagy signaling pathway of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) induced by TNF-α","authors":"Huimin Deng , Mao Zheng , Ziling Hu , Xiaoping Zeng , Nanzhen Kuang , Yingyuan Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37028,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine: X","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25383894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cytokine: XPub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100010
O.A. Radaeva , A.S. Simbirtsev , J.A. Kostina
{"title":"The change in the circadian rhythm of macrophage colony-stimulating factor content in the blood of patients with essential hypertension","authors":"O.A. Radaeva , A.S. Simbirtsev , J.A. Kostina","doi":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this research is to study the characteristics of the change in the circadian rhythm of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) content in the peripheral blood serum of patients with stage II essential hypertension (EH) based on 5 time points (8:00, 14:00, 20:00, 2:00, and 8:00) and analyze its connection with the frequency of cardiovascular events.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Identified levels of M-CSF in the peripheral blood serum of 60 patients with stage II EH, before and after 1 year of antihypertensive therapy using enzyme-linked immunoassays (at 8:00, 14:00, 20:00, 2:00, and 8:00).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The research demonstrated that stage II EH patients with a medical case history lasting 10–14 years have a greater content of M-CSF in their peripheral blood serum (p > 0.001). Before the start of antihypertensive therapy, they also have an increased variability in the circadian rhythm of M-CSF content in the bloodstream (when compared with healthy individuals) due to an increase at 20:00, decrease at 2:00 and recovery at 8:00. In 70% of those patients taking antihypertensive medication and have reached their target arterial blood pressure, the cytokine decrease stabilizes at 2:00 but the increase at 20:00 remains unchanged. Thirty percent of patients retained the rhythm characteristics of M-CSF content in the blood serum typical of patients before the start of therapy. This is a predictor of an increase in the five-year risk of developing cardiovascular complications, particularly myocardial infarction and acute cerebrovascular accident, in individuals with a comparable risk of cardiovascular complications or death on the Framingham risk score.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37028,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine: X","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25383893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Milk modulates macrophage polarization in vitro","authors":"Layla Panahipour , Evgeniya Kochergina , Alexandra Kreissl , Nadja Haiden , Reinhard Gruber","doi":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Milk holds an anti-inflammatory response that is particularly important to protecting infants against necrotizing enterocolitis. Milk might also exert anti-inflammatory effects in adulthood, including the oral cavity where macrophages of the oral mucosal control innate immunity defense. It remains unknown, however, whether milk can modulate the local inflammatory response by affecting the polarization of macrophages.</p></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><p>To determine whether pasteurized human milk and pasteurized cow milk can provoke macrophage polarization, murine bone marrow macrophages and RAW264.7 cells were exposed to human saliva or the inflammatory cytokines IL1β and TNFα. Activation of pro-(M1) inflammatory response is indicated by the expression of IL1 and IL8. To determine polarization towards a M2 phenotype, the expression of arginase 1 (ARG1) and chitinase-like 3 (Chil3) was determined by reverse transcriptase PCR and immunoassay. Western blot was done on phosphorylated p38 and JNK.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Aqueous fractions of human milk and cow milk from different donors, respectively, significantly decreased the inflammatory response of primary macrophages and RAW264.7 cells when exposed to saliva or IL1 and TNFα. Similar to IL4, human milk and cow milk caused a robust expression of ARG1 and Chil3 in primary macrophages. The polarization of macrophages by pasteurized milk occurred independent of the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These data suggest that pasteurized milk, independent of the origin, can cause the polarization of macrophages from a pro-inflammatory M1 towards a pro-resolving M2 phenotype. Thus, milk might have a protective role for the oral cavity by modulation of the macrophage-based innate immune system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37028,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine: X","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25383890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cytokine: XPub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100003
Fei Ma , Dimitrios E. Kouzoukas , Katherine L. Meyer-Siegler , David E. Hunt , Lin Leng , Richard Bucala , Pedro L. Vera
{"title":"MIF mediates bladder pain, not inflammation, in cyclophosphamide cystitis","authors":"Fei Ma , Dimitrios E. Kouzoukas , Katherine L. Meyer-Siegler , David E. Hunt , Lin Leng , Richard Bucala , Pedro L. Vera","doi":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory mediator, is recognized as a player in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) results in bladder inflammation and pain and it’s a frequently used animal model of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Because pretreatment with a MIF inhibitor (ISO-1) prevented both CYP-induced bladder pain and inflammation we used genetic MIF knockout (KO) mice to further investigate MIF’s role in CYP-induced bladder pain and inflammation. Abdominal mechanical threshold measured bladder pain induced by CYP in wild type (WT) and MIF KO mice at several time points (0–48 h). End-point (48 h) changes in micturition parameters and histological signs of bladder inflammation were also evaluated. Abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity developed within 4 h after CYP injection (and lasted for the entire observation period: 48 h) in WT mice. MIF KO mice, on the other hand, did not develop abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity suggesting that MIF is a pivotal molecule in mediating CYP-induced bladder pain. Both WT and MIF KO mice treated with CYP showed histological signs of marked bladder inflammation and showed a significant decrease in micturition volume and increase in frequency. Since both changes were blocked in MIF KO mice by pretreatment with a MIF inhibitor (ISO-1) it is likely these are non-specific effects of ISO-1. MIF mediates CYP-induced bladder pain but not CYP-induced bladder inflammation. The locus of effect (bladder) or central (spinal) for MIF mediation of bladder pain remains to be determined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37028,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine: X","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37412519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cytokine: XPub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100005
Yingying Wang, Xuelan Zuo
{"title":"Cytokines frequently implicated in myeloproliferative neoplasms","authors":"Yingying Wang, Xuelan Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). MPN has been defined as a chronic inflammation-driven tumor model. It is clear that there is a close link between chronic inflammation and MPN pathogenesis. Several studies have demonstrated cytokine profiles in MPN patients. Other studies have used cell lines or animal models aiming to clarify the underlying mechanism of cytokines in the pathogenesis of MPN. However, important questions remain: (1) among all these cytokines, which are more predictive? and (2) which are more critical? In this review, we summarize cytokines that have been investigated in MPN and highlight several cytokines that may be more significant in MPN. We suggest that cytokines are more critical in PMF than PV or ET. These cytokines include IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, PDGF, IFNs and TGF-β, all of which should be more closely investigated in MPN. Based on our extensive literature search, several key factors have emerged in our understanding of MPN: first, TNF-α could correlate with MPN progression including PMF, PV and ET. IL-1β plays a role in PMF progression, while it showed no relation with PV or ET. Second, IL-8 could be a prognostic factor for PMF, and IL-6 could be important for MPN progression. Third, VEGF and PDGF play an indirect role in MPN development and their inhibitors could be effective. Fourth, different subtypes of IFNs could have different effects in MPN. Finally, TGF-β is closely linked to MF, although the data are inconsistent. Agents that have targeted these cytokines described above are already in clinical trials, and some of them have even been used to treat MPN patients. Taken together, it will be critical to continue to investigate the precise role of these cytokines in the pathogenesis and progression of MPN.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37028,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine: X","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25383892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cytokine: XPub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100004
Duncan Reid , Sheela Shenoi , Ravesh Singh , Max Wang , Vinod Patel , Rituparna Das , Keshni Hiramen , Yunus Moosa , Francois Eksteen , Anthony P. Moll , Thumbi Ndung'u , Victoria Kasprowicz , Lin Leng , Gerald H. Friedland , Richard Bucala
{"title":"Low expression Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) alleles and tuberculosis in HIV infected South Africans","authors":"Duncan Reid , Sheela Shenoi , Ravesh Singh , Max Wang , Vinod Patel , Rituparna Das , Keshni Hiramen , Yunus Moosa , Francois Eksteen , Anthony P. Moll , Thumbi Ndung'u , Victoria Kasprowicz , Lin Leng , Gerald H. Friedland , Richard Bucala","doi":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Host immunity is crucial for controlling <em>M. tuberculosis</em> infection. Functional polymorphisms in the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) show global population stratification, with the highest prevalence of low expression <em>MIF</em> alleles found in sub-Saharan Africans, which is a population with the greatest confluence of both TB and HIV infection and disease. We investigated the association between <em>MIF</em> alleles and tuberculosis (TB) and HIV in South Africa. We acquired clinical information and determined the frequency of two <em>MIF</em> promoter variants: a functional −794 CATT<sub>5-8</sub> microsatellite and an associated −173 G/C SNP in two HIV-positive cohorts of patients with active laboratory-confirmed TB and in controls without active TB who were all HIV positive. We found a greater frequency of low expression <em>MIF</em> promoter variants (-794 CATT<sub>5,6</sub>) among TB disease cases compared to controls (OR = 2.03, p = 0.023), supporting a contribution of genetic low <em>MIF</em> expression to the high prevalence of TB in South Africa. Among those with HIV, circulating MIF levels also were associated with lower CD4 cell counts irrespective of TB status (p = 0.016), suggesting an influence of HIV immunosuppression on <em>MIF</em> expression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37028,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine: X","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25383470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cytokine: XPub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2018.100001
Anthony Tang, Fiona Harding
{"title":"The challenges and molecular approaches surrounding interleukin-2-based therapeutics in cancer","authors":"Anthony Tang, Fiona Harding","doi":"10.1016/j.cytox.2018.100001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cytox.2018.100001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interleukin-2 has had a long history as a promising cancer therapeutic, being capable of eliciting complete and durable remissions in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma. Despite high toxicity and efficacy limited to only certain patient subpopulations and cancer types, the prospective use of novel, engineered IL2 formats in combination with the presently expanding repertoire of immuno-oncological targets remains very encouraging. This is possible due to the significant research efforts in the IL2 field that have yielded critical structural and biological insights that have made IL2 more effective and more broadly applicable in the clinic. In this review, we discuss some of the molecular approaches that have been used to further improve IL2 therapy for cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37028,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine: X","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cytox.2018.100001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43368632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}